欧洲2.4GHz无线设备EN300328 V1.9.1 RF认证标准详解

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"EN300328 V1.9.1是欧洲电磁兼容性和无线电频谱事务（ERM）的一项标准，适用于2.4GHz ISM频段内的宽频传输系统，特别是采用宽频调制技术的数据传输设备。这个标准符合欧盟R&TTE指令中的基本要求。" EN300328 V1.9.1是欧洲电信标准协会（ETSI）发布的一个关键规范，旨在确保2.4GHz工业、科学和医疗（ISM）频段内的无线设备在电磁兼容性和无线电频谱使用上的协调性。该标准是针对欧洲市场的一个强制性要求，它覆盖了R&TTE（无线电及电信终端设备指令）第3.2条的基本要求，保证了设备在整个欧洲经济区的互操作性和合规性。 2.4GHz ISM频段是一个开放的频段，广泛用于各种无线通信应用，如Wi-Fi、蓝牙、Zigbee等。EN300328规定了这些设备在发射功率、频率稳定度、接收灵敏度、同频干扰和邻频干扰等方面的技术指标，以防止设备间的干扰并确保网络性能。标准中的“宽频传输系统”和“宽频调制技术”通常指的是使用扩展频谱的方法，例如直接序列扩频（DSSS）或跳频扩频（FHSS）。这些技术可以提高信号的抗干扰能力，同时允许在同一频段内部署多个并发系统。 EN300328 V1.9.1版本是在2015年2月更新的，可能包含了对之前版本的修正、改进或技术更新，以适应不断发展的无线通信技术和市场需求。标准的使用者可以从ETSI的官方网站上获取最新版本，以确保其设备设计和测试遵循最新的法规要求。关键词包括数据传输、ISM频段、局域网（LAN）、移动通信、无线电、监管、扩频、短距离设备（SRD）、测试和传输，以及超高频（UHF），这表明EN300328涵盖了一系列与无线通信相关的技术领域。重要的是，任何电子版或印刷版的EN300328文档内容未经ETSI书面许可不得修改。如果发现内容存在差异，应与ETSI联系以确认其合法性。这一规定确保了标准的准确性和一致性，从而保护了消费者和制造商的利益。

ETSI

ETSI EN 300 328 V1.9.1 (2015

02)

Adaptive equipment may have more than one adaptive mode implemented.

Adaptive equipment is allowed to operate in a non-adaptive mode.

The equipment shall comply with the corresponding requirements in each of the modes in which it can operate.

The supplier shall declare whether the equipment is adaptive equipment or non-adaptive equipment. In case of adaptive

equipment, the supplier shall declare if more than one adaptive mode is implemented and whether the equipment can

also operate in a non-adaptive mode. See also clause 5.3.1.

4.3 Technical requirements

4.3.1 Technical requirements for Frequency Hopping equipment

4.3.1.1 Introduction

Equipment using FHSS modulation, and further referred to as Frequency Hopping equipment, shall comply with the

requirements in clause 4.3.1.2 to clause 4.3.1.12.

For equipment using other forms of modulation, the requirements in clause 4.3.2 shall apply.

4.3.1.2 RF output power

4.3.1.2.1 Applicability

This requirement applies to all types of Frequency Hopping equipment.

4.3.1.2.2 Definition

The RF output power is defined as the mean equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) of the equipment during a

transmission burst.

4.3.1.2.3 Limit

The maximum RF output power for adaptive Frequency Hopping equipment shall be equal to or less than 20 dBm.

The maximum RF output power for non-adaptive Frequency Hopping equipment shall be declared by the supplier. See

clause 5.3.1 m). The maximum RF output power for this equipment shall be equal to or less than the value declared by

the supplier. This declared value shall be equal to or less than 20 dBm.

This limit shall apply for any combination of power level and intended antenna assembly.

4.3.1.2.4 Conformance

The conformance tests for this requirement are (part of the procedure) defined in clause 5.3.2.

4.3.1.3 Duty Cycle, Tx-sequence, Tx-gap

4.3.1.3.1 Applicability

These requirements apply to non-adaptive frequency hopping equipment or to adaptive frequency hopping equipment

operating in a non-adaptive mode.

These requirements do not apply for equipment with a maximum declared RF Output power of less than 10 dBm e.i.r.p.

or for equipment when operating in a mode where the RF Output power is less than 10 dBm e.i.r.p.

ETSI

ETSI EN 300 328 V1.9.1 (2015

02)

Medical devices requiring reverse compatibility with other medical devices placed on the market that are compliant

with version 1.7.1 or earlier versions of ETSI EN 300 328 are allowed to have an operating mode in which they do not

have to comply with the requirements for Duty Cycle, Tx-sequence and Tx-gap only when communicating to these

legacy devices already placed on the market.

4.3.1.3.2 Definition

Duty Cycle is defined as the ratio of the total transmitter 'on'-time to an observation period. The observation period is

equal to the average dwell time multiplied by 100 or by 2 times the number of hopping frequencies (N) whichever is the

greater.

Tx-sequence is defined as a period in time during which a single or multiple transmissions may occur and which shall

be followed by a Tx-gap. These multiple transmissions within a single Tx-sequence may take place on the same

hopping frequency or on multiple hopping frequencies.

Tx-gap is defined as a period in time during which no transmissions occur on any of the hopping frequencies.

NOTE: For non-adaptive frequency hopping equipment, the maximum Duty Cycle at which the equipment can

operate, is declared by the supplier. The equipment may have a dynamic behaviour with regard to duty

cycle and corresponding power level. See clause 5.3.1 e).

4.3.1.3.3 Limit

For non-adaptive FHSS equipment, the Duty Cycle shall be equal to or less than the maximum value declared by the

supplier. In addition, the maximum Tx-sequence time shall be 5 ms while the minimum Tx-gap time shall be 5 ms.

4.3.1.3.4 Conformance

The conformance tests for this requirement are (part of the procedure) defined in clause 5.3.2.

4.3.1.4 Accumulated Transmit Time, Frequency Occupation and Hopping Sequence

4.3.1.4.1 Applicability

These requirements apply to all types of frequency hopping equipment.

4.3.1.4.2 Definition

The Accumulated Transmit Time is the total of the transmitter 'on' times, during an observation period, on a particular

hopping frequency.

The Frequency Occupation is the number of times that each hopping frequency is occupied within a given period. A

hopping frequency is considered to be occupied when the equipment selects that frequency from the hopping sequence.

The equipment may be transmitting, receiving or stay idle during the Dwell Time spent on that hopping frequency.

The Hopping Sequence of a frequency hopping equipment is the unrepeated pattern of the hopping frequencies used by

the equipment.

4.3.1.4.3 Limit

4.3.1.4.3.1 Non-adaptive frequency hopping equipment

The Accumulated Transmit Time on any hopping frequency shall not be greater than 15 ms within any observation

period of 15 ms multiplied by the minimum number of hopping frequencies (N) that have to be used.

Non-adaptive medical devices requiring reverse compatibility with other medical devices placed on the market that are

compliant with version 1.7.1 or earlier versions of ETSI EN 300 328, are allowed to have an operating mode in which

the maximum Accumulated Transmit Time is 400 ms within any observation period of 400 ms multiplied by the

minimum number of hopping frequencies (N) that have to be used, only when communicating to these legacy devices

already placed on the market.

ETSI

ETSI EN 300 328 V1.9.1 (2015

02)

In order for the equipment to comply with the Frequency Occupation requirement, it shall meet either of the following

two options:

Option 1: Each hopping frequency of the hopping sequence shall be occupied at least once within a period not

exceeding four times the product of the dwell time and the number of hopping frequencies in use.

Option 2: The occupation probability for each frequency shall be between ((1 / U) × 25 %) and 77 % where U is the

number of hopping frequencies in use.

The hopping sequence(s) shall contain at least N hopping frequencies where N is 15 or 15 divided by the minimum

Hopping Frequency Separation in MHz, whichever is the greater.

4.3.1.4.3.2 Adaptive frequency hopping equipment

Adaptive Frequency Hopping equipment shall be capable of operating over a minimum of 70 % of the band specified in

clause 1.

The Accumulated Transmit Time on any hopping frequency shall not be greater than 400 ms within any observation

period of 400 ms multiplied by the minimum number of hopping frequencies (N) that have to be used.

In order for the equipment to comply with the Frequency Occupation requirement, it shall meet either of the following

two options:

Option 1: Each hopping frequency of the hopping sequence shall be occupied at least once within a period not

exceeding four times the product of the dwell time and the number of hopping frequencies in use.

Option 2: The occupation probability for each frequency shall be between ((1 / U) × 25 %) and 77 % where U is the

number of hopping frequencies in use.

The hopping sequence(s) shall contain at least N hopping frequencies at all times, where N is 15 or 15 divided by the

minimum Hopping Frequency Separation in MHz, whichever is the greater.

4.3.1.4.4 Other Requirements

For non-Adaptive Frequency Hopping equipment, from the N hopping frequencies defined in clause 4.3.1.4.3.1 above,

the equipment shall transmit on at least one hopping frequency while other hopping frequencies are blacklisted.

For equipment that blacklists one or more hopping frequencies, these blacklisted frequencies are considered as active

transmitting for the calculation of the MU factor of the equipment. See also clause 5.3.2.2.1.3 step 3, second bullet item

and clause 5.3.2.2.1.4 step 3, note 2.

For Adaptive Frequency Hopping equipment, from the N hopping frequencies defined in clause 4.3.1.4.3.2 above, the

equipment shall consider at least one hopping frequency for its transmissions. Providing that there is no interference

present on this frequency with a level above the detection threshold defined in clause 4.3.1.7.2.2 point 5 or

clause 4.3.1.7.3.2 point 5, then the equipment shall have transmissions on this frequency.

For non-Adaptive Frequency Hopping equipment, when not transmitting on a hopping frequency, the equipment has to

occupy that frequency for the duration of the typical dwell time (see also definition for blacklisted frequency in

clause 3.1).

For Adaptive Frequency Hopping equipment using LBT based DAA, if a signal is detected during the CCA, the

equipment may jump immediately to the next frequency in the hopping sequence (see clause 4.3.1.7.2.2 point 2)

provided the limit for maximum dwell is respected.

4.3.1.4.5 Conformance

The conformance tests for this requirement are defined in clause 5.3.4. Alternatively, for demonstrating compliance

with the Accumulated Transmit Time requirement, the manufacturer may provide a statistical analysis to demonstrate

that the requirement can be met with a probability of 95 %. See clause 5.3.1.

For equipment implementing Option 1 in clause 4.3.1.4.3.1 or clause 4.3.1.4.3.2 (Frequency Occupation requirement),

in case compliance cannot be proven via measurements in clause 5.3.4.2.1 step 5 (as the Frequency Occupation in

receive and idle modes cannot be measured), the manufacturer shall provide a statistical analysis to demonstrate

compliance with the Frequency Occupation requirement.

ETSI

ETSI EN 300 328 V1.9.1 (2015

02)

For equipment using Option 2 in clause 4.3.1.4.3.1 or clause 4.3.1.4.3.2 (Frequency Occupation requirement), the

manufacturer shall provide a statistical analysis to demonstrate compliance with this requirement.

NOTE: The statistical analysis referenced in the paragraphs above may be performed by simulation or

mathematical analysis.

4.3.1.5 Hopping Frequency Separation

4.3.1.5.1 Applicability

This requirement applies to all types of frequency hopping equipment.

4.3.1.5.2 Definition

The Hopping Frequency Separation is the frequency separation between two adjacent hopping frequencies.

4.3.1.5.3 Limit

4.3.1.5.3.1 Non-adaptive frequency hopping equipment

For non-adaptive Frequency Hopping equipment, the Hopping Frequency Separation shall be equal or greater than the

Occupied Channel Bandwidth (see clause 4.3.1.8), with a minimum separation of 100 kHz.

For equipment with a maximum declared RF Output power level of less than 10 dBm e.i.r.p. or for non-adaptive

Frequency Hopping equipment operating in a mode where the RF Output power is less than 10 dBm e.i.r.p. only the

minimum Hopping Frequency Separation of 100 kHz applies.

4.3.1.5.3.2 Adaptive frequency hopping equipment

For adaptive Frequency Hopping equipment, the minimum Hopping Frequency Separation shall be 100 kHz.

Adaptive Frequency Hopping equipment, which for one or more hopping frequencies, has switched to a non-adaptive

mode because interference was detected on all these hopping positions with a level above the threshold level defined in

clause 4.3.1.7.2.2 or clause 4.3.1.7.3.2, is allowed to continue to operate with a minimum Hopping Frequency

Separation of 100 kHz on these hopping frequencies as long as the interference is present on these frequencies. The

equipment shall continue to operate in an adaptive mode on other hopping frequencies.

Adaptive Frequency Hopping equipment which decided to operate in a non-adaptive mode on one or more hopping

frequencies without the presence of interference, shall comply with the limit in clause 4.3.1.5.3.1 for these hopping

frequencies as well as with all other requirements applicable to non-adaptive frequency hopping equipment.

4.3.1.5.4 Conformance

The conformance tests for this requirement are defined in clause 5.3.5.

4.3.1.6 Medium Utilization (MU) factor

4.3.1.6.1 Applicability

This requirement does not apply to adaptive equipment unless operating in a non-adaptive mode.

In addition, this requirement does not apply for equipment with a maximum declared RF Output power level of less

than 10 dBm e.i.r.p. or for equipment when operating in a mode where the RF Output power is less than 10 dBm e.i.r.p.

Medical devices requiring reverse compatibility with other medical devices placed on the market that are compliant

with version 1.7.1 or earlier versions of ETSI EN 300 328 are allowed to have an operating mode in which they have a

Medium Utilization above the limit defined in clause 4.3.1.6.3 only when communicating to these legacy devices

already placed on the market.

ETSI

ETSI EN 300 328 V1.9.1 (2015

02)

4.3.1.6.2 Definition

The Medium Utilization (MU) factor is a measure to quantify the amount of resources (Power and Time) used by

non-adaptive equipment. The Medium Utilization factor is defined by the formula:

MU = (P/100 mW) × DC

where: MU is Medium Utilization factor in %.

P is the RF output power as defined in clause 4.3.1.2.2 expressed in mW.

DC is the Duty Cycle as defined in clause 4.3.1.3.2 expressed in %.

NOTE: The equipment may have dynamic behaviour with regard to duty cycle and corresponding power level.

See clause 5.3.1 e).

4.3.1.6.3 Limit

The maximum Medium Utilization factor for non-adaptive Frequency Hopping equipment shall be 10 %.

4.3.1.6.4 Conformance

The conformance tests for this requirement are (part of the procedure) defined in clause 5.3.2.

4.3.1.7 Adaptivity (Adaptive Frequency Hopping)

4.3.1.7.1 Applicability

This requirement does not apply to non-adaptive equipment or adaptive equipment operating in a non-adaptive mode

providing the equipment complies with the requirements and/or restrictions applicable to non-adaptive equipment.

In addition, this requirement does not apply for equipment with a maximum declared RF Output power level of less

than 10 dBm e.i.r.p. or for equipment when operating in a mode where the RF Output power is less than 10 dBm e.i.r.p.

Adaptive Frequency Hopping equipment is allowed to operate in a non-adaptive mode providing it complies with the

requirements applicable to non-adaptive frequency hopping equipment. See also clause 4.3.1.5.3.2.

Adaptive Frequency Hopping equipment is allowed to have Short Control Signalling Transmissions (e.g. ACK/NACK

signals, etc.) without sensing the frequency for the presence of other signals. See clause 4.3.1.7.4.

Adaptive Frequency Hopping (AFH) equipment uses a Detect And Avoid (DAA) mechanism which allows an

equipment to adapt to its radio environment by identifying frequencies that are being used by other equipment.

Adaptive Frequency Hopping equipment shall implement either of the DAA mechanisms provided in clause 4.3.1.7.2 or

clause 4.3.1.7.3.

NOTE: Adaptive equipment are allowed to switch dynamically between different adaptive modes.

4.3.1.7.2 Adaptive Frequency Hopping using LBT based DAA

4.3.1.7.2.1 Definition

Adaptive Frequency Hopping using LBT based DAA is a mechanism by which a given hopping frequency is made

'unavailable' because signal was detected before any transmission on that frequency.

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