Erlang与OTP实战指南：探索分布式编程与容错

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《Erlang与OTP实战》（Erlang and OTP in Action）是一本深入浅出的专业书籍，由Martin Logan、Eric Merritt和Richard Carlsson联袂撰写，涵盖了Erlang编程语言及其开放源代码工具包OTP（Open Telecom Platform）的实战应用。Erlang是一种被设计为高并发、分布式和并行计算的语言，尤其适合构建容错性高的实时系统，而OTP则提供了一套全面的框架和服务，支持模块化、热部署和故障恢复。本书的主要内容包括但不限于以下几个方面： 1. **Erlang基础**：章节将介绍Erlang的哲学、语法、并发模型（如轻量级进程和消息传递机制）、模式匹配以及其独特的错误处理方式。读者将了解到Erlang如何利用这些特性来构建高度可靠的网络服务。 2. **OTP组件**：作者会详细介绍OTP中的各种核心模块，如gen_server、gen_fsm、supervisor和logger等，它们是构建分布式系统的基石。读者可以学习如何利用这些模块构建复杂的应用架构。 3. **分布式系统设计**：通过实战案例，作者展示了如何在Erlang中设计和实现分布式的系统组件，如分布式数据库、分布式缓存和负载均衡器，以实现系统的扩展性和可用性。 4. **实时性能优化**：书中会探讨如何通过Erlang的并发特性和OTP优化性能，包括线程池、事件驱动编程和内存管理策略。 5. **实战项目实践**：书中包含一系列实用的项目，涵盖从简单服务到复杂系统的开发过程，帮助读者在实践中掌握Erlang和OTP的运用。 6. **最新进展与最佳实践**：鉴于Erlang语言的持续发展和社区的最佳实践，本书也会紧跟时代的步伐，分享最新的技术和开发趋势。 7. **资源和支持**：最后，书后附有在线资源链接和联系方式，读者可以在那里获取更多关于Erlang和OTP的学习资料以及作者团队的支持。《Erlang与OTP实战》是一本既适合初学者快速入门，又适合已有经验的开发者深入学习和提升Erlang技能的实战指南。无论是构建高性能的网络服务还是设计可扩展的分布式系统，这本书都能为读者提供宝贵的经验和实践指导。

CONTENTS

Integrating with foreign code using ports and NIFs 291

12.1 Ports and NIFs 292

Plain ports 294

■

Linked-in port drivers 295

Natively implemented functions (NIFs) 295

12.2 Integrating with the parser through a port 296

The Erlang side of the port 297

■

The C side of the

port 300

■

Compiling and running the code 312

12.3 Making a linked-in driver 313

Understanding linked-in drivers 313

■

The C side of

the driver 315

■

Compiling the driver code 320

The Erlang side of the driver 321

12.4 Implementing the parser as a NIF 322

The Erlang side of the NIF 322

■

The C side of

the NIF 323

■

Compiling and running the code 330

12.5 Summary 331

Communication between Erlang and Java via Jinterface 332

13.1 Integrating Erlang with Java using Jinterface 334

The OtpNode class 334

■

The OtpMbox class 334

Mapping Erlang data structures onto Java 335

Message-handling example in Java 337

■

Talking to

the Java node from Erlang 339

13.2 Installing and configuring HBase 340

Downloading and installing 340

■

Configuring HBase 341

13.3 Building the bridge between Simple Cache

and HBase 342

The Erlang side: sc_hbase.erl 342

The HBaseConnector class 344

■

Java message

handling 346

■

The HBaseTask class 349

13.4 Integrating HBase with Simple Cache 351

Lookup 352

■

Insert 352

■

Delete 353

13.5 Running the integrated system 353

13.6 Summary 356

FOREWORD

xviii

database managers, protocol parsers, and error-handling frameworks—but I enjoyed

myself thoroughly. After all, this was a different time: the web was emerging with the

release of the Mosaic browser that same year, and the term open source wouldn’t be

used for another five years; if you wanted a programming framework with support for

distributed computing and fault tolerance, you had to be prepared to pay dearly, both

in time and money. I had scoured the market for such tools and felt well-informed

about the commercial alternatives. Erlang was raw and unassuming, with a weird-

looking syntax and practically no documentation, but its core concepts felt right in a

way that no other tools had.

Three years later, I found myself in Sweden, working for Ericsson and chief

designer of the largest Erlang-based project to date. We would build what is known as

a telecom-class

ATM switch using Erlang, as well as a new framework called the Open

Telecom Platform. The name was intended to make decision makers in the company

feel warm and fuzzy—Telecom was our core business, Open was the buzzword of the day,

and the prevailing wisdom was that if you wanted to build a robust complex product,

you had to have a Platform that provided things like redundancy, support for remote

configuration, live software upgrade, and real-time tracing and debugging.

Ericsson isn’t in the business of selling development tools, but it has designed pro-

gramming languages by necessity since the early 1970s. To its credit (but also to its

own benefit), Ericsson released Erlang/

OTP as open source in 1998. Enthusiasts

across the world picked it up and used it, mainly in the telecom field at first, but later

also in other areas. We made several attempts in the ’90s to pitch Erlang to web devel-

opers, but the challenge facing web developers back then wasn’t how to make redun-

dant, scalable, and highly responsive e-commerce sites; the time for such systems

hadn’t yet come, nor had the time when concurrency would be a conversation topic

for mainstream programmers. Concurrency was hard—everyone knew that. Concur-

rency was something to be avoided. Why, then, choose a programming language

where you could hardly even write “hello world” without introducing concurrency?

The explosive growth of the web and the emergence of increasingly interactive

web applications eventually brought Erlang in from the cold. Unexpected help also

came from the laws of physics, which finally made it impossible to keep cranking up

the clock frequency on our

CPUs to produce faster and faster single-core chips. The

message “The free lunch is over” from the hardware vendors, urging developers to

start learning how to make their programs scale across many weaker cores rather than

one very fast

CPU, was wonderful news for Erlang. This meant many clever program-

mers would at least look at Erlang, to figure out what supposedly made it so special.

Many would simply look, and others would borrow concepts and implement them in

their favorite language. This was wonderful too, because it meant the market value of

knowing and loving Erlang and the principles behind it would increase rapidly.

OTP has by now been proven in several problem domains other than telecom and

is highly regarded by those who have learned to master it. Erlang/

OTP is an amazingly

powerful platform, but it does take time to learn, not least when you try to apply it to a

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