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Linux全命令参考手册
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更新于2024-07-29
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"这是一本全面介绍Linux操作系统的命令手册,由J.Purcell编译,由Red Hat Software, Inc.出版。此手册适用于Linux初学者和经验丰富的用户,旨在提供一个方便的参考工具,帮助用户查找和理解各种Linux命令。"
在Linux操作系统中,命令行界面是核心交互方式之一,通过输入特定的命令,用户可以执行各种操作,如文件管理、系统控制、网络通信等。Linux完全命令手册涵盖了这些方面的内容,是学习和掌握Linux操作的关键资源。以下是一些重要的Linux命令和概念:
1. 文件和目录操作:
- `cd`: 改变当前工作目录。
- `ls`: 列出目录内容。
- `mkdir`: 创建新目录。
- `rm`: 删除文件或目录(需谨慎使用)。
- `cp`: 复制文件或目录。
- `mv`: 移动或重命名文件或目录。
2. 文件管理:
- `cat`: 查看或合并文件内容。
- `more`/`less`: 分页查看文件内容。
- `vi`/`vim`: 文本编辑器,用于创建和修改文件。
- `find`: 搜索文件系统中的文件,根据名称、类型、时间等条件。
3. 系统和进程管理:
- `ps`: 显示当前系统中的进程状态。
- `top`: 实时监控系统资源使用情况,如CPU和内存。
- `kill`/`pkill`: 终止进程。
- `shutdown`/`reboot`: 关闭或重启系统。
4. 网络通信:
- `ping`: 测试网络连接。
- `nc`/`netcat`: 网络工具,用于数据传输和端口扫描。
- `curl`: 从URL获取数据,常用于API调用和下载。
- `ssh`: 安全的远程登录命令,用于访问其他系统。
5. 打包和压缩:
- `tar`: 创建、解压和管理tar归档文件。
- `gzip`/`bzip2`: 压缩文件,`gunzip`/`bunzip2`为其对应的解压缩命令。
- `unzip`: 解压缩ZIP文件。
6. 包管理和软件安装:
- `apt`/`apt-get`: 在Debian和Ubuntu系统中管理软件包。
- `yum`/`dnf`: 在RHEL和Fedora系统中管理软件包。
- `rpm`: RPM包管理器,常用于RHEL和SUSE系统。
7. 权限和用户管理:
- `chmod`: 更改文件或目录的权限。
- `chown`/`chgrp`: 更改文件所有者或组。
- `su`/`sudo`: 切换用户或以超级用户权限执行命令。
这本Linux完全命令手册不仅包含命令的使用方法,可能还会涉及每个命令的选项、参数以及相关的示例,帮助读者更好地理解和应用这些命令。此外,书中可能还包含一些Linux基础知识,如文件系统结构、用户和组管理、Shell脚本编写等,对提升Linux技能大有裨益。对于初学者来说,它是快速查找命令用法的宝贵资源;对于经验丰富的用户,它可以作为一个方便的参考资料,弥补记忆的空白。
Linux Complete Command Reference
xvi
gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
getrlimit, getrusage, setrlimit.............................................................................767
getsid ................................................................................................................768
getsockname......................................................................................................769
getsockopt, setsockopt.......................................................................................769
gettimeofday, settimeofday................................................................................772
getuid, geteuid ..................................................................................................773
idle....................................................................................................................774
ioctl...................................................................................................................774
ioperm ..............................................................................................................788
iopl ...................................................................................................................788
ipc.....................................................................................................................789
kill ....................................................................................................................790
killpg.................................................................................................................790
link ...................................................................................................................791
listen .................................................................................................................792
llseek.................................................................................................................793
lseek..................................................................................................................793
mkdir................................................................................................................794
mknod ..............................................................................................................795
mlock................................................................................................................796
mlockall ............................................................................................................797
mmap, munmap ...............................................................................................799
modify_ldt ........................................................................................................800
get_kernel_syms, create_module, init_module, delete_module .........................800
mount, umount ................................................................................................802
mprotect ...........................................................................................................804
mremap ............................................................................................................805
msgctl ...............................................................................................................806
msgget...............................................................................................................807
msgop ...............................................................................................................808
msync ...............................................................................................................811
munlock............................................................................................................811
munlockall........................................................................................................812
nanosleep ..........................................................................................................813
nice ...................................................................................................................814
oldfstat, oldlstat, oldstat, oldolduname, olduname ............................................814
open, creat ........................................................................................................815
outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl.................................................................816
pause.................................................................................................................817
personality ........................................................................................................817
phys ..................................................................................................................818
pipe...................................................................................................................818
profil.................................................................................................................819
ptrace................................................................................................................820
quotactl.............................................................................................................821
xvii
Introduction
gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
read...................................................................................................................822
readdir ..............................................................................................................823
readlink.............................................................................................................823
readv, writev......................................................................................................824
reboot ...............................................................................................................825
recv, recvfrom, recvmsg.....................................................................................826
rename ..............................................................................................................828
rmdir ................................................................................................................829
sched_get_priority_max, sched_get_priority_min .............................................830
sched_rr_get_interval........................................................................................831
sched_setparam, sched_getparam ......................................................................832
sched_setscheduler, sched_getscheduler ............................................................833
sched_yield .......................................................................................................835
select, FD_CLR, FD_ISSET, FD_SET, FD_ZERO.........................................835
semctl................................................................................................................837
semget...............................................................................................................839
semop ...............................................................................................................840
send, sendto, sendmsg.......................................................................................842
setfsgid..............................................................................................................843
setfsuid..............................................................................................................844
setgid ................................................................................................................845
setpgid, getpgid, setpgrp, getpgrp......................................................................845
setregid, setegid .................................................................................................846
setreuid, seteuid ................................................................................................847
setsid.................................................................................................................848
setuid ................................................................................................................848
setup .................................................................................................................849
shmctl ...............................................................................................................849
shmget ..............................................................................................................851
shmop...............................................................................................................853
shutdown ..........................................................................................................855
sigaction, sigprocmask, sigpending, sigsuspend..................................................855
signal.................................................................................................................857
sigblock, siggetmask, sigsetmask, sigmask..........................................................858
sigpause.............................................................................................................858
sigreturn............................................................................................................859
sigvec ................................................................................................................860
socket................................................................................................................860
socketcall...........................................................................................................862
socketpair..........................................................................................................862
stat, fstat, lstat ...................................................................................................863
statfs, fstatfs.......................................................................................................865
stime .................................................................................................................866
swapon, swapoff................................................................................................866
symlink .............................................................................................................867
Linux Complete Command Reference
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gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
sync...................................................................................................................869
sysctl .................................................................................................................869
sysfs...................................................................................................................871
sysinfo...............................................................................................................871
syslog ................................................................................................................872
termios, tcgetattr, tcsetattr, tcsendbreak, tcdrain, tcflush, tcflow, cfgetospeed,
cfgetispeed, cfsetispeed, cfsetospeed, tcgetpgrp, tcsetpgrp ...............................874
time ..................................................................................................................878
times .................................................................................................................878
truncate, ftruncate.............................................................................................879
umask ...............................................................................................................880
uname...............................................................................................................880
none..................................................................................................................881
afs_syscall, break, gtty, lock, mpx, prof, quotactl, stty, ustat ..............................881
unlink ...............................................................................................................882
uselib ................................................................................................................883
ustat..................................................................................................................883
utime, utimes ....................................................................................................884
vhangup ............................................................................................................885
vm86 ................................................................................................................885
wait, waitpid .....................................................................................................886
wait3, wait4 ......................................................................................................888
write..................................................................................................................889
Part III Library Functions
Intro .................................................................................................................892
abort .................................................................................................................892
abs ....................................................................................................................892
acos...................................................................................................................893
acosh.................................................................................................................893
alloca.................................................................................................................894
asin ...................................................................................................................894
asinh .................................................................................................................895
assert .................................................................................................................895
atan...................................................................................................................896
atan2.................................................................................................................896
atanh.................................................................................................................897
atexit.................................................................................................................897
atof ...................................................................................................................898
atoi....................................................................................................................898
atol....................................................................................................................899
bcmp.................................................................................................................899
bcopy ................................................................................................................900
bsearch..............................................................................................................900
bcmp, bcopy, bzero, memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memfrob, memmem,
memmove, memset.........................................................................................901
xix
Introduction
gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs .................................................................................901
bzero .................................................................................................................902
catgets ...............................................................................................................902
catopen, catclose ...............................................................................................903
ceil ....................................................................................................................904
clientlib.............................................................................................................904
clock .................................................................................................................905
closedir..............................................................................................................905
confstr...............................................................................................................906
copysign............................................................................................................907
cos ....................................................................................................................907
cosh ..................................................................................................................908
crypt .................................................................................................................908
ctermid .............................................................................................................909
asctime, ctime, gmtime, localtime, mktime .......................................................909
difftime .............................................................................................................911
div.....................................................................................................................911
drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48,
seed48, lcong48 ..............................................................................................912
drem .................................................................................................................913
ecvt, fcvt ...........................................................................................................913
erf, erfc..............................................................................................................914
execl, execlp, execle, exect, execv, execvp ...........................................................914
errno .................................................................................................................916
exit....................................................................................................................917
exp, log, log10, pow ..........................................................................................917
expm1, log1p ....................................................................................................918
fabs ...................................................................................................................919
fclose.................................................................................................................919
clearerr, feof, ferror, fileno.................................................................................919
fflush, fpurge.....................................................................................................920
ffs......................................................................................................................921
fgetgrent............................................................................................................921
fgetpwent ..........................................................................................................922
floor ..................................................................................................................923
fmod .................................................................................................................923
fnmatch ............................................................................................................924
fopen, fdopen, freopen ......................................................................................924
fpathconf, pathconf...........................................................................................925
fread, fwrite.......................................................................................................926
frexp..................................................................................................................927
fgetpos, fseek, fsetpos, ftell, rewind....................................................................927
ftime .................................................................................................................928
ftok ...................................................................................................................929
ftw ....................................................................................................................930
Linux Complete Command Reference
xx
gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
gcvt...................................................................................................................930
getcwd, get_current_dir_name, getwd...............................................................931
getdirentries ......................................................................................................931
getenv ...............................................................................................................932
getgrent, setgrent, endgrent...............................................................................932
getgrnam, getgrgid ............................................................................................933
getlogin, cuserid ................................................................................................934
getmntent, setmntent, addmntent, endmntent, hasmntopt ...............................935
getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent ...........................936
getopt................................................................................................................937
getpass...............................................................................................................940
getprotoent, getprotobyname, getprotobynumber, setprotoent, endprotoent ....941
getpw ................................................................................................................942
getpwent, setpwent, endpwent ..........................................................................943
getpwnam, getpwuid.........................................................................................944
fgetc, fgets, getc, getchar, gets, ungetc ...............................................................944
getservent, getservbyname, getservbyport, setservent, endservent.......................945
getusershell, setusershell, endusershell ...............................................................946
getutent, getutid, getutline, pututline, setutent, endutent, utmpname...............947
getw, putw ........................................................................................................948
glob, globfree ....................................................................................................949
hosts_access, hosts_ctl.......................................................................................950
hcreate, hdestroy, hsearch..................................................................................951
hypot ................................................................................................................953
index, rindex .....................................................................................................953
inet_aton, inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof,
inet_netof.......................................................................................................953
infnan ...............................................................................................................954
initgroups..........................................................................................................955
inndcomm ........................................................................................................956
insque, remque..................................................................................................957
isalnum, isalpha, isascii, isblank, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint,
ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit.....................................................................957
isatty .................................................................................................................958
isinf, isnan, finite ..............................................................................................959
j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn...........................................................................................959
killpg.................................................................................................................960
labs ...................................................................................................................960
ldexp.................................................................................................................961
ldiv....................................................................................................................961
lgamma .............................................................................................................962
libinn ................................................................................................................962
libpbm ..............................................................................................................966
libpgm ..............................................................................................................969
libpnm ..............................................................................................................970
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