2021年IEEE 1725标准：移动手机可充电电池设计与可靠性指南

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IEEE 1725-2021标准，原版可复制的移动电话用可充电电池，是IEEE Power and Energy Society的能源存储与固定电池委员会制定的一项关键技术规范。该标准修订自2011年的版本，旨在为移动电话等便携式设备中的锂离子电池设计、质量和可靠性提供明确的设计分析准则。以下是该标准的主要知识点： 1. **电池资格、质量和可靠性标准**：标准详细规定了锂离子电池的设计分析条件，确保其满足在手机等移动设备中的应用需求。这包括对电池性能的严格测试，如安全性能、容量保持、循环寿命、温度控制和热管理系统等。 2. **电池包构造与设计**：标准涵盖了电池包的电气和机械设计，包括电池间的连接方式、散热设计、以及整体结构的耐用性和安全性。这些设计旨在保证电池的稳定运行，并防止过热、短路等潜在问题。 3. **包装技术**：提供了电池组件的封装技术指南，包括如何有效地保护电池免受外部环境影响（如防水、防尘和防震），同时确保电池能顺利进行充电和放电操作。 4. **充放电控制**：对于电池包和单个电池单元，标准规定了精确的充电和放电管理策略。这包括充电速度控制、电压和电流限制，以及电池健康监测，以延长电池使用寿命并防止过充或欠充。 5. **系统层面考虑**：除了电池本身，IEEE 1725-2021还关注整个系统的兼容性，包括电池管理系统（BMS）的集成、电源适配器的标准接口、以及电池在不同工作模式下的行为预测。 6. **授权与使用限制**：标准的使用受到限制，只授权给特定机构，如清华大学，且下载时需遵守IEEExplore的相关规定。 IEEE 1725-2021标准为移动电话用可充电电池的设计、生产和维护提供了严谨的规范，确保了电池的安全性能和用户体验，对于保障现代通信设备的可靠运行具有重要意义。

IEEE Std 1725-2021

IEEE Standard for Rechargeable Batteries for Mobile Phones

IEC 62368-3, Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment—Part 3: Safety aspects

for DC power transfer through communication cables and ports.

ISO 9001, Quality management systems requirements.

UL 1642, Lithium Batteries.

UL 2054, Household and Commercial Batteries.

United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods—Manual of Tests and Criteria (UN

Manual of Tests and Criteria).

3. Denitions, acronyms, and abbreviations

3.1 Denitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. The IEEE Standards Dictionary

Online should be consulted for terms not defined in this clause.

abuse: Use of product in a way that is not intended by the manufacturer/supplier that may result from

unreasonable or malicious human behavior or unreasonably extreme conditions or environments.

active authentication: A method of validation of a battery and/or accessory where the system makes the

compatibility decision independent from the user; for example, the use of a secure memory device within the

battery pack that communicates to the host that the pack is suitable for use with a specic original equipment

manufacturer’s (OEM’s) host device.

active charger: A charger that has a communication channel and interacts with the host device. Also called an

adaptive charger.

adaptor: A device that transforms the available power from an external source (e.g., ac wall outlet, airline, or

automobile outlets) to the power used by the host.

ambient temperature: 20 °C ±5 °C.

authentication: Any method of validation of a battery and/or accessory designed to ensure compatibility with

a specic host device.

battery/battery pack: An assembly of any number of Li-ion cells, associated electronics, battery packaging,

and connector(s).

burr: A sharp metallic projection at the edge of an electrode foil that may penetrate the separator and cause an

internal short in a Li-ion cell.

cause-and-effect (shbone) diagram: A branching, skeletal diagram used to illustrate cause and effect. Main

branches are typically labeled manpower, methods, materials, and machinery. This diagram is also known as

an Ishikawa diagram.

ISO publications are available from the International Organization for Standardization (https:// www .iso .org/ ) and the American

National Standards Institute (https:// www .ansi .org/ ).

UL publications are available from Underwriters Laboratories (https:// www .ul .com/ ).

IEEE Standards Dictionary Online is available at: http:// dictionary .ieee .org. An IEEE Account is required for access to the dictionary,

and one can be created at no charge on the dictionary sign-in page.

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IEEE Std 1725-2021

IEEE Standard for Rechargeable Batteries for Mobile Phones

cell: Basic manufactured Li-ion unit providing a source of electrical energy by direct conversion of chemical

energy that consists of electrodes, separators, electrolyte, container, and terminals, and that is designed to be

charged electrically.

cell block: One or more cells connected in parallel.

cell core: Internal cell assembly consisting of positive and negative electrodes integrated with the separator.

Electrodes and separator may be spirally wound (“jelly roll”) or stacked in a planar arrangement such as “cut

and stack.”

cell leakage: The appearance of the cell electrolyte outside the contained components. Leakage is evidenced

by liquid or condensed electrolyte composition external to the cell on the cell surface.

charge control: A means of ensuring that a cell is charged in accordance with its manufacturer’s specications.

charger: A device that imposes a voltage and current in the proper polarity on a cell or battery to return the

battery to a higher state of charge.

charging algorithm: The set of rules and decisions used to determine the voltages and currents applied to the

cell, cells, and/or battery pack as a function of time, temperature, or other parameters.

counterfeit batteries: Products that are intentionally labeled to mislead the purchaser of a battery. For

example, the battery may be marked as being “genuine” or “approved for use by” a specic original equipment

manufacturer (OEM).

critical: (A) Of, relating to, or being a turning point or an especially important juncture. (B) Relating to or

being a state in which, or a measurement or point at which, some quality, property, or phenomenon suffers a

denite change.

NOTE—

Critical limits, critical steps, traceability plans, and so on may be considered to be critical design factors. Such parameters are determined by the manufacturer/supplier.

design analysis: The evaluation of a design to determine correctness with respect to stated requirements,

conformance to design standards, system efciency, and other criteria, including consideration of system

aging and usage over the life of the product.

electrostatic discharge (ESD): Electrical discharges of static electricity that builds up on personnel or

equipment generated by interaction of dissimilar materials. The discharge may damage sensitive components

and render them inoperative.

embedded battery: A battery that is not intended to be replaced or serviced by the end user/consumer.

failure mode: The manner in which failure occurs, generally categorized as electrical, mechanical, thermal, or

contamination. It can be associated with a defect or use outside of specication.

failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA): A systematic group of cross-functional team activities whose

purpose is to identify and evaluate the potential failure of a product [design FMEA (DFMEA)] or process

[process FMEA (PFMEA)], and to ensure that such failure modes have been properly understood and

prioritized for action. It includes evaluation of the severity of such failures, relative frequency of occurrence,

and probability of detection and thus containment. The results of these activities are documented and updated

as required.

fault: A physical condition that causes a device, a component, or an element to fail to perform in the required

manner. Examples include short circuits, broken wires, intermittent connections, and software errors.

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IEEE Std 1725-2021

IEEE Standard for Rechargeable Batteries for Mobile Phones

hazard: An undesirable result of one or more faults that includes a forceful rupture of the battery pack and/

or projectile emission, re, or ame outside of the battery enclosure; noticeable quantity of smoke; release of

toxic, corrosive, or dangerous materials in excess of recognized health and safety standards; electric shock that

exceeds accepted standards; systems or components generating untouchable surfaces; and leakage of liquid

outside of the system enclosure.

host (host device): The device that is powered by a battery and/or charges the battery. Mobile phones,

powerbanks, and similar rechargeable battery-operated systems are examples of a host device.

incompatible batteries: Battery products that do not meet the proper mechanical and/or electrical

requirements for safe and reliable operation of the host device.

intended use: Use of a product in accordance with specications, instructions, and information provided by

the manufacturer/supplier.

manufacturer/supplier: An entity that designs, assembles, and/or markets nished host devices or cells,

battery packs, and/or systems, as appropriate.

open circuit voltage (cell or battery pack) (V

): The voltage at cell or battery terminals when no appreciable

current is owing.

overcharge: The forcing of a current through a cell or battery pack after it has been fully recharged. Overcharge

may damage the normal operation of the cell or battery and/or induce a hazard.

overcurrent: The situation where the current to or from a cell or battery pack exceeds the manufacturer/

supplier rating or specications. Overcurrent may damage the normal operation of the cell or battery and/or

induce a hazard.

overdischarge: The depletion of charge from a cell or battery pack after it has been fully discharged, and may

include active discharge or self-discharge. Overdischarge may damage the normal operation of the cell or

battery and/or induce a hazard.

overvoltage: The situation where the voltage of a cell or battery pack exceeds the manufacturer/supplier rating

or specications. Overvoltage may damage the normal operation of the cell or battery and/or induce a hazard.

passive authentication: A method of validation of a battery and/or accessory wherein the user makes the

decision on the compatibility with the host device.

passive charger: A charger that does not have a communication channel with the host device.

positive temperature coefcient (PTC) resistor: A component that has the characteristic of a sudden large

increase in resistance when the device reaches a specied temperature and/or current.

powerbank: A portable device consisting of one or more cells with associated power management circuitry

housed within an enclosure used for the primary purpose of charging another host device.

process control: The engineering discipline that deals with architectures, mechanisms, and algorithms for

controlling the output of a specic process.

product lifetime: The actual period from initial operation to retirement of a system, structure, or component.

reasonable and foreseeable misuse: Use of a product in a way that is not intended by the manufacturer/

supplier but may result from reasonable and foreseeable human behavior.

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IEEE Std 1725-2021

IEEE Standard for Rechargeable Batteries for Mobile Phones

subsystem: A major portion or module that comprises the overall system. Examples of subsystems include,

but are not limited to, cell, battery pack, host, interface electronics, and end user.

swelling: An increase in the volume of the cell.

system: The combined cell, battery pack, host device, power supply or adaptor, user, and environment.

vision system: Real-time inspection technique using a camera or other device (X-ray) that creates digitized

information that is analyzed by a computer programmed to evaluate conformance to a mechanical template or

dimension and/or color variations.

3.2 Special terms

agreement: For purposes of this standard, an agreement between the various category manufacturers means

that the relevant specications are not in conict for the parameters in question. It does not imply that a separate

document is necessary to demonstrate compliance.

4. System integration considerations

4.1 Introduction

The scope of this clause sets forth provisions for conducting design analyses for cell, pack, host devices, and

power adapters and an overall system-level design analysis of the combination of these, including the end user.

The design analyses shall be conducted to reduce hazards (as defined in Clause 3) from occurring as a result

of one or two independent faults while in intended use, depending on the scenario. The analysis shall consider

two independent faults for charge and one fault for discharge and storage situations. The design analysis shall

also be conducted to reduce hazards from occurring due to reasonable and foreseeable misuse.

Table 1 lists several different design analysis techniques that can be used. Conditions beyond reasonable and

foreseeable misuse are outside the scope of this standard. Although design analyses should be thorough, it is

not practical to address every conceivable scenario. Such an approach would prove onerous and unrealistic.

Furthermore, cell design and manufacturing quality is fundamental to safe system design, as cell faults that

create a hazard cannot be mitigated by external subsystems. To reduce hazards, there is no substitute for the

use of high-quality cells manufactured in accordance with Clause 5.

Table 1—Examples of design analysis tools

Industry standards and test methodologies review

Company service record (for failure modes and/or trends) review

Lessons-learned (for prior design issues, to ensure avoidance) review

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)

Fault tree analysis

Empirical and/or destructive testing

Cause-and-effect (shbone) analysis

Detailed and extensive design reviews

The design analyses shall identify the following:

a) End-user responsibilities for reliable total system operation. See Clause 9 for information on the

reliable total system operation.

b) Manufacturer/supplier responsibilities for independent and/or distributed control schemes for reliable

total system operation.

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