Linux学习资源大放送:Ubuntu Server最佳方案

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"[Ubuntu.Server最佳方案].冷罡华.扫描版" 本文主要探讨了Ubuntu Server作为服务器的最佳解决方案,包括其优势、安装配置、系统管理、网络服务、安全性和性能优化等方面的知识点。Ubuntu Server是一款基于Debian的开源操作系统,被广泛应用于各种服务器环境,尤其在云服务和数据中心领域。 首先,Ubuntu Server的优势在于其稳定性、安全性以及广泛的社区支持。它提供了长期支持版本(LTS),可提供长达5年的技术支持,确保了系统的稳定运行。同时,Ubuntu Server的安全更新及时,通过APT包管理器可以方便地安装和更新软件,确保服务器的安全性。此外,Ubuntu Server拥有庞大的开发者社区,用户可以获得丰富的文档和解决方案。 在安装配置方面,Ubuntu Server提供了文本模式安装,简化了服务器部署过程。通过引导加载程序GRUB,用户可以设置启动参数,如内核选项和多系统引导。安装过程中,可以选择合适的分区方案,如LVM(逻辑卷管理)以增加存储灵活性。网络配置可以通过命令行工具或网络管理工具如Netplan进行。 在系统管理中,Ubuntu Server依赖于命令行工具,如`apt`进行软件管理,`systemd`处理系统服务和初始化任务,`cron`进行定时任务调度。此外,还包含了许多用于监控和管理系统资源的工具,如`top`、`htop`、`iostat`和`iftop`。 对于网络服务,Ubuntu Server支持常见的服务,如HTTP/HTTPS(Apache或Nginx)、DNS(BIND)、FTP(vsftpd)、邮件(Postfix或Exim)、数据库(MySQL或PostgreSQL)等。配置这些服务通常涉及编辑配置文件和启动/停止服务。 安全是服务器运营的关键。Ubuntu Server提供了防火墙工具`ufw`和`iptables`,以及 SELinux 和 AppArmor 安全模块,用于增强系统安全。此外,定期更新系统和应用,限制不必要的网络服务,以及设置强密码和SSH密钥认证也是保障安全的重要措施。 性能优化方面,Ubuntu Server允许用户调整内核参数、内存管理策略和CPU调度器,以适应特定的工作负载。例如,通过`sysctl`配置内核参数,`cgroups`进行资源限制,或者使用`tuned`工具根据服务器角色自动优化。 Ubuntu Server是一个强大且灵活的服务器平台,适合各种规模的企业和项目。其丰富的功能、强大的社区支持以及易于管理和维护的特点,使其成为实施服务器最佳方案的理想选择。通过深入学习和实践,用户可以充分利用Ubuntu Server的各项优势,构建高效、安全的服务器环境。

root@6527d9173397:/# apt update Ign:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease Ign:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease Ign:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease Ign:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease Ign:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease Ign:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease Ign:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease Err:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease Temporary failure resolving 'security.ubuntu.com' Ign:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease Ign:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease Ign:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease Ign:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease Ign:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease Err:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease Temporary failure resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com' Err:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease Temporary failure resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com' Err:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease Temporary failure resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com' Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done All packages are up to date. W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy/InRelease Temporary failure resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com' W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy-updates/InRelease Temporary failure resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com' W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy-backports/InRelease Temporary failure resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com' W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy-security/InRelease Temporary failure resolving 'security.ubuntu.com' W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

2023-06-12 上传

W: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy/InRelease: The key(s) in the keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2012-cdimage.gpg are ignored as the file is not readable by user '_apt' executing apt-key. W: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy/InRelease: The key(s) in the keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2018-archive.gpg are ignored as the file is not readable by user '_apt' executing apt-key. W: GPG error: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 871920D1991BC93C E: The repository 'http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease' is not signed. W: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy-security/InRelease: The key(s) in the keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2012-cdimage.gpg are ignored as the file is not readable by user '_apt' executing apt-key. W: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy-security/InRelease: The key(s) in the keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2018-archive.gpg are ignored as the file is not readable by user '_apt' executing apt-key. W: GPG error: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 871920D1991BC93C E: The repository 'http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease' is not signed. W: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy-updates/InRelease: The key(s) in the keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2012-cdimage.gpg are ignored as the file is not readable by user '_apt' executing apt-key. W: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy-updates/InRelease: The key(s) in the keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2018-archive.gpg are ignored as the file is not readable by user '_apt' executing apt-key. W: GPG error: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 871920D1991BC93C E: The repository 'http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease' is not signed. W: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy-backports/InRelease: The key(s) in the keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2012-cdimage.gpg are ignored as the file is not readable by user '_apt' executing apt-key. W: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy-backports/InRelease: The key(s) in the keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2018-archive.gpg are ignored as the file is not readable by user '_apt' executing apt-key. W: GPG error: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 871920D1991BC93C E: The repository 'http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease' is not signed. E: Problem executing scripts APT::Update::Post-Invoke 'rm -f /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/*.deb /var/cache/apt/*.bin || true' E: Sub-process returned an error code

2023-06-07 上传