精通vi与vim编辑器：基础到高级技巧

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"《学习vi和vim编辑器(第7版)》是一本全面介绍vi和vim编辑器的教程，适合Linux和Unix用户学习。本书不仅涵盖了vi的基础操作，还深入介绍了vim的各种特性，如缓冲区管理、全局搜索与替换、自定义设置、交互式宏、脚本编写、多窗口编辑、语法高亮显示、扩展标签功能等。书中通过易于跟随的操作步骤，帮助读者掌握这两款强大的文本编辑器。此外，还对比了vim与其他几种vi同类产品，如nvi、elvis和vile。无论是对于初学者还是有经验的用户，这本书都是理解和提升vi/vim技能的必备指南。" 在Linux和Unix环境中，vi编辑器有着悠久的历史，是标准的文本编辑工具。vim（Vi IMproved）作为vi的增强版，现在已经成为多数Linux系统的默认编辑器，也在mac OS X上广泛使用，并能在其他操作系统上运行。《学习vi和vim编辑器(第7版)》旨在教授读者如何快速在vi/vim中移动，使用高级技巧，如利用缓冲区进行高效编辑，执行全局搜索和替换，以及如何自定义编辑器以满足个人需求。通过学习，读者能够掌握如何在vi/vim中执行Unix命令，使用vim的扩展文本对象和强大的正则表达式，实现多窗口编辑，并编写vim脚本来自动化编辑任务。书中的内容不仅仅局限于基础操作，还涵盖了vim的图形化用户界面gvim的使用，以及一些高级特性，如语法高亮显示，这有助于提高代码阅读和编辑的效率，还有扩展标签功能，增强了代码导航能力。此外，书中对vim与其他流行的vi实现（nvi、elvis、vile）进行了比较，让读者了解它们之间的差异和各自的优势。对于任何在Linux或Unix环境下工作的人来说，理解和熟练使用vi/vim是必不可少的技能。《学习vi和vim编辑器(第7版)》提供了一个全面且实践性强的学习路径，帮助读者成为vi/vim的专家，提升他们在文本编辑和系统管理中的工作效率。

Chapter 8, Introduction to the vi Clones, provides an introduction to the extensions

available in the four vi clones covered in this book. It centralizes in one place the

descriptions of multiwindow editing, GUI interfaces, extended regular expressions,

facilities that make editing easier, and several other features, providing a roadmap to

what follows in the rest of this book. It also provides a pointer to source code for the

original vi, which can be compiled easily on modern Unix systems (including GNU/

Linux).

Part II, Vim, describes Vim, the most popular vi clone in the early part of the 21st

century.

Chapter 9, Vim (vi Improved): An Introduction, provides a general introduction to Vim,

including where to get binary versions for popular operating systems and some of the

different ways to use Vim.

Chapter 10, Major Vim Improvements over vi, describes the major improvements in

Vim over vi, such as built-in help, control over initialization, additional motion com-

mands, and extended regular expressions.

Chapter 11, Multiple Windows in Vim, focuses on multiwindow editing, which is per-

haps the most significant additional feature over standard vi. This chapter provides all

the details on creating and using multiple windows.

Chapter 12, Vim Scripts, looks into the Vim command language, which lets you write

scripts to customize and tailor Vim to suit your needs. Much of Vim’s ease of use “out

of the box” comes from the large number of scripts that other users have already written

and contributed to the Vim distribution.

Chapter 13, Graphical Vim (gvim), looks at Vim in modern GUI environments, such

as those that are now standard on commercial Unix systems, GNU/Linux and other

Unix work-alikes, and MS Windows.

Chapter 14, Vim Enhancements for Programmers, focuses on Vim’s use as a program-

mer’s editor, above and beyond its facilities for general text editing. Of particular value

are the folding and outlining facilities, smart indenting, syntax highlighting, and edit-

compile-debug cycle speedups.

Chapter 15, Other Cool Stuff in Vim, is a bit of a catch-all chapter, covering a number

of interesting points that don’t fit into the earlier chapters.

Part III, Other vi Clones, describes three other popular vi clones: nvi, elvis, and vile.

Chapter 16, nvi: New vi, Chapter 17, Elvis, and Chapter 18, vile: vi Like Emacs, cover

the various vi clones—nvi, elvis, and vile—showing you how to use their extensions

to vi and discussing the features that are specific to each one.

Part IV, Appendixes, provides useful reference material.

xiv | Preface

Appendix A, The vi, ex, and Vim Editors, lists all vi and ex commands, sorted by func-

tion. It also provides an alphabetical list of ex commands. Selected vi and ex commands

from Vim are also included.

Appendix B, Setting Options, lists set command options for vi and for all four clones.

Appendix C, Problem Checklists, consolidates checklists found earlier in the book.

Appendix D, vi and the Internet, describes vi’s place in the larger Unix and Internet

culture.

How the Material Is Presented

Our philosophy is to give you a good overview of what we feel are vi survival materials

for the new user. Learning a new editor, especially an editor with all the options of

vi, can seem like an overwhelming task. We have made an effort to present basic con-

cepts and commands in an easy-to-read and logical manner.

After providing the basics for vi, which are usable everywhere, we move on to cover

Vim in depth. We then round out our coverage of the vi landscape by looking at nvi,

elvis, and vile. The following sections describe the conventions used in this book.

Discussion of vi Commands

A picture of a keyboard button, like the one on the left, marks the main discussion

of that particular keyboard command or of related commands. You will find a

brief introduction to the main concept before it is broken down into task-oriented

sections. We then present the appropriate command to use in each case, along with a

description of the command and the proper syntax for using it.

Conventions

In syntax descriptions and examples, what you would actually type is shown in the

Courier font, as are all command names. Filenames are also shown in Courier, as are

program options. Variables (which you would not type literally, but would replace with

an actual value when you type the command) are shown in Courier italic. Brackets

indicate that a variable is optional. For example, in the syntax line:

vi [filename]

filename would be replaced by an actual filename. The brackets indicate that the vi

command can be invoked without specifying a filename at all. The brackets themselves

are not typed.

Preface | xv

Certain examples show the effect of commands typed at the Unix shell prompt. In such

examples, what you actually type is shown in Courier Bold, to distinguish it from the

system response. For example:

$ ls

ch01.xml ch02.xml ch03.xml ch04.xml

In code examples, italic indicates a comment that is not to be typed. Otherwise, italic

introduces special terms and emphasizes anything that needs emphasis.

Following traditional Unix documentation convention, references of the form

printf(3) refer to the online manual (accessed via the man command). This example refers

to the entry for the printf( ) function in section 3 of the manual (you would type man

3 printf on most systems to see it).

Keystrokes

Special keystrokes are shown in a box. For example:

iWith a ESC

Throughout the book, you will also find columns of vi commands and their results:

Keystrokes Results

"practice" [New file] 6 lines, 320 characters

Give the write and save command, ZZ. Your file is saved as a regular Unix file.

In the preceding example, the command ZZ is shown in the left column. In the window

to the right is a line (or several lines) of the screen that show the result of the command.

Cursor position is shown in reverse video. In this instance, since ZZ saves and writes

the file, you see the status line shown when a file is written; the cursor position is not

shown. Below the window is an explanation of the command and its result.

Sometimes vi commands are issued by pressing the CTRL key and another key si-

multaneously. In the text, this combination keystroke is usually written within a box

(for example, CTRL-G). In code examples, it is written by preceding the name of the

key with a caret (^). For example, ^G means to hold down CTRL while pressing the

G key.

Problem Checklist

A problem checklist is included in those sections where you may run into some trouble.

You can skim these checklists and go back to them when you actually encounter a

problem. All of the problem checklists are also collected in Appendix C, for ease of

reference.

xvi | Preface

and find quick answers when you need the most accurate, current information. Try it

for free at http://safari.oreilly.com.

About the Previous Editions

In the fifth edition of this book (then called Learning the vi Editor), the ex editor com-

mands were first discussed more fully. In Chapters 5, 6, and 7, the complex features of

ex and vi were clarified by adding more examples, in topics such as regular expression

syntax, global replacement, .exrc files, word abbreviations, keyboard maps, and edit-

ing scripts. A few of the examples were drawn from articles in Unix World magazine.

Walter Zintz wrote a two-part tutorial

on vi that taught us a few things we didn’t

know, and that also had a lot of clever examples illustrating features we did already

cover in the book. Ray Swartz also had a helpful tip in one of his columns.

†

We are

grateful for the ideas in these articles.

The sixth edition of Learning the vi Editor introduced coverage of four freely available

“clones,” or work-alike editors. Many of them have improvements over the original

vi. One could thus say that there is a “family” of vi editors, and the book’s goal was

to teach you what you need to know to use them. That edition treated nvi, Vim,

elvis, and vile equally.

The sixth edition also added the following features:

• Many minor corrections and additions were made to the basic text.

• For each chapter where appropriate, a command summary was added at the end.

• New chapters covered each vi clone, the features and/or extensions common to

two or more of the clones, and multiwindow editing.

• The chapters for each vi clone described a bit of that program’s history and goals,

its unique features, and where to get it.

• A new appendix described vi’s place in the larger Unix and Internet culture.

Preface to the Seventh Edition

This seventh edition of Learning the vi and Vim Editors retains all the good features of

the sixth edition. Time has proven Vim to be the most popular vi clone, so this edition

adds considerably expanded coverage of that editor (and gives it a place in the title).

However, to be relevant for as many users as possible, we have retained and updated

the material on nvi, elvis, and vile.

“vi Tips for Power Users,” Unix World, April 1990; and “Using vi to Automate Complex Edits,” Unix

World, May 1990. Both articles by Walter Zintz. (See Appendix D for the web location of these articles.)

†

“Answers to Unix,” Unix World, August 1990.

xviii | Preface

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