探索Scalatra框架：构建高效的RESTful API

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"Scalatra in Action 是一本由 Dave Hrycyszyn、Stefan Ollinger 和 Ross A. Baker 合著的书籍，由 Manning 出版社于2016年出版。这本书深入介绍了Scalatra框架，它是基于Scala语言的轻量级Web框架，受到了Sinatra模式的启发。全书详细阐述了Scalatra的核心概念，包括请求路由、输入处理、动作和HTTP响应，以及更高级的主题，如数据访问、负载处理、异步编程、应用安全、RESTful API的设计与文档化，以及实时Web编程。" 在《Scalatra in Action》中，读者将了解到： 1. **请求路由**：Scalatra允许开发者使用简洁的DSL定义URL到特定处理函数的映射，使得路由配置清晰易懂。 2. **输入处理**：书中会讲解如何处理HTTP请求中的各种参数，包括查询字符串、路径参数、POST数据等，并讨论了验证和过滤输入的重要性。 3. **动作与HTTP响应**：Scalatra的动作是处理请求的核心，它们定义了应用程序的行为。同时，书中会介绍如何构建并返回不同类型的HTTP响应，包括文本、HTML、JSON等。 4. **数据访问**：作者会讨论如何与数据库交互，可能涵盖ORM工具如Slick的使用，以及事务管理和数据持久化的策略。 5. **负载处理**：对于高并发场景，书中有应对大量请求的策略，如线程池管理、请求队列以及负载均衡。 6. **异步编程**：Scalatra支持非阻塞I/O，使得处理大量并发请求成为可能。这部分内容会讲解如何利用Scala的Future和Promise来实现异步操作。 7. **应用安全**：书中的安全章节会涉及认证、授权、防止XSS和CSRF攻击等Web应用安全实践。 8. **RESTful API设计与文档化**：遵循REST原则创建API，以及使用工具如Swagger进行API的自动化文档化。 9. **实时Web编程**：介绍WebSocket或其他实时通信技术，用于构建交互性强的应用，如聊天室或实时数据更新。通过阅读《Scalatra in Action》，开发者不仅可以掌握Scalatra框架的使用，还能深入了解Web开发的最佳实践，提升构建高效、安全、可扩展的Scala Web应用的能力。

about this book

Scalatra is an incredibly easy way to start building HTTP applications. A small but ded-

icated base of coders uses it, but the interesting thing is that it has a huge total user

base: from

BBC, Tesco, and McLaren data systems to Box.com, IGN, and Netflix APIs,

this little framework has a reach that’s out of proportion to its developer numbers.

Written by three long-time Scalatra contributors, Scalatra in Action takes Scalatra devel-

opment out of the realm of relatively elite coders and shows a wider audience the sim-

plicity, scalability, and ease of use that have made Scalatra the framework of choice for

big organizations doing weird and wonderful things with

HTTP.

Roadmap

The book is divided into three parts:

■

Part 1 starts with core Scalatra functionality. Chapter 1 gives you a brief taste of

what it’s like to build an application with Scalatra, and you’ll write a small sam-

ple application. Chapter 2 provides a broader overview of Scalatra develop-

ment, and chapters 3 and 4 cover the two core Scalatra concepts—defining

HTTP routes and executing actions on HTTP input—in more detail.

■

Part 2 deals with common development tasks that aren’t necessarily part of the

Scalatra core framework. You’ll learn how to integrate with external libraries

to extend Scalatra’s core capabilities. Chapter 5 deals with

JSON handling.

Chapter 6 demonstrates how to handle file uploads and serve files to clients,

and chapter 7 goes into the details of

HTML templating. Chapters 8 and 9

ABOUT THIS BOOK

xvi

cover testing and application deployment, and then chapter 10 explores data

storage and querying.

■

Part 3 takes on advanced topics. Chapter 11 deals with securing your applica-

tion using

HTTP sessions and authentication strategies. Chapter 12 discusses

asynchronous programming, demonstrating how to use Scala’s advanced sup-

port for concurrent programming. Finally, chapter 13 shows you how to build,

secure, and document your

APIs using the Swagger framework, which has

become the world’s most popular way to represent

REST APIs.

There’s also an appendix, which walks you through a full development setup includ-

ing installation, code generation, building and running code, and setting up your

favorite

IDE.

Who should read this book?

Readers of this book should be familiar with an object-oriented programming lan-

guage such as Java, Ruby, Python, C#, or Scala. We don’t expect that you have a lot

of previous Scala (or Java) experience. We try to provide a gentle introduction to the

Scala language at the same time we’re explaining how to do

HTTP development

using Scalatra.

We assume that you have a basic familiarity with standard web programming con-

cepts (

HTTP requests and responses, basic database knowledge) and that you want to

learn how to do web coding in Scala. This isn’t a general introduction to program-

ming. It’s also not a book on the Scala language. See Scala in Action by Nilanjan Ray-

chaudhuri (Manning, 2013) for a good introductory text on Scala.

Code conventions

This book provides full example listings, which include everything you should need to

learn Scalatra. Source code in listings or in text is in a

fixed-width

font

this

separate it from ordinary text. Scala method names, component parameters, object

properties, and

XML elements and attributes in text are also presented using

fixed-

width

font

When it’s written down, code can be verbose. In many cases, the original source

code (available online) has been reformatted; we’ve added line breaks and reworked

indentation to accommodate the available page space in the book. In rare cases, even

this wasn’t enough, and listings include line-continuation markers. Additionally, com-

ments in the source code have often been removed from the listings when the code is

described in the text. Code annotations accompany some of the source code listings,

highlighting important concepts.

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