OpenStack Kilo安装指南

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"openstack installation guide for kilo" OpenStack是一个开源的云计算平台，它提供了构建、部署和管理云基础设施的各种服务。Kilo是OpenStack的一个版本，发布于2015年9月23日，针对Red Hat Enterprise Linux、CentOS以及Fedora操作系统提供了详细的安装指南。在OpenStack Kilo版本中，主要包含了以下关键项目： 1. **Compute (Nova)**：这是OpenStack的核心组件，负责虚拟机实例的生命周期管理，包括创建、调度、启动、停止和删除虚拟机。 2. **Identity Service (Keystone)**：提供认证、授权和目录服务，是OpenStack服务之间的身份验证中心。 3. **Networking (Neutron)**：提供网络连接和隔离功能，支持多种网络模型，如Flat、VLAN、GRE等。 4. **Image Service (Glance)**：用于存储和检索虚拟机镜像，支持多种格式，如QCOW2、RAW等。 5. **Block Storage (Cinder)**：提供可扩展的块级存储服务，用于虚拟机磁盘。 6. **Object Storage (Swift)**：设计用于存储大量非结构化数据，如文件、图片和视频。 7. **Telemetry (Ceilometer)**：收集并记录OpenStack云中的各种度量数据，如资源使用情况和性能指标。 8. **Orchestration (Heat)**：基于模板的编排服务，可以自动化部署和管理复杂的云环境。 9. **Database (Trove)**：数据库即服务，允许用户在OpenStack云中轻松部署和管理数据库实例。安装OpenStack Kilo时，用户可以通过Fedora 21、Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7及其通过EPEL仓库提供的衍生版获取软件包。指南提供了详细的安装步骤，涵盖了配置选项的解释和示例配置文件，帮助用户根据自身需求选择单独安装或集成这些服务。遵循该指南，用户首先需要准备一个支持OpenStack的基线操作系统，并安装必要的依赖库。然后，按照特定的顺序安装和配置各个OpenStack组件。这通常包括设置Keystone作为初始服务，配置网络环境，安装Nova以管理计算资源，接着安装Glance来处理镜像服务，再安装Neutron以提供网络连接，最后根据需要添加其他服务，如Cinder、Swift、Ceilometer、Heat和Trove。在配置过程中，用户可能需要自定义配置文件以适应特定的硬件环境或满足特定的安全要求。指南通常会提供如何修改这些配置文件的指导，以及如何启动和测试各个服务以确保它们正常工作。 OpenStack Kilo版本的安装指南是一份全面的文档，对于想要在Linux环境下部署OpenStack云平台的管理员来说，是一份宝贵的参考资料。它不仅涵盖了基础安装，还涉及到了高级功能和最佳实践，旨在帮助用户构建稳定、安全且可扩展的云基础设施。

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OpenStack Installation Guide for

Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS,

and Fedora

September 23, 2015 kilo

Figure1.6.Minimal architecture example with legacy networking (nova-

network)—Network layout

OpenStack Installation Guide for

Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS,

and Fedora

September 23, 2015 kilo

2. Basic environment

Table of Contents

Before you begin .......................................................................................................... 11

Security ......................................................................................................................... 12

Networking ................................................................................................................... 13

Network Time Protocol (NTP) ........................................................................................ 25

OpenStack packages ..................................................................................................... 27

SQL database ................................................................................................................ 28

Message queue ............................................................................................................. 30

Note

The trunk version of this guide focuses on the future Kilo release and will not

work for the current Juno release. If you want to install Juno, you must use the

Juno version of this guide instead.

This chapter explains how to configure each node in the example architectures including

the two-node architecture with legacy networking and three-node architecture with Open-

Stack Networking (neutron).

Note

Although most environments include Identity, Image service, Compute, at least

one networking service, and the dashboard, the Object Storage service can op-

erate independently. If your use case only involves Object Storage, you can skip

to Chapter9, “Add Object Storage” [110] after configuring the appropriate

nodes for it. However, the dashboard requires at least the Image service and

Compute.

Note

You must use an account with administrative privileges to configure each node.

Either run the commands as the root user or configure the sudo utility.

Before you begin

For best performance, we recommend that your environment meets or exceeds the hard-

ware requirements in Figure1.2, “Minimal architecture example with OpenStack Network-

ing (neutron)—Hardware requirements” [4] or Figure1.5, “Minimal architecture example

with legacy networking (nova-network)—Hardware requirements” [8]. However, Open-

Stack does not require a significant amount of resources and the following minimum re-

quirements should support a proof-of-concept environment with core services and several

CirrOS instances:

• Controller Node: 1 processor, 2 GB memory, and 5 GB storage

OpenStack Installation Guide for

Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS,

and Fedora

September 23, 2015 kilo

• Network Node: 1 processor, 512 MB memory, and 5 GB storage

• Compute Node: 1 processor, 2 GB memory, and 10 GB storage

To minimize clutter and provide more resources for OpenStack, we recommend a minimal

installation of your Linux distribution. Also, we strongly recommend that you install a 64-

bit version of your distribution on at least the compute node. If you install a 32-bit version

of your distribution on the compute node, attempting to start an instance using a 64-bit im-

age will fail.

Note

A single disk partition on each node works for most basic installations. Howev-

er, you should consider Logical Volume Manager (LVM) for installations with op-

tional services such as Block Storage.

Many users build their test environments on virtual machines (VMs). The primary benefits of

VMs include the following:

• One physical server can support multiple nodes, each with almost any number of net-

work interfaces.

• Ability to take periodic "snap shots" throughout the installation process and "roll back" to

a working configuration in the event of a problem.

However, VMs will reduce performance of your instances, particularly if your hypervisor

and/or processor lacks support for hardware acceleration of nested VMs.

Note

If you choose to install on VMs, make sure your hypervisor permits promiscuous

mode and disables MAC address filtering on the external network.

For more information about system requirements, see the OpenStack Operations Guide.

Security

OpenStack services support various security methods including password, policy, and en-

cryption. Additionally, supporting services including the database server and message bro-

ker support at least password security.

To ease the installation process, this guide only covers password security where applicable.

You can create secure passwords manually, generate them using a tool such as pwgen, or

by running the following command:

$ openssl rand -hex 10

For OpenStack services, this guide uses SERVICE_PASS to reference service account pass-

words and SERVICE_DBPASS to reference database passwords.

The following table provides a list of services that require passwords and their associated

references in the guide:

OpenStack Installation Guide for

Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS,

and Fedora

September 23, 2015 kilo

Table2.1.Passwords

Password name Description

Database password (no variable used) Root password for the database

ADMIN_PASS Password of user admin

CEILOMETER_DBPASS Database password for the Telemetry service

CEILOMETER_PASS Password of Telemetry service user ceilometer

CINDER_DBPASS Database password for the Block Storage service

CINDER_PASS Password of Block Storage service user cinder

DASH_DBPASS Database password for the dashboard

DEMO_PASS Password of user demo

GLANCE_DBPASS Database password for Image service

GLANCE_PASS Password of Image service user glance

HEAT_DBPASS Database password for the Orchestration service

HEAT_DOMAIN_PASS Password of Orchestration domain

HEAT_PASS Password of Orchestration service user heat

KEYSTONE_DBPASS Database password of Identity service

NEUTRON_DBPASS Database password for the Networking service

NEUTRON_PASS Password of Networking service user neutron

NOVA_DBPASS Database password for Compute service

NOVA_PASS Password of Compute service user nova

RABBIT_PASS Password of user guest of RabbitMQ

SAHARA_DBPASS Database password of Data processing service

SWIFT_PASS Password of Object Storage service user swift

TROVE_DBPASS Database password of Database service

TROVE_PASS Password of Database service user trove

OpenStack and supporting services require administrative privileges during installation and

operation. In some cases, services perform modifications to the host that can interfere with

deployment automation tools such as Ansible, Chef, and Puppet. For example, some Open-

Stack services add a root wrapper to sudo that can interfere with security policies. See the

Cloud Administrator Guide for more information. Also, the Networking service assumes de-

fault values for kernel network parameters and modifies firewall rules. To avoid most issues

during your initial installation, we recommend using a stock deployment of a supported dis-

tribution on your hosts. However, if you choose to automate deployment of your hosts, re-

view the configuration and policies applied to them before proceeding further.

Networking

After installing the operating system on each node for the architecture that you choose to

deploy, you must configure the network interfaces. We recommend that you disable any

automated network management tools and manually edit the appropriate configuration

files for your distribution. For more information on how to configure networking on your

distribution, see the documentation.

All nodes require Internet access for administrative purposes such as package installation,

security updates, DNS, and NTP. In most cases, nodes should obtain Internet access through

the management network interface. To highlight the importance of network separation,

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OpenStack Kilo安装指南

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