He went out, no hat on.
③ 独立主格结构用法:
a.表示间:
The shower being over, we went on our way. (When the shower was over, we…)
b.表原因:
All flights having been canceled because of the storm, we decided to take the
train. (Because all flights had been canceled because of the storm, we…)
c.表条件:
Weather permitting, I’ll come to see you. (If weather permits, I’ll…)
d.表伴随:
A large fish was slowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and
forth like the pendulum of a clock. (钟摆)
( A large fish …,and its tail was swinging …)
e.同位语(表示对前面名词作进一步解释)
I have two sisters, one being a teacher, the other (being) a nurse. (I have …, one
is a teacher, and the other is a nurse.)
由此可见,独立主格结构和状语从句可互相转换,方法是首先在独立结构
前加上相应的连词,其次把独立结构中的分词转变为谓语动词,反之亦然。
④ 独立主格结构特点:
a.不是句子(因为它由逻辑主语+分词短语构成,分词短语属于非谓语动词)
b.在句中作状语(是分词作状语的一个特例)
c.两边主语不一致(即分词逻辑主语和句子主语不一致)
⑤ 独立主格结构的做题步骤
先看例题:
__, we have to adopt new measures to solve the prolem.
A.So is the situation B. That being the case
C. That is the case D. The situation is so
分析:由题干可看出,横线中要填的句子内容和句子 we…似乎为两并列句,
但从句意上判断,表面上的两并列句其实隐含着某些方面的主从关系,表原
因或条件,但却没有表原因的连词 because, since, as 或 so, 也没有表条件的
if,所 以横 线上要填的应是一成份 ,不是句子,故选 B 选项。 ( 相 当于
Because/ If that is the case, we…)
所以独立主格结构作题步骤
a.表面上看似并列句;
b.从语意上判断却有着某些方面的主从关系;
c.没有表示主从关系的连词;
II.动名词(Gerund)
动名词是一种非谓语动词,它的形式与现在分词相同,具有名词和动词的某
些特征,它可以带宾语、状语等构成动名词短语,在句中不能单独作谓语。