IEEE 802.3bz：2.5Gbps与5Gbps以太网标准

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"IEEE 802.3bz标准详细介绍了在2.5 Gbps和5 Gbps速率下的媒体访问控制参数、物理层以及管理参数，主要涉及2.5GBASE-T和5GBASE-T两种类型。这个标准是IEEE LAN/MAN标准委员会赞助的，并对2015年版的IEEE 802.3标准进行了修订，同时考虑了多个相关子标准的影响。" IEEE 802.3bz是一个重要的标准，它扩展了以太网的传输速度，以适应现代网络中不断增长的数据需求。这个标准的主要目标是提供在现有铜线基础设施上实现更快的数据传输速率的可能性，尤其是对于那些无法或不适宜进行光纤升级的环境。 2.5GBASE-T和5GBASE-T是IEEE 802.3bz标准定义的两个关键速率类型。2.5GBASE-T允许在常见的Cat.5e、Cat.6和Cat.6a类双绞线电缆上实现2.5Gbps的传输速度，而5GBASE-T则在相同类型的电缆上提供5Gbps的速度。这两种技术的引入，使得用户可以在无需更换现有网络布线的情况下提升网络性能，降低了升级成本。该标准包括了媒体访问控制（MAC）参数的定义，这些参数决定了如何在共享介质上有效地分配和管理数据传输。物理层（PHY）部分详细描述了信号编码、调制、电气接口和物理连接器等硬件要求，确保数据在铜线上稳定且高效地传输。此外，管理参数部分规定了设备如何识别、配置和诊断网络问题，以保持网络的稳定运行。 IEEE 802.3bz标准还涵盖了与之前版本的IEEE 802.3标准的兼容性问题，包括IEEE Std 802.3bw、802.3by、802.3bq、802.3bp、802.3br和802.3bn。这些标准分别涉及不同速率的以太网技术，如Wi-Fi（802.11ac/ax）、短距离高速通信（400BASE-T）以及针对不同应用环境的优化。 IEEE 802.3bz标准对于现代网络的升级和扩展至关重要，它推动了以太网技术的发展，使得用户能够在现有基础设施上享受到更高的带宽，满足大数据时代对网络速度和容量的需求。无论是企业网络、数据中心还是家庭宽带，这一标准都提供了极具价值的解决方案。

IEEE Std 802.3bz-2016

Amendment 7: Media Access Control Parameters, Physical Layers, and Management Parameters

for 2.5 Gb/s and 5 Gb/s Operation

125.1.4 Physical Layer signaling systems ..................................................................................... 56

125.2 Summary of 2.5 Gigabit and 5 Gigabit Ethernet sublayers ........................................................ 57

125.2.1 Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) and Media Independent Interface ..................................... 57

125.2.2 Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) ...................................................................................... 57

125.2.3 Physical Medium Attachment sublayer (PMA)................................................................ 57

125.2.4 Auto-Negotiation, type BASE-T ...................................................................................... 58

125.2.5 Management interface (MDIO/MDC) .............................................................................. 58

125.2.6 Management...................................................................................................................... 58

125.3 Delay Constraints........................................................................................................................ 58

126. Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS), Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer, and baseband

medium, types 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T ..................................................................................... 59

126.1 Overview..................................................................................................................................... 59

126.1.1 Nomenclature.................................................................................................................... 59

126.1.2 Relationship of 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T to other standards................................... 59

126.1.3 Operation of 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T..................................................................... 60

126.1.3.1 Summary of Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) ....................................................... 64

126.1.3.2 Summary of Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer................................. 64

126.1.3.3 Summary of EEE capability ................................................................................... 65

126.1.4 Signaling ........................................................................................................................... 66

126.1.5 Interfaces........................................................................................................................... 66

126.1.6 Conventions in this clause ................................................................................................ 67

126.2 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T service primitives and interfaces ............................................... 67

126.2.1 Technology Dependent Interface...................................................................................... 67

126.2.1.1 PMA_LINK.request................................................................................................ 67

126.2.1.1.1 Semantics of the primitive .............................................................................. 67

126.2.1.1.2 When generated .............................................................................................. 68

126.2.1.1.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................................................. 68

126.2.1.2 PMA_LINK.indication ........................................................................................... 68

126.2.1.2.1 Semantics of the primitive .............................................................................. 68

126.2.1.2.2 When generated .............................................................................................. 68

126.2.1.2.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................................................. 68

126.2.2 PMA service interface ...................................................................................................... 68

126.2.2.1 PMA_TXMODE.indication.................................................................................... 70

126.2.2.1.1 Semantics of the primitive .............................................................................. 70

126.2.2.1.2 When generated .............................................................................................. 70

126.2.2.1.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................................................. 70

126.2.2.2 PMA_CONFIG.indication...................................................................................... 70

126.2.2.2.1 Semantics of the primitive .............................................................................. 70

126.2.2.2.2 When generated .............................................................................................. 70

126.2.2.2.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................................................. 71

126.2.2.3 PMA_UNITDATA.request..................................................................................... 71

126.2.2.3.1 Semantics of the primitive .............................................................................. 71

126.2.2.3.2 When generated .............................................................................................. 71

126.2.2.3.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................................................. 71

126.2.2.4 PMA_UNITDATA.indication ................................................................................ 71

126.2.2.4.1 Semantics of the primitive .............................................................................. 72

126.2.2.4.2 When generated .............................................................................................. 72

126.2.2.4.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................................................. 72

126.2.2.5 PMA_SCRSTATUS.request................................................................................... 72

126.2.2.5.1 Semantics of the primitive .............................................................................. 72

126.2.2.5.2 When generated .............................................................................................. 72

126.2.2.5.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................................................. 72

IEEE Std 802.3bz-2016

Amendment 7: Media Access Control Parameters, Physical Layers, and Management Parameters

for 2.5 Gb/s and 5 Gb/s Operation

126.2.2.6 PMA_PCSSTATUS.request................................................................................... 72

126.2.2.6.1 Semantics of the primitive .............................................................................. 72

126.2.2.6.2 When generated .............................................................................................. 73

126.2.2.6.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................................................. 73

126.2.2.7 PMA_RXSTATUS.indication ................................................................................ 73

126.2.2.7.1 Semantics of the primitive .............................................................................. 73

126.2.2.7.2 When generated .............................................................................................. 73

126.2.2.7.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................................................. 73

126.2.2.8 PMA_REMRXSTATUS.request............................................................................ 73

126.2.2.8.1 Semantics of the primitive .............................................................................. 73

126.2.2.8.2 When generated .............................................................................................. 74

126.2.2.8.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................................................. 74

126.2.2.9 PMA_ALERTDETECT.indication......................................................................... 74

126.2.2.9.1 Semantics of the primitive .............................................................................. 74

126.2.2.9.2 When generated .............................................................................................. 74

126.2.2.9.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................................................. 74

126.2.2.10 PCS_RX_LPI_STATUS.request ............................................................................ 74

126.2.2.10.1 Semantics of the primitive .............................................................................. 74

126.2.2.10.2 When generated .............................................................................................. 75

126.2.2.10.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................................................. 75

126.2.2.11 PMA_PCSDATAMODE.indication....................................................................... 75

126.2.2.11.1 Semantics of the primitive .............................................................................. 75

126.2.2.11.2 When generated .............................................................................................. 75

126.2.2.11.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................................................. 75

126.2.2.12 PMA_FR_ACTIVE.indication ............................................................................... 75

126.2.2.12.1 Semantics of the primitive .............................................................................. 75

126.2.2.12.2 When generated .............................................................................................. 76

126.2.2.12.3 Effect of receipt .............................................................................................. 76

126.3 Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) ................................................................................................ 76

126.3.1 PCS service interface (XGMII) ........................................................................................ 76

126.3.2 PCS functions ................................................................................................................... 76

126.3.2.1 PCS Reset function ................................................................................................. 77

126.3.2.2 PCS Transmit function............................................................................................ 78

126.3.2.2.1 Use of blocks .................................................................................................. 79

126.3.2.2.2 65B-LDPC transmission code ........................................................................ 79

126.3.2.2.3 Notation conventions ...................................................................................... 79

126.3.2.2.4 Transmission order ......................................................................................... 79

126.3.2.2.5 Block structure................................................................................................ 79

126.3.2.2.6 Control codes .................................................................................................. 82

126.3.2.2.7 Ordered sets .................................................................................................... 82

126.3.2.2.8 Idle (/I/)...........................................................................................................82

126.3.2.2.9 LPI (/LI/)......................................................................................................... 84

126.3.2.2.10 Start (/S/).........................................................................................................84

126.3.2.2.11 Terminate (/T/)................................................................................................ 84

126.3.2.2.12 ordered set (/O/) .............................................................................................. 84

126.3.2.2.13 Error (/E/)........................................................................................................ 85

126.3.2.2.14 Transmit process ............................................................................................. 85

126.3.2.2.15 PCS Scrambler................................................................................................ 85

126.3.2.2.16 LDPC framing and LDPC encoder................................................................. 85

126.3.2.2.17 Substitution for zero-bit fill ............................................................................ 86

126.3.2.2.18 PAM16 bit mapping........................................................................................ 86

126.3.2.2.19 EEE capability ................................................................................................ 87

126.3.2.3 PCS Receive function ............................................................................................. 88

126.3.2.3.1 Frame and block synchronization ................................................................... 89

IEEE Std 802.3bz-2016

Amendment 7: Media Access Control Parameters, Physical Layers, and Management Parameters

for 2.5 Gb/s and 5 Gb/s Operation

126.3.2.3.2 PCS descrambler............................................................................................. 90

126.3.2.3.3 Invalid blocks.................................................................................................. 90

126.3.3 Test-pattern generators ..................................................................................................... 91

126.3.4 PMA training side-stream scrambler polynomials ........................................................... 91

126.3.4.1 Generation of bits San, Sbn, Scn, Sdn .................................................................... 92

126.3.4.2 Generation of 4D symbols TAn, TBn, TCn, TDn .................................................. 92

126.3.4.3 PMA training mode descrambler polynomials ....................................................... 93

126.3.5 LPI signaling..................................................................................................................... 93

126.3.5.1 LPI Synchronization ............................................................................................... 94

126.3.5.2 Quiet period signaling............................................................................................. 95

126.3.5.3 Refresh period signaling ......................................................................................... 95

126.3.6 Detailed functions and state diagrams .............................................................................. 95

126.3.6.1 State diagram conventions ...................................................................................... 95

126.3.6.2 State diagram parameters........................................................................................ 96

126.3.6.2.1 Constants......................................................................................................... 96

126.3.6.2.2 Variables ......................................................................................................... 96

126.3.6.2.3 Timers ............................................................................................................. 98

126.3.6.2.4 Functions......................................................................................................... 99

126.3.6.2.5 Counters........................................................................................................ 100

126.3.6.3 State diagrams....................................................................................................... 101

126.3.7 PCS management............................................................................................................ 101

126.3.7.1 Status..................................................................................................................... 101

126.3.7.2 Counters................................................................................................................ 102

126.3.7.3 Loopback .............................................................................................................. 109

126.4 Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer........................................................................ 109

126.4.1 PMA functional specifications........................................................................................ 109

126.4.2 PMA functions................................................................................................................ 110

126.4.2.1 PMA Reset function.............................................................................................. 110

126.4.2.2 PMA Transmit function ........................................................................................ 110

126.4.2.2.1 Alert signal.................................................................................................... 110

126.4.2.2.2 Link failure signal......................................................................................... 112

126.4.2.3 PMA transmit disable function............................................................................. 112

126.4.2.3.1 Global PMA transmit disable function ......................................................... 112

126.4.2.3.2 PMA pair by pair transmit disable function.................................................. 112

126.4.2.3.3 PMA MDIO function mapping..................................................................... 112

126.4.2.4 PMA Receive function.......................................................................................... 113

126.4.2.5 PHY Control function........................................................................................... 114

126.4.2.5.1 Infofield notation .......................................................................................... 115

126.4.2.5.2 Start of Frame Delimiter............................................................................... 115

126.4.2.5.3 Current transmitter settings........................................................................... 115

126.4.2.5.4 Next transmitter settings ............................................................................... 116

126.4.2.5.5 Requested transmitter settings ...................................................................... 116

126.4.2.5.6 Message field ................................................................................................ 116

126.4.2.5.7 SNR_margin ................................................................................................. 117

126.4.2.5.8 Transition counter......................................................................................... 118

126.4.2.5.9 Coefficient exchange handshake .................................................................. 118

126.4.2.5.10 Ability fields ................................................................................................. 118

126.4.2.5.11 Reserved fields.............................................................................................. 118

126.4.2.5.12 Vendor-specific field .................................................................................... 118

126.4.2.5.13 Coefficient field ............................................................................................ 119

126.4.2.5.14 CRC16 .......................................................................................................... 119

126.4.2.5.15 Startup sequence ........................................................................................... 119

126.4.2.5.16 Fast retrain function...................................................................................... 122

126.4.2.6 Link Monitor function .......................................................................................... 123

IEEE Std 802.3bz-2016

Amendment 7: Media Access Control Parameters, Physical Layers, and Management Parameters

for 2.5 Gb/s and 5 Gb/s Operation

126.4.2.7 Refresh Monitor function...................................................................................... 123

126.4.2.8 Clock Recovery function ...................................................................................... 123

126.4.3 MDI................................................................................................................................. 123

126.4.3.1 MDI signals transmitted by the PHY.................................................................... 123

126.4.3.2 Signals received at the MDI.................................................................................. 125

126.4.4 Automatic MDI/MDI-X configuration ........................................................................... 125

126.4.5 State variables ................................................................................................................. 126

126.4.5.1 State diagram variables......................................................................................... 126

126.4.5.2 Timers ................................................................................................................... 129

126.4.5.3 Functions............................................................................................................... 130

126.4.5.4 Counters................................................................................................................ 130

126.4.6 State diagrams................................................................................................................. 131

126.4.6.1 PHY Control state diagram................................................................................... 131

126.4.6.2 Transition counter state diagrams ......................................................................... 132

126.4.6.3 Link Monitor state diagram .................................................................................. 134

126.4.6.4 EEE Refresh monitor state diagram...................................................................... 135

126.4.6.5 Fast retrain state diagram...................................................................................... 136

126.5 PMA electrical specifications ................................................................................................... 136

126.5.1 Isolation requirement ...................................................................................................... 136

126.5.2 Test modes ...................................................................................................................... 136

126.5.2.1 Test fixtures ..........................................................................................................139

126.5.3 Transmitter electrical specifications ............................................................................... 140

126.5.3.1 Maximum output droop ........................................................................................ 140

126.5.3.2 Transmitter nonlinear distortion ........................................................................... 141

126.5.3.3 Transmitter timing jitter........................................................................................ 141

126.5.3.4 Transmitter power spectral density (PSD) and power level ................................. 142

126.5.3.5 Transmit clock frequency ..................................................................................... 143

126.5.4 Receiver electrical specifications.................................................................................... 143

126.5.4.1 Receiver differential input signals ........................................................................ 143

126.5.4.2 Receiver frequency tolerance................................................................................ 143

126.5.4.3 Rejection of External EM Fields .......................................................................... 144

126.5.4.4 Alien crosstalk noise rejection.............................................................................. 144

126.6 Management interfaces ............................................................................................................. 145

126.6.1 Support for Auto-Negotiation......................................................................................... 145

126.6.1.1 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T use of registers during Auto-Negotiation ............ 145

126.6.1.2 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T Auto-Negotiation page use.................................. 146

126.6.1.3 Sending Next Pages .............................................................................................. 148

126.6.2 MASTER-SLAVE configuration resolution .................................................................. 148

126.7 Link segment characteristics..............................................................................................

....... 150

126.7.1 Cabling system characteristics........................................................................................ 151

126.7.2 Link segment transmission parameters........................................................................... 151

126.7.2.1 Insertion loss .........................................................................................................152

126.7.2.2 Differential characteristic impedance ................................................................... 152

126.7.2.3 Return loss ............................................................................................................152

126.7.2.4 Coupling parameters between duplex channels comprising one link segment .... 153

126.7.2.4.1 Differential near-end crosstalk...................................................................... 153

126.7.2.4.2 Multiple disturber near-end crosstalk (MDNEXT) loss ............................... 153

126.7.2.4.3 Multiple disturber power sum near-end crosstalk (PSNEXT) loss............... 154

126.7.2.4.4 Attenuation to crosstalk ratio, far-end (ACRF) ............................................ 154

126.7.2.4.5 Multiple disturber attenuation to crosstalk ratio, far-end (MDACRF)......... 155

126.7.2.4.6 Multiple disturber power sum attenuation to crosstalk ratio, far-end (PS

ACRF)........................................................................................................... 156

126.7.2.5 Maximum link delay............................................................................................. 156

126.7.2.6 Link delay skew .................................................................................................... 156

IEEE Std 802.3bz-2016

Amendment 7: Media Access Control Parameters, Physical Layers, and Management Parameters

for 2.5 Gb/s and 5 Gb/s Operation

126.7.3 Coupling parameters between link segments.................................................................. 156

126.7.3.1 Alien crosstalk limited signal-to-noise ratio criteria............................................. 156

126.8 MDI specification ..................................................................................................................... 162

126.8.1 MDI connectors .............................................................................................................. 162

126.8.2 MDI electrical specifications .......................................................................................... 163

126.8.2.1 MDI FEXT............................................................................................................ 163

126.8.2.2 MDI return loss..................................................................................................... 163

126.8.2.3 MDI impedance balance ....................................................................................... 163

126.8.2.4 MDI fault tolerance............................................................................................... 164

126.9 Environmental specifications.................................................................................................... 164

126.9.1 General safety ................................................................................................................. 164

126.9.2 Network safety................................................................................................................ 165

126.9.3 Installation and maintenance guidelines ......................................................................... 165

126.9.4 Telephone voltages ......................................................................................................... 165

126.9.5 Electromagnetic compatibility........................................................................................ 165

126.9.6 Temperature and humidity.............................................................................................. 166

126.10 PHY labeling............................................................................................................................. 166

126.11 Delay constraints....................................................................................................................... 166

126.12 Protocol implementation conformance statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 126—

Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS), Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer, and

baseband medium, types 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T ......................................................... 167

126.12.1 Identification................................................................................................................... 167

126.12.1.1 Implementation identification............................................................................... 167

126.12.1.2 Protocol summary ................................................................................................. 167

126.12.2 Major capabilities/options............................................................................................... 168

126.12.3 Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) .................................................................................... 168

126.12.3.1 PCS Transmit functions ........................................................................................ 168

126.12.3.2 PCS Receive functions.......................................................................................... 170

126.12.3.3 Other PCS functions ............................................................................................. 170

126.12.4 Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) ............................................................................ 170

126.12.5 PMA Electrical Specifications........................................................................................ 173

126.12.6 PMA Management Interface........................................................................................... 175

126.12.7 Characteristics of the link segment................................................................................. 176

126.12.8 MDI requirements........................................................................................................... 176

126.12.9 General safety and environmental requirements ............................................................ 177

126.12.10Timing requirements....................................................................................................... 177

Annex 28B (normative) IEEE 802.3 Selector Base Page definition .......................................................... 178

28B.3 Priority resolution .................................................................................................................... 178

Annex 28C (normative) Next Page Message Code field definitions.......................................................... 179

28C.11 Message code 9—MultiGBASE-T and 1000BASE-T technology message code............ 179

Annex 28D (normative) Description of extensions to Clause 28 and associated annexes ......................... 180

28D.9 Extensions required for Clause 126 (2.5G/5GBASE-T).......................................................... 180

Annex 31B (normative) MAC Control PAUSE operation ......................................................................... 181

31B.3 Detailed specification of PAUSE operation............................................................................. 181

31B.3.7 Timing considerations for PAUSE operation ................................................................. 181

31B.4 Protocol implementation conformance statement (PICS) proforma for MAC Control

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IEEE 802.3bz：2.5Gbps与5Gbps以太网标准

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