数据库管理系统原理与设计第三版解决方案全集

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"数据库管理系统原理与设计答案（第三版全部答案）" 本书是关于数据库管理系统原理与设计的解答回复手册，由Raghu Ramakrishnan、Johannes Gehrke以及Jeﬀ Derstadt、Scott Selikoﬀ和Lin Zhu等人合著，主要涵盖了数据库系统的基础知识和设计方法。书中内容丰富，包括了21个章节，覆盖了从数据库系统的基本概念到高级主题的广泛领域。 1. **介绍数据库系统**：这一章引入了数据库系统的概念，阐述了数据库在存储、管理和检索数据中的作用，以及它在各种应用中的重要性。 2. **数据库设计基础**：讲解了如何进行数据库设计，包括需求分析、概念设计、逻辑设计和物理设计的过程。 3. **关系模型**：详细介绍了关系模型，这是最常见的数据库模型，包括关系数据模型的基本概念，如关系、属性和元组。 4. **关系代数与谓词演算**：这部分介绍了用于查询和操作关系数据库的语言，包括关系代数和谓词演算，它们是理解数据库操作的基础。 5. **SQL：查询、约束与触发器**：讲解了SQL语言，包括如何编写查询、定义约束以及使用触发器来实现特定的行为。 6. **数据库应用开发**：讨论了如何构建数据库驱动的应用程序，涵盖了数据访问接口、事务处理和用户界面设计。 7. **互联网应用**：专注于Web应用程序中的数据库使用，探讨了动态网站和分布式数据库的设计挑战。 8. **存储和索引概述**：概述了数据的存储结构和索引技术，为后续深入学习存储和检索策略奠定基础。 9. **磁盘和文件存储**：深入讨论了磁盘存储的物理特性以及如何利用这些特性优化数据存储。 10. **树结构索引**：介绍了B树、B+树等树型索引结构，它们是数据库中常见的高效查找工具。 11. **哈希索引**：解释了哈希索引的工作原理，适用于快速查找和插入操作的场景。 12. **查询评估概述**：对查询执行的步骤进行了概述，包括解析、优化和执行。 13. **外部排序**：讲述了大数据量排序的算法，如外部排序，这是处理不能全部装入内存的数据时的关键技术。 14. **关系运算符的评估**：详细介绍了如何高效地执行关系运算，包括选择、投影、连接等。 15. **典型查询优化器**：介绍了查询优化器的角色，包括代价估计和生成执行计划。 16. **事务管理概览**：概述了事务的概念，包括ACID属性、事务的生命周期和并发控制的重要性。 17. **并发控制**：深入讨论了多用户环境下如何确保数据一致性，如锁定、两阶段提交等方法。 18. **崩溃恢复**：讲述了系统崩溃时如何通过日志恢复数据，确保数据完整性。 19. **模式细化和范式**：讲解了数据库设计中的规范化理论，包括第一范式（1NF）、第二范式（2NF）、第三范式（3NF）等。 20. **物理数据库设计与调优**：讨论了如何根据性能需求选择合适的存储结构和索引策略，以提高数据库性能。 21. **安全性**：介绍了数据库安全方面的内容，包括用户权限、访问控制和加密技术。这本书为学习数据库管理系统提供了全面的答案和深入的理解，是学生和专业人士研究数据库理论和技术的重要参考资料。通过学习这本书，读者可以掌握数据库系统的核心概念，并具备设计、实现和优化数据库系统的能力。

Introduction to Database Design 11

courseId

Course

Teaches

ssn

gid

Group

member_of

Professor

semester

Figure 2.6 ER Diagram for Exercise 2.2, Part 6

Professors have an SSN, a name, an age, a rank, and a research specialty.

Projects have a project number, a sponsor name (e.g., NSF), a starting date, an

ending date, and a budget.

Graduate students have an SSN, a name, an age, and a degree program (e.g., M.S.

or Ph.D.).

Each project is managed by one professor (known as the project’s principal inves-

tigator).

Each project is worked on by one or more professors (known as the project’s

co-investigators).

Professors can manage and/or work on multiple projects.

Each project is worked on by one or more graduate students (known as the

project’s research assistants).

When graduate students work on a project, a professor must supervise their work

on the project. Graduate students can work on multiple projects, in which case

they will have a (potentially diﬀerent) supervisor for each one.

Departments have a department number, a department name, and a main oﬃce.

Departments have a professor (known as the chairman) who runs the department.

12 Chapter 2

Professors work in one or more departments, and for each department that they

work in, a time percentage is associated with their job.

Graduate students have one major department in which they are working on their

degree.

Each graduate student has another, more senior graduate student (known as a

student advisor) who advises him or her on what courses to take.

Design and draw an ER diagram that captures the information about the university.

Use only the basic ER model here; that is, entities, relationships, and attributes. Be

sure to indicate any key and participation constraints.

Answer 2.3 The ER diagram is shown in Figure 2.7.

Exercise 2.4 A company database needs to store information about employees (iden-

tiﬁed by ssn,withsalary and phone as attributes), departments (identiﬁed by dno,

with dname and budget as attributes), and children of employees (with name and age

as attributes). Employees work in departments; each department is managed by an

employee; a child must be identiﬁed uniquely by name when the parent (who is an

employee; assume that only one parent works for the company) is known. We are not

interested in information about a child once the parent leaves the company.

Draw an ER diagram that captures this information.

Answer 2.4 The ER diagram is shown in Figure 2.8.

Exercise 2.5 Notown Records has decided to store information about musicians who

perform on its albums (as well as other company data) in a database. The company

has wisely chosen to hire you as a database designer (at your usual consulting fee of

$2500/day).

Each musician that records at Notown has an SSN, a name, an address, and

a phone number. Poorly paid musicians often share the same address, and no

address has more than one phone.

Each instrument used in songs recorded at Notown has a unique identiﬁcation

number, a name (e.g., guitar, synthesizer, ﬂute) and a musical key (e.g., C, B-ﬂat,

E-ﬂat).

Each album recorded on the Notown label has a unique identiﬁcation number, a

title, a copyright date, a format (e.g., CD or MC), and an album identiﬁer.

Each song recorded at Notown has a title and an author.

Introduction to Database Design 15

Each musician may play several instruments, and a given instrument may be

played by several musicians.

Each album has a number of songs on it, but no song may appear on more than

one album.

Each song is performed by one or more musicians, and a musician may perform a

number of songs.

Each album has exactly one musician who acts as its producer. A musician may

produce several albums, of course.

Design a conceptual schema for Notown and draw an ER diagram for your schema.

The preceding information describes the situation that the Notown database must

model. Be sure to indicate all key and cardinality constraints and any assumptions

you make. Identify any constraints you are unable to capture in the ER diagram and

brieﬂy explain why you could not express them.

Answer 2.5 The ER diagram is shown in Figure 2.9.

Exercise 2.6 Computer Sciences Department frequent ﬂiers have been complaining to

Dane County Airport oﬃcials about the poor organization at the airport. As a result,

the oﬃcials decided that all information related to the airport should be organized

using a DBMS, and you have been hired to design the database. Your ﬁrst task is

to organize the information about all the airplanes stationed and maintained at the

airport. The relevant information is as follows:

Every airplane has a registration number, and each airplane is of a speciﬁc model.

The airport accommodates a number of airplane models, and each model is iden-

tiﬁed by a model number (e.g., DC-10) and has a capacity and a weight.

A number of technicians work at the airport. You need to store the name, SSN,

address, phone number, and salary of each technician.

Each technician is an expert on one or more plane model(s), and his or her exper-

tise may overlap with that of other technicians. This information about technicians

must also be recorded.

Traﬃc controllers must have an annual medical examination. For each traﬃc

controller, you must store the date of the most recent exam.

All airport employees (including technicians) belong to a union. You must store

the union membership number of each employee. You can assume that each

employee is uniquely identiﬁed by a social security number.

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