深入学习Oracle数据库：11g Release 2 SQL语言参考

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Hierarchical Query Examples .......................................................................................................... 9-5

The UNION [ALL], INTERSECT, MINUS Operators ...................................................................... 9-8

Sorting Query Results ......................................................................................................................... 9-10

Joins ......................................................................................................................................................... 9-11

Join Conditions ............................................................................................................................... 9-11

Equijoins .......................................................................................................................................... 9-11

Self Joins .......................................................................................................................................... 9-12

Cartesian Products ......................................................................................................................... 9-12

Inner Joins ....................................................................................................................................... 9-12

Outer Joins ....................................................................................................................................... 9-12

Antijoins .......................................................................................................................................... 9-14

Semijoins .......................................................................................................................................... 9-14

Using Subqueries ................................................................................................................................. 9-14

Unnesting of Nested Subqueries ...................................................................................................... 9-15

Selecting from the DUAL Table ........................................................................................................ 9-16

Distributed Queries ............................................................................................................................. 9-16

10 SQL Statements: ALTER CLUSTER to ALTER JAVA

Types of SQL Statements .................................................................................................................... 10-1

Data Definition Language (DDL) Statements ............................................................................ 10-2

Data Manipulation Language (DML) Statements ..................................................................... 10-2

Transaction Control Statements ................................................................................................... 10-3

Session Control Statements ........................................................................................................... 10-3

System Control Statement ............................................................................................................. 10-3

Embedded SQL Statements .......................................................................................................... 10-3

How the SQL Statement Chapters are Organized ......................................................................... 10-4

ALTER CLUSTER ................................................................................................................................ 10-5

ALTER DATABASE ............................................................................................................................ 10-9

ALTER DATABASE LINK ............................................................................................................... 10-47

ALTER DIMENSION ........................................................................................................................ 10-49

ALTER DISKGROUP ........................................................................................................................ 10-52

ALTER FLASHBACK ARCHIVE .................................................................................................... 10-75

ALTER FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................... 10-78

ALTER INDEX .................................................................................................................................... 10-79

ALTER INDEXTYPE .......................................................................................................................... 10-98

ALTER JAVA .................................................................................................................................... 10-101

11 SQL Statements: ALTER LIBRARY to ALTER SYSTEM

ALTER LIBRARY .................................................................................................................................. 11-2

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW ....................................................................................................... 11-3

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ........................................................................................... 11-18

ALTER OPERATOR .......................................................................................................................... 11-25

ALTER OUTLINE .............................................................................................................................. 11-28

ALTER PACKAGE ............................................................................................................................. 11-30

ALTER PROCEDURE ........................................................................................................................ 11-31

ALTER PROFILE ................................................................................................................................ 11-32

ALTER RESOURCE COST ............................................................................................................... 11-35

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ALTER ROLE ...................................................................................................................................... 11-38

ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT ..................................................................................................... 11-40

ALTER SEQUENCE ........................................................................................................................... 11-43

ALTER SESSION ............................................................................................................................... 11-45

Initialization Parameters and ALTER SESSION....................................................................... 11-50

Session Parameters and ALTER SESSION ............................................................................... 11-51

ALTER SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 11-58

12 SQL Statements: ALTER TABLE to ALTER TABLESPACE

ALTER TABLE ...................................................................................................................................... 12-2

ALTER TABLESPACE ....................................................................................................................... 12-90

13 SQL Statements: ALTER TRIGGER to COMMIT

ALTER TRIGGER ................................................................................................................................ 13-2

ALTER TYPE ......................................................................................................................................... 13-4

ALTER USER ........................................................................................................................................ 13-5

ALTER VIEW ...................................................................................................................................... 13-12

ANALYZE ............................................................................................................................................ 13-15

ASSOCIATE STATISTICS .............................................................................................................. 13-23

AUDIT .................................................................................................................................................. 13-27

CALL ..................................................................................................................................................... 13-40

COMMENT ......................................................................................................................................... 13-44

COMMIT ............................................................................................................................................. 13-47

14 SQL Statements: CREATE CLUSTER to CREATE JAVA

CREATE CLUSTER .............................................................................................................................. 14-2

CREATE CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................ 14-9

CREATE CONTROLFILE ................................................................................................................. 14-12

CREATE DATABASE ........................................................................................................................ 14-19

CREATE DATABASE LINK ............................................................................................................ 14-31

CREATE DIMENSION ..................................................................................................................... 14-36

CREATE DIRECTORY ...................................................................................................................... 14-41

CREATE DISKGROUP ..................................................................................................................... 14-43

CREATE EDITION ............................................................................................................................ 14-51

CREATE FLASHBACK ARCHIVE ................................................................................................. 14-55

CREATE FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................ 14-58

CREATE INDEX ................................................................................................................................. 14-60

CREATE INDEXTYPE ....................................................................................................................... 14-87

CREATE JAVA .................................................................................................................................... 14-91

15 SQL Statements: CREATE LIBRARY to CREATE SPFILE

CREATE LIBRARY .............................................................................................................................. 15-2

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW .................................................................................................... 15-4

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ........................................................................................ 15-27

CREATE OPERATOR ....................................................................................................................... 15-35

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CREATE OUTLINE ............................................................................................................................ 15-38

CREATE PACKAGE .......................................................................................................................... 15-42

CREATE PACKAGE BODY ............................................................................................................. 15-44

CREATE PFILE ................................................................................................................................... 15-46

CREATE PROCEDURE ..................................................................................................................... 15-48

CREATE PROFILE ............................................................................................................................. 15-50

CREATE RESTORE POINT ............................................................................................................. 15-56

CREATE ROLE ................................................................................................................................... 15-59

CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT .................................................................................................. 15-62

CREATE SCHEMA ............................................................................................................................ 15-65

CREATE SEQUENCE ........................................................................................................................ 15-67

CREATE SPFILE ................................................................................................................................. 15-71

16 SQL Statements: CREATE SYNONYM to CREATE TRIGGER

CREATE SYNONYM ........................................................................................................................... 16-2

CREATE TABLE ................................................................................................................................... 16-6

CREATE TABLESPACE .................................................................................................................... 16-83

CREATE TRIGGER ........................................................................................................................... 16-98

17 SQL Statements: CREATE TYPE to DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT

CREATE TYPE ...................................................................................................................................... 17-3

CREATE TYPE BODY ......................................................................................................................... 17-5

CREATE USER ...................................................................................................................................... 17-7

CREATE VIEW ................................................................................................................................... 17-14

DELETE ................................................................................................................................................ 17-26

DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS ....................................................................................................... 17-34

DROP CLUSTER ................................................................................................................................ 17-36

DROP CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................... 17-38

DROP DATABASE ............................................................................................................................ 17-39

DROP DATABASE LINK ................................................................................................................. 17-40

DROP DIMENSION .......................................................................................................................... 17-41

DROP DIRECTORY .......................................................................................................................... 17-42

DROP DISKGROUP ......................................................................................................................... 17-43

DROP EDITION ................................................................................................................................. 17-45

DROP FLASHBACK ARCHIVE ..................................................................................................... 17-47

DROP FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................ 17-48

DROP INDEX....................................................................................................................................... 17-50

DROP INDEXTYPE ........................................................................................................................... 17-52

DROP JAVA ........................................................................................................................................ 17-53

DROP LIBRARY ................................................................................................................................. 17-54

DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW........................................................................................................ 17-55

DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ............................................................................................ 17-57

DROP OPERATOR ............................................................................................................................ 17-59

DROP OUTLINE ................................................................................................................................ 17-60

DROP PACKAGE .............................................................................................................................. 17-62

DROP PROCEDURE ......................................................................................................................... 17-64

DROP PROFILE .................................................................................................................................. 17-65

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DROP RESTORE POINT ................................................................................................................. 17-66

DROP ROLE ........................................................................................................................................ 17-67

DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT ...................................................................................................... 17-68

18 SQL Statements: DROP SEQUENCE to ROLLBACK

DROP SEQUENCE .............................................................................................................................. 18-2

DROP SYNONYM ............................................................................................................................... 18-3

DROP TABLE ........................................................................................................................................ 18-5

DROP TABLESPACE .......................................................................................................................... 18-9

DROP TRIGGER................................................................................................................................. 18-12

DROP TYPE ......................................................................................................................................... 18-13

DROP TYPE BODY ............................................................................................................................ 18-15

DROP USER ........................................................................................................................................ 18-16

DROP VIEW ........................................................................................................................................ 18-18

EXPLAIN PLAN .................................................................................................................................. 18-20

FLASHBACK DATABASE................................................................................................................ 18-24

FLASHBACK TABLE ........................................................................................................................ 18-27

GRANT ................................................................................................................................................. 18-33

INSERT ................................................................................................................................................. 18-54

LOCK TABLE ...................................................................................................................................... 18-71

MERGE ................................................................................................................................................. 18-74

NOAUDIT ............................................................................................................................................ 18-79

PURGE .................................................................................................................................................. 18-83

RENAME .............................................................................................................................................. 18-85

REVOKE ............................................................................................................................................... 18-87

ROLLBACK ......................................................................................................................................... 18-96

19 SQL Statements: SAVEPOINT to UPDATE

SAVEPOINT ......................................................................................................................................... 19-2

SELECT ................................................................................................................................................... 19-4

SET CONSTRAINT[S] ...................................................................................................................... 19-59

SET ROLE ............................................................................................................................................ 19-61

SET TRANSACTION ........................................................................................................................ 19-64

TRUNCATE CLUSTER ..................................................................................................................... 19-67

TRUNCATE TABLE .......................................................................................................................... 19-69

UPDATE ............................................................................................................................................... 19-73

A How to Read Syntax Diagrams

Graphic Syntax Diagrams...................................................................................................................... A-1

Required Keywords and Parameters ............................................................................................ A-2

Optional Keywords and Parameters ............................................................................................. A-3

Syntax Loops...................................................................................................................................... A-3

Multipart Diagrams ......................................................................................................................... A-4

Database Objects .............................................................................................................................. A-4

B Automatic and Manual Locking Mechanisms During SQL Operations

Automatic Locks in DML Operations ................................................................................................. B-1

Automatic Locks in DDL Operations.................................................................................................. B-4

Exclusive DDL Locks........................................................................................................................ B-4

Share DDL Locks............................................................................................................................... B-4

Breakable Parse Locks ...................................................................................................................... B-5

Manual Data Locking ............................................................................................................................. B-5

C Oracle and Standard SQL

ANSI Standards ...................................................................................................................................... C-1

ISO Standards .......................................................................................................................................... C-2

Oracle Compliance To Core SQL:2008 ................................................................................................ C-3

Oracle Support for Optional Features of SQL/Foundation:2008.................................................... C-9

Oracle Compliance with SQL/CLI:2008 ............................................................................................ C-20

Oracle Compliance with SQL/PSM:2008 .......................................................................................... C-20

Oracle Compliance with SQL/MED:2008 ......................................................................................... C-20

Oracle Compliance with SQL/OLB:2008........................................................................................... C-21

Oracle Compliance with SQL/JRT:2008............................................................................................ C-21

Oracle Compliance with SQL/XML:2008.......................................................................................... C-21

Oracle Compliance with FIPS 127-2 ................................................................................................. C-25

Oracle Extensions to Standard SQL .................................................................................................. C-26

Oracle Compliance with Older Standards ....................................................................................... C-27

Character Set Support........................................................................................................................... C-27

D Oracle Regular Expression Support

Multilingual Regular Expression Syntax .......................................................................................... D-1

Regular Expression Operator Multilingual Enhancements............................................................ D-2

Perl-influenced Extensions in Oracle Regular Expressions ........................................................... D-3

E Oracle SQL Reserved Words and Keywords

Oracle SQL Reserved Words................................................................................................................. E-1

Oracle SQL Keywords............................................................................................................................ E-3

F Extended Examples

Using Extensible Indexing ................................................................................................................... F-1

Using XML in SQL Statements ............................................................................................................ F-8

Index

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