Java面试必备:接口与抽象类的区别、垃圾回收与多线程同步解析

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"这是一份Java英文面试题集,包含了丰富的面试题目及答案,涉及Java语言的核心概念、垃圾回收机制以及多线程中的同步控制等关键知识点。" 在Java编程领域,面试通常会涵盖多个核心主题,以评估候选人的理论知识和实践经验。以下将详细解析这些面试题目的答案所涉及的知识点: 1. **接口(Interface)与抽象类(Abstract class)的区别** - 抽象类可以有实现的方法,提供默认行为。它允许定义非抽象方法,具有实例变量和构造函数,能够部分实现功能。 - 接口只能声明常量和抽象方法,不能实现默认行为。所有接口成员默认为public,没有实现。接口是完全抽象的,不包含任何具体实现。 - 抽象类用于表示具有某些通用行为的类,而接口则用于表示类之间的行为协议。 2. **Java中的垃圾收集(Garbage Collection)** - 垃圾收集的目的是自动识别并删除程序不再使用的对象,以便回收它们占用的内存资源,避免内存泄漏。 - 当一个Java对象变得对程序不可达时,即没有任何引用指向它,那么这个对象就会成为垃圾收集的目标。 - Java的垃圾收集器(GC)会在适当的时间自动进行垃圾回收,程序员通常不需要直接干预。 3. **多线程中的同步(Synchronization)** - 在多线程环境下,同步是控制多个线程对共享资源访问的一种机制,确保任何时候只有一个线程能执行特定代码块,防止数据竞争和不一致的状态。 - Java提供了多种同步工具,如`synchronized`关键字、`java.util.concurrent`包下的锁接口(如ReentrantLock)和并发工具类(如Semaphore、CountDownLatch)。 - 通过同步,可以实现线程间的协调,保证并发执行的正确性,例如,银行账户转账操作必须是原子性的,避免出现两个线程同时增加或减少同一账户余额的问题。 这些面试问题涉及到Java开发中的基础但重要的概念,对于任何Java开发者来说,理解和熟练应用这些知识点都是至关重要的。理解这些概念不仅有助于通过面试,而且在实际项目开发中也会大有裨益。
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1. The name of a Java source file (a) has no restrictions (b) must be the same as the class it defines, ignoring case (c) must use the extension .class (d) must be the same as the class it defines, respecting case 2. Which of the following statements is (are) true about the use of an asterisk (*) in a Java import statement? Ⅰ.It does not incur run-time overhead. Ⅱ.It can be used to import multiple packages with a single statement. Ⅲ.It can be used to import multiple classes with a single statement (a) I, II, and III (b) I and III only (c) I only (d) III only ..... 9. According to the Java code conventions, files that contain Java source code have the suffix _____, and compiled bytecode files have the suffix _____. (a) .class, .java (b) .class, .javac (c) .java, .class (d) .javac, .class 10. As an aid in debugging a program in Java, print statements may be used to display which of the following types of information? I. The names of methods being called II. The values of the parameters of a method Ⅲ. The values of the instance variables of a class (a) I and II only (b) I and III only (c) II and III only (d) I, II, and III 1. In a UML class diagram's representation of a class, the top, middle, and lower rectangular compartments respectively describe the _____ of the class. (a) name, attributes, and methods (b) name, methods, and constants (c) attributes, methods, and name (d) attributes, methods, and constants 2. UML class diagrams can describe which of the following? I. The internal structure of classes Ⅱ. Relationships between classes (a) I and II (b) II only (c) None (d) I only ....... 1.The term class variable is a synonym for (a) a private data field (b) a static data field (c) a read-only variable (d) an instance variable 2. Consider the following Java program segment. import java.io.*; public class Test { public Test( ) { System.out.println("default"); } public Test( int i ) { System.out.println("non-default"); } public static void main(String[] args) { Test t = new Test(2); } } ......... 9. When a subclass defines an instance method with the same return type and signature as a method in its parent, the parent's method is said to be (a) private (b) hidden (c) overloaded (d) overridden 10. Which is a Java access modifier used to designate that a particular data field will not be inherited by a subclass? (a) final (b) protected (c) private (d) default 1. Consider the following Java program segment. String[] str = {"Three","Two","One"}; for (int i = 0; i < str.length; ++i) { System.out.println(str[i]+"/"); } What will be output upon execution of the program segment? (a) Three/Two/One/ (b) Three,Two,One (c) One,Two,Three (d) One/Two/Three/ 2. Consider the following Java program segment. int[] arr; arr = new int[3]; arr[2]=19; arr[1]=17; arr[0]=15; Which of the following Java statements is syntactically correct and semantically identical to the program segment? (a) int[] arr= {15, 17, 19}; (b) int[3] arr = {15, 17, 19}; (c) int arr = {15, 17, 19}; (d) int arr[3]= {15, 17, 19}; ........ 2. Which of the following statements is (are) true about any abstract method in Java? I. It contains no definition. Ⅱ. It cannot be declared public. (a) I and II (b) I only (c) None (d) II only 3. Consider the following Java program fragment. public void drive(Vehicle v) { ... } ... drive(obj); The method call drive(obj) is valid if obj is which of the following? I. A descendent of class Vehicle II. An ancestor of class Vehicle Ⅲ. An object of class Vehicle (a) I and III only (b) I, II, and III (c) III only (d) II and III only .....