Microsoft MASM 6.1开发指南：完整带插图与书签版

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《Microsoft MASM 6.1程序员指南》是一本针对MS-DOS和Windows操作系统进行汇编语言开发的专业文档，由Bart Simpson（Bart Simpson是谁？）撰写，经过Pravin的最后保存。该版本被认为是极其完善的，因为它包含了所有原始的插图和完整的书签，这在其他版本中往往是缺失或损坏的。作者花费大量时间收集并整理了这个珍贵的Word版本，以便于读者更好地理解和学习。本书详细介绍了Microsoft MASM 6.1 Assembly-Language Development System，这是一个用于编写低级程序的工具，适用于那些想要深入了解底层系统工作原理、优化性能或者开发驱动程序的开发者。它涵盖了汇编语言的基础概念、指令集、内存管理、数据类型以及如何与操作系统交互，包括对MS-DOS和Windows API的深入讲解。在本书中，每一页都可能包含丰富的示例代码，以及对CodeView和QuickC等Microsoft工具的使用介绍。同时，为了保护知识产权，书中声明所有信息可能会随时更新，且未经Microsoft Corporation的明确许可，不得以任何形式复制或传播。值得注意的是，书中使用了虚构的公司名称、数据和例子，除非特别指出，否则它们并非真实存在。此外，还提到了Microsoft的一些注册商标，如Microsoft、MS-DOS、XENIX、QuickBasic、QuickPascal、Windows和Windows NT，以及相关的美国专利号。对于想要学习或从事汇编编程的读者来说，《Microsoft MASM 6.1程序员指南》是一个不可或缺的参考资料，它不仅提供了技术细节，还强调了实践中的应用和注意事项。无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，通过阅读和实践这本书中的内容，都可以提升自己的汇编语言技能，适应当时的开发环境。

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 Program listings now show instruction timings. The number of required

processor cycles appears adjacent to each instruction in the listing, based on the

selected processor. For an example listing and instructions on how to use this

feature, see Appendix C, “Generating and Reading Assembly Listings.”

 All utilities have been updated for version 6.1. Documentation is clearer and

better arranged, with a new Environment and Tools reference book.

 Version 6.1 generates debugging information for CodeView version 4.0 and

later.

 MASM 6.1 provides even greater compatibility with version 5.1 than does

MASM 6.0. Many programs written with version 5.1 will assemble unchanged

under MASM 6.1.

ML and MASM Command Lines

MASM 6.1 provides an updated version of the command-line driver, ML,

introduced in version 6.0. ML is more powerful and flexible than the MASM driver

of version 5.1. ML assembles and links with one command. It recognizes all the old

MASM driver command syntax, however, to support existing batch files and

makefiles that use MASM command lines.

The name MASM has traditionally referred to the Microsoft Macro

Assembler. It is used in that context throughout this book. However, MASM also

refers to MASM.EXE, which has been replaced by ML.EXE. In MASM 6.1,

MASM.EXE is a small utility that translates command-line options to those

accepted by ML.EXE, and then calls ML.EXE. The distinction between ML.EXE

and MASM.EXE is made whenever necessary. Otherwise, MASM refers to the

assembler and its features.

Compatibility with Earlier Versions of MASM

MASM 6.1 is fully compatible with version 6.0 and, in many cases, with version

5.1. Code written for MASM 5.1 will often assemble correctly without modification

under MASM 6.1. However, MASM 6.1 provides the OPTION directive to let you

selectively modify the assembly process. In particular, you can use the M510

argument with OPTION or the /Zm command-line option to set most features to be

compatible with version 5.1 code.

For information about obsolete features that will not assemble correctly under

MASM 6.1, see Appendix A, “Differences Between MASM 6.1 and 5.1.” The

appendix also explains how to update code to use the new features.

Note

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A Word About Instruction Timings

As an assembly-language programmer, whether novice or expert, you are probably

interested in producing lightning-fast code. After all, one of the main reasons to

program in assembly is to take advantage of its ability to streamline execution

speeds to the limit of the processor. This book will help you write efficient and fast

programs.

When discussing the speed of individual instructions, the chapters in this book often

speak of “timing,” which is the number of processor cycles required to carry out an

instruction. The Reference lists instruction timings for processors in the 8086

family. It is tempting to use timing as the only criterion when judging an

instruction’s actual execution speed, but the world within the processor is not so

simple.

The clock for instruction timing does not begin ticking until the processor has read

and begins to execute an instruction. When you read about instruction timings (in

this book or any other), keep in mind that other factors also influence the real speed

of an instruction: the instruction’s size, whether it resides in cache memory,

whether it accesses memory, its position in the processor’s prefetch queue, and the

processor type. These factors make it impossible to say precisely how fast an

instruction executes. Accept the references to timing in this book as guidelines, but

use these simple rules to write fast code:

 Whenever possible, use registers rather than constant values, and constant

values rather than memory.

 Minimize changes in program flow.

 Smaller is often better. For example, the instructions

dec bx

sub bx, 1

accomplish the same thing and have the same timings on 80386/486 processors.

But the first instruction is 3 bytes smaller than the second, and so may reach the

processor faster.

 When possible, use the string instructions described in Chapter 5, “Defining and

Using Complex Data Types.”

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Books for Further Reading

The following books may help you learn to program in assembly language or write

specialized programs. These books are listed only for your convenience. Microsoft

makes no specific recommendations concerning any of these books.

Books About Programming in Assembly Language

Abrash, Michael. Zen of Assembly Language. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman and

Co., 1990. Out of print.

Duntemann, Jeff. Assembly Language from Square One: For the PC AT and

Compatibles. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman and Co., 1990. Out of print.

Fernandez, Judi N., and Ruth Ashley. Assembly Language Programming for the

80386. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990.

Miller, Alan R. DOS Assembly Language Programming. San Francisco: SYBEX,

1988. Out of print.

Scanlon, Leo J. 80286 Assembly Language Programming on MS-DOS Computers.

New York: Brady Communications, 1986. Out of print.

Turley, James L. Advanced 80386 Programming Techniques. Berkeley, CA:

Osborne McGraw-Hill, 1988.

Books About MS-DOS and BIOS

“Terminate-and-Stay-Resident Utilities.” MS-DOS Encyclopedia. Redmond, WA:

Microsoft Press, 1989.

Duncan, Ray. Advanced MS-DOS Programming: The Microsoft Guide for

Assembly Language and C Programmers. 2d ed. Redmond, WA: Microsoft

Press, 1988.

Duncan, Ray. Extending DOS: Programmer’s Guide to Protected-Mode DOS.

Redding, MA: Addison-Wesley. 1991.

Jourdain, Robert. Programmer’s Problem Solver for the IBM PC, XT and AT.

New York: Brady Communications, 1985. Out of print.

Microsoft MS-DOS Programmer’s Reference. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press,

1991.

Norton, Peter and Richard Wilton. The New Peter Norton Programmer’s Guide to

the IBM PC and PS/2. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press, 1988.

Wilton, Richard. Programmer’s Guide to PC & PS/2 Video Systems: Maximum

Video Performance from the EGA, VGA, HGC, and MCGA. Redmond, WA:

Microsoft Press, 1987. Out of print.

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SHIFT Small capital letters signify names of keys on the keyboard. Notice

that a plus (+) indicates a combination of keys. For example,

CTRL+E means to hold down the CTRL key while pressing the E

key.

[[argument]] Items inside double square brackets are optional.

{register|memory} Braces and a vertical bar indicate a choice between two or more

items. You must choose one of the items unless double square

brackets surround the braces.

Repeating

elements...

A horizontal ellipsis (...) following an item indicates that more

items having the same form may appear.

Program

Fragment

A vertical ellipsis tells you that part of a program has been

intentionally omitted.

Getting Assistance and Reporting Problems

If you need help or think you have discovered a problem in the software, please

provide the following information to help us locate the source of the problem:

 The version of MS-DOS or Windows you run.

 Your system configuration: the type of machine you use, its total memory, and

its total free memory at assembler execution time, as well as any other

information you think might be useful.

 The command line you used for the assembler, linker, or other MASM tool that

was running when the problem occurred.

 Any object files or libraries you linked with if the problem occurred at link time.

If your program is very large, reduce it to the smallest possible program that still

produces the problem.

Note the circumstances of the error and notify Microsoft Corporation by following

the instructions in the section “Microsoft Support Services” in the introduction to

Environment and Tools. If you have comments or suggestions regarding any of the

books accompanying this product, please indicate them on the Document Feedback

page at the back of this book and send it to Microsoft.

If you have not yet registered your copy of the Macro Assembler, you should fill out

and return the Registration Card. This enables Microsoft to keep you informed of

updates and other information about the assembler.

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