混合分层SD光子片上网络：HaoDo架构

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“混合分层软件定义的光子片上网络” 这篇研究论文“混合分层软件定义的光子片上网络”由来自国防科技大学计算机学院的作者团队撰写，他们提出了一种新的架构——HaoDo，旨在解决当前光子网络和软件定义网络（SDN）在提高片上网络性能和可扩展性上的局限性。本文主要贡献在于设计了一个混合分层控制平面，以及层次化的通信协议，以优化不同区域间的传输。 1. 光子片上网络与软件定义网络：光子网络利用光信号进行数据传输，具有高速、低延迟和高带宽的优点，适用于片上网络的高速通信需求。软件定义网络则通过将网络控制功能与转发功能分离，实现了网络的灵活管理和优化。然而，光子网络可能在复杂性管理和可扩展性方面存在挑战，而SDN可能无法充分满足片上网络的高速传输需求。 2. HaoDo架构：HaoDo结合了光子网络的高速传输能力和SDN的集中式控制策略，创建了一个分层的控制结构。这一架构能有效地减少SDN控制平面的计算复杂性增长，同时利用电子通信的短距离优势和光子通信的长距离优势，以实现更高效能的片上通信。 3. 分层控制平面：该论文提出了一种新型的混合分层控制平面，它可以降低处理复杂度，确保在网络规模扩大时仍能保持高效运行。这解决了传统SDN随着网络规模增加而控制负担加重的问题。 4. 层次化通信协议：为了指导区域内和区域间的传输，论文还介绍了一种层次化的通信协议。这种协议能够智能地调度数据流，优化传输路径，避免通信瓶颈，从而提高整体网络的效率和可扩展性。 5. 解决问题：HaoDo架构通过上述创新，旨在解决单独使用光子网络或SDN无法有效解决的片上网络性能和可扩展性问题，为未来的高性能计算和数据中心提供更加高效、灵活的通信解决方案。这篇论文在探索光子网络和SDN技术融合方面迈出了重要的一步，通过创新的混合分层控制策略和通信协议设计，为片上网络的未来发展提供了新的思路和可能。

A Hybrid Hierarchical Software-Defined Photonic On-Chip Network

Junhui Wang, Quanyou Feng, Yongwen Wang, Qiang Dou and Wenhua Dou

College of Computer

National University of Defense Technology

Chang’sha, China

{wangjunhui, fengquanyou, wangyongwen, douqiang, douwh}@nudt.edu.cn

Abstract—Photonic network and software-defined network are

two promising technologies to improve the performance and

scalability of on-chip network. However, both the technologies

cannot address the problem alone. In this paper, we propose

HaoDo, a hybrid hierarchical software-defined photonic On-

Chip Network. The proposed architecture combines the

advantages of photonic network and centralized control plane,

and improve the scalability of whole network. The main

contributions includes: we design HaoDo, a hybrid

hierarchical control plane which can reduce the computational

complexity growth of the SDN control plane and utilize the

advantage of electronic short-distance communication and

photonic long-distance communication; the hierarchical

communication protocol is presented to guide the intr-/inter-

area transmission. The discussions present the reason why the

HaoDo network can achieve good performance and the

possible design exploration for specific applications.

Keywords-Network-on-Chip; SDN; hybrid; hierarchical;

photonic; HaoDo

I. INTRODUCTION

To improve the performance of the interconnection

between processing elements, the On-Chip Network (NoC)

was introduced [1]. As a new network concept, NoC should

ensure high throughput, low end-to-end latency and low

power consumption. By referencing to the large Internet and

computer network, the proposed NoC architectures always

use a distributed routing policy to transmit packets. For

example, in a mesh-based electronic network, all the routers

have five ports and use the same distributed routing

algorithm (such as X-Y or other deterministic algorithms).

This kind of method can promise certain level of network

performance and failure tolerance. However, because of the

limited electronic bandwidth and the low efficiency of

resources (especially located at network edges), it cannot

satisfy the requirement of large on-chip networks. The

scalability of these networks is always weak. It is observed

that in a typical mesh-based network, while the routers in the

center of the mesh are highly (~75%) utilized, the peripheral

routers have only low (~35%) utilization [2]. This can easily

lead to hot spots and system crash duo to the central router's

failure.

To address these problems, there are two promising

technology - photonic on-chip network and software-defined

network.

Optical interconnection has several advantages: light can

be transmitted over a long distance without repeaters; the

transmission procedure is at the speed of light; light signals

of different wavelengths can all cram into one waveguide or

fiber. Therefore, both Internet and computer network use the

optical interconnection to achieve high-bandwidth and low

power consumption. The recent advance in photonic

technology makes it possible that we integrate photonic

components and traditional processing/storage elements into

one chip. Some photonic on-chip networks have been

proposed. A. Shacham et al. [3] and H. Gu et al. [4] present

mesh-based and fat tree-based photonic NoC, in which each

photonic switch always be paired with a common electronic

router. In result, the photonic networks are not suitable for

the local communication, especially the distance is shorter

than 4 hops.

Software-defined network (SDN) decouples the

network's control and data plane and put the main computing

at the central controller [5]. The flexible management makes

it possible to improve the utilization of all network

components. We have proposed a software-defined photonic

NoC [6]. And S. Gringeri et al. [7] review the benefits and

challenges of extending SDN concepts to various transport

network architectures, which includes optical transport.

However, as the network scales to large size, the control

plane will be too fat to compute the routing path quickly. In

[8], the authors demonstrate that combining SDN and

traditional architectures in hybrid SDN models has the

potential to sum their benefits while mitigating their

respective challenges.

In order to address the problems of these two

technologies, we propose a Hybrid hierarchical Software-

Defined Photonic (HaoDo) On-Chip Network. The proposed

architecture combines the advantages of photonic network

and centralized control plane, and improve the scalability of

whole network. The main contributions are as follows. First,

we design HaoDo, a hybrid hierarchical control plane which

can reduce the computational complexity growth of the SDN

control plane and utilize the advantage of electronic short-

distance communication and photonic long-distance

communication. Then, the hierarchical communication

protocol is presented to guide the intra-/inter-area

transmission. Finally, the discussions present the reason why

the HaoDo network can achieve good performance and the

possible design exploration for specific applications.

The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section II

presents our HaoDo network, including the architecture, the

major modules and the communication protocol. We discuss

the HaoDo network from different views in Section III.

Finally, the conclusion is drawn in Section IV.

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