STM32底层原理与通信协议解析

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"STM32程序底层原理.pdf,涵盖了MQTT协议和IIC协议的解析,以及UART协议的详细解释" STM32程序底层原理主要涉及微控制器STM32的编程和通信协议的理解。STM32是一款基于ARM Cortex-M内核的微控制器,广泛应用于嵌入式系统设计。在STM32的程序开发中,理解底层通信协议至关重要,这包括IIC协议、UART协议以及MQTT协议。 IIC协议,全称为Inter-Integrated Circuit,常用于连接低速外设,如OLED显示模块。IIC协议具有简单、低功耗的特点,仅需两根数据线SCL(时钟)和SDA(数据)。协议定义了四种GPIO工作模式:输入浮空、输入下拉、推挽输出和开漏输出,这些模式在IIC通信中起到关键作用。IIC通信过程包括开始信号、数据传输、停止信号等,且所有设备共享总线,因此需要解决冲突和仲裁问题。 UART协议,即通用异步收发传输器协议,是一种常见的串行通信协议,适用于长距离、低数据速率的通信。UART通过Tx和Rx两根线进行全双工通信,无需共同的时钟信号,但通信双方需预先设定波特率、数据位宽、奇偶校验位、停止位等参数以保持同步。UART传输的字符通常包含起始位、数据位、校验位、停止位和空闲位,波特率决定了每秒钟传输的位数,如9600、19200、115200等,表示每秒传输的位数。 MQTT协议是一种轻量级的发布/订阅消息协议,适用于物联网(IoT)环境,特别是资源受限的设备。MQTT的核心是发布者、代理和订阅者模型。结构体在MQTT中起到了数据封装的作用,它允许将一组相关数据组合成一个整体,便于处理和传递。通过定义结构体,开发者可以隐藏实现细节,提供更简洁的接口,提高代码的可读性和复用性。 在STM32程序设计中,理解这些通信协议的工作原理和应用是至关重要的。对于IIC,我们需要熟练配置GPIO并实现数据传输;对于UART,我们需要设置正确的通信参数,并能解析接收到的数据;而对于MQTT,我们需要理解和实现发布/订阅模型,以便在物联网环境中有效地传递信息。通过深入学习这些底层原理,开发者能够更好地驾驭STM32,实现高效可靠的嵌入式系统设计。
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Ultra-low-power with FlexPowerControl – 1.71 V to 3.6 V power supply – -40 °C to 85/105/125 °C temperature range – 300 nA in V BAT mode: supply for RTC and 32x32-bit backup registers – 30 nA Shutdown mode (5 wakeup pins) – 120 nA Standby mode (5 wakeup pins) – 420 nA Standby mode with RTC – 1.1 µA Stop 2 mode, 1.4 µA with RTC – 100 µA/MHz run mode (LDO Mode) – 39 μA/MHz run mode (@3.3 V SMPS Mode) – Batch acquisition mode (BAM) – 4 µs wakeup from Stop mode – Brown out reset (BOR) – Interconnect matrix • Core: Arm ® 32-bit Cortex ® -M4 CPU with FPU, Adaptive real-time accelerator (ART Accelerator™) allowing 0-wait-state execution from Flash memory, frequency up to 80 MHz, MPU, 100DMIPS and DSP instructions • Performance benchmark – 1.25 DMIPS/MHz (Drystone 2.1) – 273.55 CoreMark ® (3.42 CoreMark/MHz @ 80 MHz) • Energy benchmark – 294 ULPMark™ CP score – 106 ULPMark™ PP score • Clock Sources – 4 to 48 MHz crystal oscillator – 32 kHz crystal oscillator for RTC (LSE) – Internal 16 MHz factory-trimmed RC (±1%) – Internal low-power 32 kHz RC (±5%) – Internal multispeed 100 kHz to 48 MHz oscillator, auto-trimmed by LSE (better than ±0.25 % accuracy) – 3 PLLs for system clock, USB, audio, ADC • Up to 114 fast I/Os, most 5 V-tolerant, up to 14 I/Os with independent supply down to 1.08 V • RTC with HW calendar, alarms and calibration • LCD 8× 40 or 4× 44 with step-up converter • Up to 24 capacitive sensing channels: support touchkey, linear and rotary touch sensors • 16x timers: 2x 16-bit advanced motor-control, 2x 32-bit and 5x 16-bit general purpose, 2x 16- bit basic, 2x low-power 16-bit timers (available in Stop mode), 2x watchdogs, SysTick timer • Memories – Up to 1 MB Flash, 2 banks read-while- write, proprietary code readout protection – Up to 128 KB of SRAM including 32 KB with hardware parity check – External memory interface for static memories supporting SRAM, PSRAM, NOR and NAND memories – Quad SPI memory interface • 4x digital filters for sigma delta modulator • Rich analog peripherals (independent supply) – 3x 12-bit ADC 5 Msps, up to 16-bit with hardware oversampling, 200 µA/Msps – 2x 12-bit DAC output channels, low-power sample and hold – 2x operational amplifiers with built-in PGA – 2x ultra-low-power comparators • 20x communication interfaces – USB OTG 2.0 full-speed, LPM and BCD – 2x SAIs (serial audio interface) – 3x I2C FM+(1 Mbit/s), SMBus/PMBus – 5x USARTs (ISO 7816, LIN, IrDA, modem)