Analytical study on a two-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries
model with bilinear representation, Bäcklund transformation
and soliton solutions
Xing Lü
a,b,
⇑
, Fuhong Lin
c
, Fenghua Qi
d
a
Department of Mathematics, Beijing Jiao Tong University, Beijing 100044, China
b
State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiao Tong University, Beijing 100044, China
c
School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
d
School of Information, Beijing Wuzi University, Beijing 101149, China
article info
Article history:
Received 11 March 2013
Received in revised form 4 January 2014
Accepted 17 October 2014
Available online 20 November 2014
Keywords:
Bell polynomials
Bell-polynomial-typed Bäcklund
transformation
Two-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries model
Bilinear method
Symbolic computation
abstract
With symbolic computation, Bell-polynomial scheme and bilinear method are applied to a
two-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) model, which is firstly proposed with Lax pair
generating technique. Bell-polynomial expression with one auxiliary independent variable
is derived and transformed into bilinear form. According to the coupled two-field
conditions between the primary and replica fields, Bell-polynomial-typed Bäcklund trans-
formations (BTs) are constructed and converted into the bilinear ones. Finally, soliton solu-
tions of the two-dimensional KdV model are obtained (via solving the bilinear
representation and BT, respectively) and compared. Such associated integrable properties
as bilinear representation, BT (especially auxiliary-independent-variable-involved Bell-
polynomial-typed ones constructed in this paper) and soliton solutions (especially the
multi-soliton ones) may be useful for further study on other two-dimensional KdV and
KdV-typed models.
Ó 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
In dealing with nonlinear models of mathematical physics [1–25], there exist types of numerical [7,8,18] and analytical
approaches [5,6,9,17,20–24]. For example, a meshless based numerical technique has been used to find traveling solitary
wave solution of Boussinesq equation [8], and the multiple exp-function algorithm has been used to search for three-wave
solutions [20,22]. The Bell-polynomial scheme [1–6] is found to be a direct and systematic method, among others. Procedure
of the Bell-polynomial scheme mainly includes the following steps [5,6]:(A) derive the Bell-polynomial expression of the
original nonlinear model with the help of its invariance under the scale transformations; (B) decompose the homogeneous
constraint (or, two-field condition) between the primary field and a replica one suitably to construct the Bell-polynomial-
typed Bäcklund transformation (BT) generally expressed in terms of the linear combination of Bell-polynomials and their
derivatives; (C ) linearize the Bell-polynomial-typed BT through the Hopf–Cole transformation to obtain the corresponding
Lax pair.
There exists a close connection between the Bell-polynomial scheme and Hirota bilinear method [2,5,6,19]. Generally
speaking, the Bell-polynomial expression in step (A) can be cast into the bilinear equation of the original nonlinear model,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2014.10.046
0307-904X/Ó 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
⇑
Corresponding author at: Department of Mathematics, Beijing Jiao Tong University, Beijing 100044, China.
E-mail addresses: XLV@bjtu.edu.cn, xinglv655@aliyun.com (X. Lü).
Applied Mathematical Modelling 39 (2015) 3221–3226
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Applied Mathematical Modelling
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apm