Melexis MLX91804：低功耗胎压传感器技术手册

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"MLX91804是一款由Melexis公司推出的集成式胎压传感器，技术手册包含了其详细的技术规格和功能特点。这款传感器主要用于轮胎压力监测系统（TPMS），适用于乘用车和商用车辆。它集成了高效能的315/433MHz RF发射器，具有低功耗、高精度压力测量、加速度传感器以及高度可配置的ADC等功能。" MLX91804胎压传感器是Melexis公司推出的一款先进设备，主要特点包括超低睡眠电流仅为90nA，这使得它在不工作时能够极低地消耗电池电量。它内置的RF发射器能够在5dBm或8dBm时提供5mA和8mA的电流，数据传输速率最高可达150kbps，同时保证了RF输出功率的高度稳定性。在压力测量方面，MLX91804表现出卓越的性能，其测量电流低至-0.1µA，精度高达±4kPa。此外，传感器还集成了X-, Z-或XZ轴加速度传感器，测量范围从-650g到+650g，用户可以根据需求调整增益和分辨率。该传感器采用了一种高度可配置的12至16位ADC，确保了数据采集的灵活性。内部包含一个16位微控制器（MCU）和协处理器，配备了16KB的FLASH程序存储器、512B的SRAM和128B的非易失性RAM（nvRAM）。在睡眠模式下，47B的寄存器内存仍可保持数据。MLX91804还提供了3个GPIO引脚，支持数字输入/输出和模拟输入功能。为了实现自我诊断和故障检测，MLX91804内建了自检功能。其封装设计紧凑且坚固，采用DFN144x5mm湿侧翼封装，能承受高达10000G的冲击。这些特性确保了传感器在极端环境下的稳定性和可靠性。应用领域除了主要的轮胎压力监测系统，MLX91804还能用于低功耗无线压力-温度-加速度-电池传感器，提供全方位的车辆监控解决方案。功能框图显示了该传感器的主要组成部分和工作原理，有助于开发者理解并利用其全部功能。

MLX91804

Integrated Tire Sensor

3901091804 Page 16 of 100 Preliminary Datasheet

Rev 1.4 Melexis Confidential and Proprietary February/17

3. Operating conditions

All voltages are referred to a common ground reference defined on pin VSS. All currents are defined as

positive when entering the circuit.

3.1 Absolute maximum ratings

Maximum ratings may not be exceeded under any circumstances, not even momentarily and individually, as

permanent damage to the IC may result.

Table 6: Absolute maximum ratings (1)

Parameters

Symbol

Comments

Min

Max

Units

General conditions

Storage temperature

Ambient temperature

-55

150

°C

Electrical ratings

Supply voltage

Pin VDD

-0.5

Input voltage

All pins except XTAL{P,N}

-0.5

+ 0.5

Pins XTAL{P,N}

-0.5

2.2

Input current

All pins except LF{P,N}

-10

Pins LF{P,N}

-15

Latchup current

latch

Acc. to JEDEC Standard

EIA/JESD78

-100

100

Mechanical ratings (defined more in detail in the qualification plan)

Input pressure (absolute)

inp

Continuous (1)

1400

kPa

Maximum pressure (absolute)

max

2000

–

kPa

Constant acceleration

const

On any axis, in any direction

–

3500

Acceleration shock survival

shock

200µs, half-sine

For any axis, in any direction

–

10000

Vibration

vibr

–

ESD requirements

Human body model (HBM)

HBM

All external pins

-2

Internal pins on sensors interface

-1

Charged device model (CDM)

CDM

All pins

-500

500

CDM

Corner pins

-750

750

Notes:

1. No accuracy degradation shall result

MLX91804

Integrated Tire Sensor

3901091804 Page 18 of 100 Preliminary Datasheet

Rev 1.4 Melexis Confidential and Proprietary February/17

3.3 Current consumption

Table 8: System current consumption vs. operating mode

If not otherwise specified, typ. parameters are given for nominal conditions and T=25°C

Min/max range given for VDD from 2.1V to 3.6V and temperature range -40°C to +125°C.

Parameters

Symb

Comments

Min

Typ

Max

Units

DEEP SLEEP mode

current (1)

SLEEP0

T=40°C, VDD=3V

–

SLEEP0

T=0°C, VDD=3V

–

SLEEP0

T=25°C, VDD=3V

–

120

SLEEP0

T=70°C, VDD=3V

–

230

–

SLEEP0

T=125°C (2)

–

2.5

µA

SLEEP mode current (1)

SLEEP1

T=25°C, VDD=3V

–

250

300

SLEEP1

T=125°C (2)

–

µA

TH_SHDWN mode

current

THSDWN

T=125°C (2)

–

µA

THSDWN

T=150°C (2)

–

100

µA

RF transmitter currents

RFTX

Pout = 5 dBm @ 434 MHz, 50 Ohm matched

load, RF output is supplied from VPA regulator

T=25°C, VDD=2.1 to 3.6V

–

6.5

RFTX

Pout = 5 dBm @ 434 MHz, 50 Ohm matched

load, RF output is supplied from VDD=3V,

VPA regulator is bypassed

–

RFTX

Pout = 8 dBm @ 434 MHz, 50 Ohm matched

load, RF output is supplied from VPA regulator

T=25°C, VDD=2.1 to 3.6V

–

RFTX

Pout = 8 dBm @ 434 MHz, 50 Ohm matched

load, RF output is supplied from VDD=3V,

VPA regulator is bypassed

–

LF transceiver currents

LFLSBY

T=25°C, Standby mode

with disabled analog LF interface (3)

–

0.02

0.04

µA

LFLSTN

T=25°C, Listen mode (3)

–

µA

LFHDR

T=25°C, Data reception mode (3)

–

µA

LFRSSI

T=25°C, RSSI mode (3)

–

100

140

µA

EXEC mode current

EXEC

MCU operational current @ MCU_CLK = 2 MHz

without peripherals

–

470

600

µA

EXEC

MCU operational current @ MCU_CLK = 8 MHz

without peripherals

–

1.3

1.6

STOP mode current

STOP

HFO disabled,

MCU and all memories are power supplied

–

280

340

µA

HALT mode current

HALT

HFO enabled @ MCU_CLK = 2 MHz,

MCU and all memories are power supplied

–

330

400

µA

Notes:

1. LFO is in Ultra Low Power mode.

2. In this case, the leakage current is dominant or significantly contributing.

3. This current needs to be added to the main operating mode corresponding current consumption to

obtain the complete system current consumption.

MLX91804

Integrated Tire Sensor

3901091804 Page 19 of 100 Preliminary Datasheet

Rev 1.4 Melexis Confidential and Proprietary February/17

4. Digital blocks

4.1 Master scheduler

The Master Scheduler combines 3 controllers: wake-up controller, power management controller and clock

controller.

The wake-up controller is responsible to trigger the transitions to and from the different sleep modes (see

definitions in section 2.1). It uses a wake-up timer which is always active and that can’t be masked.

The power management controller functionality is responsible for correctly sequencing the power-on and

power-off of the different supply domains of the circuit.

The clock controller functionality is responsible to provide the necessary clocks and resets to the Amalthea

platform when required or gate them properly otherwise. It is also responsible to enable/disable the system

different clock sources in order to reduce current consumption as much as possible in the different operating

modes.

4.2 Amalthea MCU platform

The Amalthea platform is an IP-based platform built around a MLX16 core. The platform configuration which

is specific to this system includes the following main (non-exhaustive) features:

 MLX16 16-bit RISC microcontroller core with integrated coprocessor (hardware multiplier). The MLX16

core instruction set allows word, byte and bit manipulation. Seven levels of interrupt priority together with

3 bits software priority level provide flexible interrupt handling, while the Protected and User execution

modes together with exceptions detection supports a high security level.

 Two 14-bits general purpose timers

 Absolute watchdog timer with own MCU independent 1 MHz clock

 Extended-counting ADC interface.

 Memories interfaces.

 Melexis Universal Programming and Test (MUPeT) interface.

The Amalthea platform is supplied by VDIG voltage domain maintained by an internal voltage regulator with

output voltage about 1.7V. The regulator supplies also the HFO generating a clock for the Amalthea platform.

The VDIG regulator is turned off during sleep modes.

4.2.1 General purpose simple timers

Two available 14-bits general purpose simple timers have similar structure and feature:

 14 bits incrementing counter

 Generate an interrupt when counter reaches the timer value

 Reset counter when it reaches the timer value

 Selectable clock enable (MCU_CLK, MCU_1US_CE or MCU_100US_CE)

The timers are represented in the registers map by 2 separate 32-bit blocks STIMER1 and STIMER2. Both

include registers with similar functions. The 14-bit read only register CURRENT reflects a current state of the

timer’s counter. Two unused MSB, allocated in the 16-bit word together with CURRENT, are always equal to

0. The second 16-bit word is used to control a corresponding timer. The 2 MSB of that word define the timer

mode, while the others 14 bits define the timer value (registers names are MODE and VALUE accordingly).

Both timers are based on incrementing counters and both are disabled on a reset. When counter reaches

VALUE, a corresponding interrupt is generating and the counter is reset.

MLX91804

Integrated Tire Sensor

3901091804 Page 20 of 100 Preliminary Datasheet

Rev 1.4 Melexis Confidential and Proprietary February/17

Figure 5: General purpose timer block diagram

Each timer has 4 modes defined by the register MODE:

 00: Timer disable (default value)

 01: Counter is incremented on MCU_CLK

 10: Counter is incremented on MCU_1US_CE (every µs)

 11: Counter is incremented on MCU_100US_CE (every 100 µs)

The reset value of the counter is 1, like this, the timer value really corresponds to the number of clock

enable. For example, if the port value is equal to C005h (MODE = 11b and VALUE = 5h), an interrupt will

occur every 500 µs.

During a sequence, if the register VALUE changes, the new value is immediately take into account. If the

new timer’s VALUE is smaller than the counter value CURRENT, an interrupt is immediately generated. If

the new timer’s VALUE is bigger than the counter value CURRENT, the counter will continue to be

incremented until it reaches the new VALUE.

One should be careful, on a mode change it is possible that the first period is wrong (maximum 1 new clock

period). It is because the mode change is immediate and it is difficult to know when the next clock enable of

the new clock will come. This problem occurs when the new clock enable is slower than the previous one.

Whatever the mode chosen, the interrupt signal lasts always a MCU_CLK period.

Uses the value 0 for timer value is highly inadvisable because it will generate an interrupt every clock enable.

4.2.2 Absolute Watchdog Timer

The Absolute Watchdog Timer (AWD) features:

 Window watchdog automatically started on reset

 Works on a MCU independent 1MHz clock

 Hardware defined timeout value

 Attention interrupt at the timeout value

 Extra time of 1/8 timeout value to acknowledge before reset

 Acknowledged with a unique instruction

The absolute watchdog is mainly composed of a special counter and series of comparators. The resettable

free-running up counter counts the 1MHz clock pulses that come from HFO independently on the MCU clock.

The counter is reset on system reset or watchdog acknowledge event.

When the counter reaches a value TIMEOUT = 0x3FFFF = 262143 that with 1MHz clock corresponds to a

typical value 262 ms, an attention interrupt is generated. An extra time of 1/8 of TIMEOUT value is added

(it’s about 33 ms) prior to reset to let time to firmware to acknowledge the watchdog. After this delay a

system reset is performed if the watchdog has not been acknowledged. The firmware must therefore

acknowledge the watchdog within a time window starting at half of TIMEOUT and ending at 9/8 of TIMEOUT.

If an acknowledge is performed outside this window (i.e. before half the TIMEOUT), a reset is generated.

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