NPC整流器实时开路故障检测：基于Park电流的新方法

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"基于Park电流的NPC整流器系统中检测开路故障的实时方法" 这篇研究论文探讨了一种用于检测三电平NPC（Neutral Point Clamped）整流器中单个绝缘栅双极晶体管（IGBT）开路故障的实时方法。在三电平NPC转换器中，开路故障可能导致系统性能严重下降，甚至引发设备损坏，因此实时检测和定位这些故障至关重要。论文中，作者Huanwen Yang、Jin Zhao和Weikang Wang提出了一种基于Park变换的电流检测算法。Park变换是一种常用于多电平逆变器和整流器的数学工具，它可以将三相交流电流转换为两相直轴(d轴)和交轴(q轴)的直流分量，简化了故障诊断的过程。在该方法中，通过计算q轴电流的下包络线及其比较值，可以有效地识别出IGBT的开路故障。该方法的独特之处在于其计算过程简单，无需额外的电流和电压传感器。这降低了系统的复杂性和成本，并提高了故障检测的实时性。论文指出，最长的检测时间约为两个电流周期，这意味着在故障发生后能迅速做出响应。通过仿真结果，论文验证了所提方法的性能和有效性。仿真模拟了各种工况下的故障情况，结果显示，该方法能够准确地检测到开路故障，并能快速确定故障的位置，从而为系统保护和故障恢复策略提供支持。开路故障诊断在电力电子系统中的重要性不言而喻，尤其是在高功率电压源转换器设计中。三电平NPC转换器因其能提供更平滑的输出电压波形、更低的谐波含量和更高的效率，而在工业应用中得到广泛应用。因此，针对这类转换器的故障检测技术的研究对于确保系统可靠性和稳定性具有重要意义。关键词：故障诊断，三电平NPC转换器，开路故障，故障定位，IGBT。此研究不仅对电力电子领域的技术人员有重要参考价值，也为未来开发更高效、更可靠的故障检测算法提供了基础。

A Real-Time Method for Detecting an Open-Switch Fault in a NPC

Rectifier System, based on Park’s Current

Huanwen Yang, Jin Zhao, Weikang Wang

School of Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

E-mail: yanghuanwen93@qq.com

Abstract: This study presents a new real-time method to diagnosis single Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor(IGBT)

open-circuit(OC) fault in three-level neutral-point clamped(3LNPC) converter. The Park’s current is calculated in the

proposed method to get the q component’s lower envelope and its comparison value. The calculation of the proposed

method is very simple and no additional current and voltage sensors are required. The longest detection time of this

method is about two current cycle, the performance and effectiveness of the method are validated by simulation results.

Key Words: Fault diagnosis, 3LNPC converter, open-circuit fault, fault location, IGBT.



1 INTRODUCTION

In recent years, the multi-level converter has taken more and

more attention due to its large output capacity. The problem

of designing high power voltage source converter has been

solved with the emergence of multilevel topology structure

[1,2]. Three-level converter is one of the most common due

to the fact that it has several advantages compared to the

tradition two-level converter: the pressure level of the

switching device is reduced by half under the same DC bus

voltage, the harmonic content of its output voltage is

reduced by 50% at the same switching frequency, and its

output power is doubled under the same power switch

device [3-5].

3LNPC is also used extensively in the medium-voltage

systems, a summary report of the main characteristics and

effects of 3LNPC is presented in [6-8]. Seven-phase voltage

source inverter [9], wind power systems [10,11],

photovoltaic systems [12] are a part of applications of

3LNPC converter. A lot of damage will be caused if the

3LNPC is failed to work. To increase the stability of the

system, the fault-tolerant control strategy is researched by

many scholars [13,14], fault diagnosis and localization is an

indispensable part of the whole fault tolerant system.

Various fault diagnosis strategies are proposed both towards

two levels and three levels. However, a minor OC fault can

only affect the performance of the system, the whole system

needn’t shut down. In this paper, only the OC fault is

discussed.

The number of switch in three levels is twice the level of two

levels, therefore, the possibility of a switch fault in three

level converter is much higher, and the detection of the fault

is much more difficult because the combinations of each

switch is very complex. The switch fault can be divided into

two types: short-circuit fault and open circuit fault. The

short-circuit fault usually brings a devastating blow to the

This work is supported by National Nature Science Foundation under

Grant 61573159.

system, stop measures are usually adopted to avoid further

damage.

With regard to the diagnosis strategy used, several options

are available for switching device. In general, they can be

classified into two categories: current detection and voltage

detection. Phase voltage is a very common characteristic in

diagnosis strategy, the phase voltage distortion which is

figured out by the reference currents and the measured

currents is utilized in [15] to locate the single switch fault in

two levels, but it would be disturbed easily by unknown

frequency of harmonic. Besides, sectoral averaging

residuals between the estimated voltage and the measured

voltage are good parameters to detect OC fault [16]. A team

of the two methods is putted forward in [17] and [18].

Compared with the current detection, the voltage detection

is faster, but the additional sensors are needed. The method

of calculating residual is also applied equally to three phase

current [19,20]. The current trend analysis, Euclidean

distance, cosine similarity metric trend current can also be

used as characteristic quantity to diagnose multiple

transistor OC fault [21,22].

Voltage detection is also widely applied in 3LNPC

converter because of its less detection time and the complex

topology of 3LNPC converter. Tae-Jin Kim et al. Proposed

a method, based on the inherent characteristic of continuous

PWM, is achieved by measuring the pole voltage and its

duration time [23]. The algorithm in [24] is based on the

instant voltage error in the converter and the signals already

available to the control system is required. The method

based on the valuation of the output pole voltage and output

currents is proposed in [25], the detection is very fast but

additional sensor is needed. The condition that the phase

current is reduced at the fault cycle is utilized in [26,27], the

diagnostic technique is based on the average current Park’s

vector approach. Another method on the basis of the radius

of the Concordia current pattern is also used to detect the

switch fault in [28]. According to the phase current

characteristic at zero field under the fault condition, the fault

switch can also be detected and located by detecting zero

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