AIX 5L系统管理：性能优化讲师指南

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"AIX 5L System Administration III Performance Management Instructor Guide.pdf" 本课程是关于AIX 5L操作系统第三阶段的系统管理，重点在于性能管理。AIX（Advanced Interactive eXecutive）是IBM开发的一款针对Power Systems服务器的操作系统，基于UNIX。AIX 5L（5th Generation Long）是其第五代的一个长期支持版本，提供了强大的稳定性和安全性。 "Performance Management"部分主要关注如何有效地监控、分析和优化AIX系统的性能。在企业环境中，性能管理至关重要，因为它确保了关键业务应用的高效运行，避免资源瓶颈并优化硬件利用率。课程内容可能包括以下关键知识点： 1. **性能监控工具**：介绍如`topas`、`prstat`、`vmstat`、`iostat`等命令，这些工具用于实时监控CPU、内存、磁盘I/O和系统进程的状态，帮助管理员识别性能问题。 2. **性能分析**：讲解如何通过收集和分析系统日志、性能数据来识别性能瓶颈，比如CPU使用率过高、内存不足或磁盘I/O延迟等问题。 3. **资源调优**：涵盖如何调整系统参数，如调度器设置、内存分配策略和I/O调度，以提升系统性能。 4. **JVM（Java Virtual Machine）性能管理**：对于运行Java应用的AIX系统，可能会涉及JVM的性能监控和调优，包括堆内存配置、垃圾回收策略等。 5. **网络性能**：讨论网络带宽管理、TCP/IP配置和网络负载均衡，以优化网络传输性能。 6. **存储性能管理**：涵盖RAID级别、文件系统类型（如JFS2）选择和存储池管理，以及如何通过调整I/O子系统来提高读写速度。 7. **负载均衡与故障转移**：介绍如何通过工作负载管理和高可用性技术（如HACMP）来确保服务的连续性和性能。 8. **性能基准测试**：学习如何创建和执行基准测试，以便在不同的系统配置下比较性能。 9. **性能最佳实践**：提供在特定业务场景下的性能优化建议和案例研究，帮助学员理解如何在实际环境中应用所学知识。 10. **安全与维护**：虽然不是直接的性能管理话题，但安全设置和定期维护可以防止性能下降，这部分可能也会涉及。请注意，IBM认证的课程材料通常会包含实战练习和案例研究，以帮助学员将理论知识转化为实际操作能力。由于文档内容未经正式IBM测试，使用时需根据具体环境进行评估和调整，风险自负。此外，文档版权受保护，未经授权不得复制或分发。对于美国政府用户，文档的使用、复制和披露应遵循特定的限制和规定。

Instructor Guide

Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part

without the prior written permission of IBM.

xvi AIX Performance Management © Copyright IBM Corp. 2000, 2004

We review the standard tools, vmstat and ps, that they should

remember from previous courses. The advanced tool, svmon, is

covered with emphasis on interpreting the reports. rmss is

introduced as a separate topic. Both uses are discussed: a memory

simulator and a driver to run an application over a variety of

memory sizes. A wide variety of output reports is included. The

focus then turns to corrective actions; both application and system.

Point out that with successive iterations of AIX, more and more

system functions are externalized. A good example of this is the

addition of vmo, ioo and schedo, which are covered in detail here.

vmo and ioo will appear again in the file system lecture to tune the

read ahead capability. Caution the students that if they are not

careful, they can harm the system performance instead of helping

it.

I/O is split into two lectures - first, physical and logical storage, then

file systems. This was done to emphasize that for best performance

of file systems, you must first start with good physical and logical

volume configuration. In the concepts topic of the physical and

logical volumes lecture, there is a review from the system

administration class of the storage hierarchy. This is followed by

extensive information on adapters and disks. As storage gets more

complex, so does performance management. RAID, in particular,

has become an important component, and the different RAID levels

have vast differences in performance. The logical volume section

should be reviewed from system administration class.

We then move on to monitoring tools. iostat is shown and filemon

introduced. filemon is used here to show physical and logical disk

activity. In the next lecture, it will again be used, but will focus on file

and file system activity. We also introduce the AIX 5L hot spot

management tools of lvmstat and migratelv, These are extremely

useful tools which enable us at a physical partition level to profile

which are the hottest PPs and to be able to redistribute them for

performance improvement. The tuning section focuses on

configuration of physical volumes and volume groups, followed by

organization of logical volumes for highest performance.

Moving on to the file system lecture, concepts of organization and

inodes plus characteristics, such as BSD fragmentation and

compression, are covered. In the monitoring tools topic, then, we

revisit filemon from a file and file system perspective. The tool

fileplace is discussed as a way to check fragmentation of files,

once they are identified as “hot” by filemon.

The tuning section contains both application suggestions and file

system reorganization hints. The defrags command is shown to

Instructor Guide

Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part

without the prior written permission of IBM.

V3.1

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recover small “holes” in the file system storage due to utilizing the

BSD fragmentation. Our friend ioo is used again, but this time to

change the read ahead function. For mixed environments of large

batch I/O activity and interactive users, I/0 pacing may help balance

the overall performance.

Moving down the flowchart, the network lecture has a large section

on concepts. This is due to the vast amount of tunable network

parameters and the knowledge required to tune them properly.

The lecture then goes into network monitoring tools: netstat and

netpmon, followed by suggestions for tuning TCP and UDP by using

the no and ifconfig commands. This is one of the few places in the

course where we actually give hard numbers as recommended

settings. Too often, setting performance parameters is dependent

on so many factors that hard and fast recommendations for settings

are impossible. The lecture also covers the use of network trace

facilities iptrace and tcpdump which are sometimes needed to see

exactly what is happening in the protocol.

The lecture then moves to focus on NFS. Just as we covered

monitoring then tuning for TCP/UDP, we do the same for NFS.

nfsstat is the primary monitoring tool, while tuning is

accomplished by changing NFS file system attributes in

/etc/filesystems and using the no command.

trace is the catch-all tool. It’s used to get more detailed

performance data or when you don’t have a clue about what’s

happening. We cover using trace to collect the data, then trcrpt to

format it.

The primary use of trace is for isolating the cause of idle time and

to verify that a system is/is not thrashing. If students prefer to use

trace from smit or the Web base System Manager, that is also

covered in the lectures.

Performance Toolbox for AIX (PTX) is covered in detail in the

Additional Tools lecture.

The Database Tuning lecture describes the components involved in

database tuning. Then, ways to tune DBMS and database I/O.

The Summary lecture wraps it all up by revisiting the flowchart and

methodology.

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