使用OpenStack构建云平台实战指南

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"OpenStack in Action 是一本由 V.K. Cody Bumgardner 编著，Jay Pipes 撰写前言的专业书籍，由 Manning 出版社在2016年出版。这本书专注于实际应用案例和逐步指导，旨在帮助读者从规划到部署构建自己的云平台。书中详细介绍了如何设计物理硬件集群以及构建自定义云平台所需的基础设施服务。" OpenStack 是一个开源的云计算平台，用于构建私有云和公有云。它提供了多种服务组件，包括计算、存储和网络资源的管理。"OpenStack in Action" 这本书深入浅出地讲解了如何利用 OpenStack 构建和运营云环境。书中的内容可能涵盖了以下几个关键知识点： 1. **OpenStack 架构**：首先，书中可能会介绍 OpenStack 的核心组件，如 Nova（计算）、Neutron（网络）、Swift（对象存储）和 Cinder（块存储），以及 Glance（镜像服务）、Keystone（身份管理）等其他服务，这些组件如何协同工作来提供全面的云解决方案。 2. **硬件规划**：在构建云平台时，硬件规划是至关重要的。作者可能会讨论如何选择合适的服务器、存储设备和网络硬件，以及如何优化它们以满足性能和扩展性需求。 3. **OpenStack 部署**：书中会提供详细的步骤指导，解释如何安装和配置 OpenStack 控制节点和计算节点，以及如何进行高可用性设计以确保服务的连续性。 4. **网络配置**：OpenStack 的 Neutron 服务负责网络管理，书里会涉及如何设置虚拟网络、安全组规则和负载均衡，以支持多租户和动态网络分配。 5. **自动化与编排**：自动化工具如 Ansible 和 Puppet 可能会被介绍，它们可以帮助简化 OpenStack 集群的部署和维护。同时，可能还会讨论 OpenStack Heat 服务，它是用来创建和管理云资源的模板化编排工具。 6. **监控和日志管理**：对于任何云平台，监控系统和日志管理都是必不可少的。书中可能会讲解如何集成 Prometheus、Grafana 和 ELK Stack（Elasticsearch、Logstash、Kibana）等工具，以便于实时监控和诊断问题。 7. **安全性与合规性**：书中会涵盖 OpenStack 安全的最佳实践，如使用 SSL/TLS 加密通信、访问控制策略、数据保护和合规性检查。 8. **扩展性与优化**：随着业务增长，如何扩展 OpenStack 平台以应对更大规模的需求是重要的主题。书里可能包含如何添加新的节点、负载均衡策略以及性能调优的方法。 9. **灾难恢复与备份**：如何设计有效的灾难恢复计划以及实施定期备份策略也是重要的内容，以确保在发生故障时能够快速恢复服务。 10. **案例研究**：书中可能会包含真实世界的案例研究，展示企业如何成功采用 OpenStack 解决方案，并克服他们在云平台建设过程中遇到的挑战。通过阅读 "OpenStack in Action"，读者不仅可以掌握 OpenStack 的基本概念和技术，还能获得实践经验和策略，从而能够有效地构建和管理自己的 OpenStack 云环境。

preface

My first exposure to OpenStack came in the summer of 2011 while I was working at

the University of Kentucky. My coworker and friend, Brent Salisbury, and I were

invited to meet with a Fortune 50 technology company to discuss a product develop-

ment project. During our meeting, the project’s executive sponsor gave us the option

to work with existing commercial tools or investigate the use of a community project

called OpenStack. Naturally, we chose to work with the framework we knew nothing

about, and so began our OpenStack journey. Nothing came of the product develop-

ment project, but the OpenStack encounter, as it turned out, became a turning point

in our professional, and in my case academic, careers. Brent left the university and

cofounded a startup that was acquired by Docker, where he currently works. I, on the

other hand, transferred from a master’s to a doctoral program and wrote this book.

By early 2013, the Grizzly release of OpenStack somewhat resembled current ver-

sions, but instabilities due to rapid feature inclusion prevented us from considering

OpenStack production-ready for our enterprise environment. But although I was not

ready to put my neck on the line with OpenStack for the enterprise, research comput-

ing was another story. As part of a graduate independent study class, I documented

the use cases, architecture, and strategy around using OpenStack in research comput-

ing. In addition, I described the process and eventual adoption of the platform as a

private cloud for our enterprise.

I used figure 1 in my original academic report to represent the component-level dis-

tribution of OpenStack. I suspect cooking an elephant, much like eating one, must be

done a piece at a time. Far too often in technology, we accept technological isolation as

an organizationally sound practice—“I am a storage guy,” or “I am a network girl”—but

this is paramount to someone only eating one part of the elephant. In this book I’ve

Licensed to tracy moore <nordick.an@gmail.com>

ABOUT THIS BOOK xix

Despite the differences in clouds and the types of organizations that are best posi-

tioned to take advantage of them, the clouds themselves can be built using the same

technologies. Although the ingredients that make up cloud resources might be the

same, the recipes and methods of consumption can be very different.

OpenStack is a powerful framework for constructing both private and public

clouds. Fundamentally, OpenStack abstracts and provides a common

API for the hard-

ware and software used in building clouds. The framework provides two very impor-

tant things:

 Abstraction of hardware and software resources, which prevents vendor lock-in

of any particular component

 A common API across resources, which allows for complete orchestration of

connected components

The first aspect is nice from a financial perspective, but the second is the key to a mod-

ern IT transformation. For enterprise

IT, OpenStack brings the same level of transfor-

mational efficiency to cloud deployment.

Why OpenStack in Action?

This book is intended as a step-by-step, bottom-up guide for constructing computa-

tional clouds of resources. My intended audience includes researchers, administra-

tors, and students interested in the deployment of an OpenStack environment. There

are no technical prerequisites beyond a basic operational knowledge of Linux, and

the material is suited to people with very different backgrounds and technical abili-

ties. Similarly, OpenStack is suited for many use cases.

Despite separate use cases utilizing the same OpenStack framework, the require-

ments and design of private clouds can vary greatly from those of service providers.

Enterprises are interested in providing private resource clouds for their organizations.

These private clouds don’t just represent additional services; they can represent a

transformation in the way organizations provide computational resources.

This book comprises

 An introduction to OpenStack through the automated deployment of a single-

node development environment

 A deeper understanding of OpenStack through a step-by-step manual deploy-

ment of a multi-node environment

 The impacts of private cloud technologies (OpenStack, Ceph, Juju, and the

like) from the perspective of

IT operations

 The deployment of a production OpenStack environment using vendor-

provided automated deployment and management tools

The architecture covered in the book is appropriate for small (5-node) to large enter-

prise (100-node) private cloud deployments. In addition, chapter 12 walks you

through the use of application orchestration tools like OpenStack Heat and Ubuntu

Juju on your newly constructed private cloud.

Licensed to tracy moore <nordick.an@gmail.com>

www.allitebooks.com

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