探索HTTP全攻略：协议与Web开发核心技术详解

需积分: 9 175 浏览量更新于2024-07-18 收藏 9.78MB PDF 举报

《HTTP权威指南》(HTTP: The Definitive Guide)是一本深入讲解HTTP协议及其在Web开发中的核心作用的专业书籍。作者David Gourley、Brian Totty与Marjorie Sayer、Sailu Reddy和Anshu Aggarwal共同编撰，该书不仅详细阐述了HTTP的工作原理，还涵盖了与之紧密相关的其他互联网技术，使读者能够全面理解网络通信的基础。本书的核心内容围绕以下几个方面展开： 1. **HTTP基础**：解释了HTTP（超文本传输协议）的本质，包括其版本（如HTTP/1.1和HTTP/2）以及它如何在客户端（如浏览器）和服务器（如Web服务器）之间进行数据交换。读者可以了解到请求与响应的结构、状态码以及头部信息的重要性。 2. **工作原理与动机**：书中揭示了HTTP协议背后的逻辑，包括为何采用无状态（stateless）设计、长连接（persistent connections）的运用以及缓存机制的作用。这些设计决策对性能优化和用户体验至关重要。 3. **性能考虑**：探讨了HTTP性能瓶颈，比如延迟、带宽限制、以及如何通过压缩（GZIP）、CDN（内容分发网络）和负载均衡来提高响应速度。同时，还会涉及HTTP/2的多路复用（multiplexing）和首部压缩等新特性。 4. **应用场景与扩展**：除了基础概念，书中还介绍了HTTP在实际开发中的应用，如RESTful API设计、WebSocket、HTTPS安全通信以及现代Web服务架构。这有助于读者将理论知识转化为实际项目开发。 5. **互联网技术集成**：由于HTTP依赖于众多互联网技术，如DNS（域名系统）、TCP/IP（传输控制协议/因特网协议）和SSL/TLS（安全套接层/传输层安全），《HTTP权威指南》会深入剖析这些技术如何协同工作，确保网络通信的稳定性和安全性。 6. **web编程与管理**：最后，书中提供了关于如何利用HTTP进行Web应用程序的开发、调试和维护的实用技巧，帮助读者提升编程技能和Web管理员能力。《HTTP权威指南》是一本不可或缺的参考资料，无论是对Web开发者、系统管理员还是网络工程师，都能从中获得深入了解HTTP协议及其在现代Web世界中所扮演的角色所需的知识。通过阅读这本书，读者可以建立起坚实的理论基础，以便更好地设计、优化和维护基于HTTP的Web服务。

xiv

Preface

This book is the result of a tremendous amount of work by many people who share

an enthusiasm for Internet technologies. We hope you find it useful.

Running Example: Joe’s Hardware Store

Many of our chapters include a running example of a hypothetical online hardware

and home-improvement store called “Joe’s Hardware” to demonstrate technology

concepts. We have set up a real web site for the store (http://www.joes-hardware.

com) for you to test some of the examples in the book. We will maintain this web site

while this book remains in print.

Chapter-by-Chapter Guide

This book contains 21 chapters, divided into 5 logical parts (each with a technology

theme), and 8 useful appendixes containing reference data and surveys of related

technologies:

Part I, HTTP: The Web’s Foundation

Part II, HTTP Architecture

Part III, Identification, Authorization, and Security

Part IV, Entities, Encodings, and Internationalization

Part V, Content Publishing and Distribution

Part VI, Appendixes

Part I, HTTP: The Web’s Foundation, describes the core technology of HTTP, the

foundation of the Web, in four chapters:

• Chapter 1, Overview of HTTP, is a rapid-paced overview of HTTP.

• Chapter 2, URLs and Resources, details the formats of uniform resource locators

(URLs) and the various types of resources that URLs name across the Internet. It

also outlines the evolution to uniform resource names (URNs).

• Chapter 3, HTTP Messages, details how HTTP messages transport web content.

• Chapter 4, Connection Management, explains the commonly misunderstood and

poorly documented rules and behavior for managing HTTP connections.

Part II, HTTP Architecture, highlights the HTTP server, proxy, cache, gateway, and

robot applications that are the architectural building blocks of web systems. (Web

browsers are another building block, of course, but browsers already were covered

thoroughly in Part I of the book.) Part II contains the following six chapters:

• Chapter 5, Web Servers, gives an overview of web server architectures.

• Chapter 6, Proxies, explores HTTP proxy servers, which are intermediary serv-

ers that act as platforms for HTTP services and controls.

• Chapter 7, Caching, delves into the science of web caches—devices that improve

performance and reduce traffic by making local copies of popular documents.

Preface

• Chapter 8, Integration Points: Gateways, Tunnels, and Relays, explains gateways

and application servers that allow HTTP to work with software that speaks dif-

ferent protocols, including Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encrypted protocols.

• Chapter 9, Web Robots, describes the various types of clients that pervade the

Web, including the ubiquitous browsers, robots and spiders, and search engines.

• Chapter 10, HTTP-NG, talks about HTTP developments still in the works: the

HTTP-NG protocol.

Part III, Identification, Authorization, and Security, presents a suite of techniques and

technologies to track identity, enforce security, and control access to content. It con-

tains the following four chapters:

• Chapter 11, Client Identification and Cookies, talks about techniques to identify

users so that content can be personalized to the user audience.

• Chapter 12, Basic Authentication, highlights the basic mechanisms to verify user

identity. The chapter also examines how HTTP authentication interfaces with

databases.

• Chapter 13, Digest Authentication, explains digest authentication, a complex

proposed enhancement to HTTP that provides significantly enhanced security.

• Chapter 14, Secure HTTP, is a detailed overview of Internet cryptography, digi-

tal certificates, and SSL.

Part IV, Entities, Encodings, and Internationalization, focuses on the bodies of HTTP

messages (which contain the actual web content) and on the web standards that

describe and manipulate content stored in the message bodies. Part IV contains three

chapters:

• Chapter 15, Entities and Encodings, describes the structure of HTTP content.

• Chapter 16, Internationalization, surveys the web standards that allow users

around the globe to exchange content in different languages and character sets.

• Chapter 17, Content Negotiation and Transcoding, explains mechanisms for

negotiating acceptable content.

Part V, Content Publishing and Distribution, discusses the technology for publishing

and disseminating web content. It contains four chapters:

• Chapter 18, Web Hosting, discusses the ways people deploy servers in modern

web hosting environments and HTTP support for virtual web hosting.

• Chapter 19, Publishing Systems, discusses the technologies for creating web con-

tent and installing it onto web servers.

• Chapter 20, Redirection and Load Balancing, surveys the tools and techniques for

distributing incoming web traffic among a collection of servers.

• Chapter 21, Logging and Usage Tracking, covers log formats and common

questions.

Preface

xvii

There is a web page for this book, which lists errata, examples, or any additional

information. You can access this page at:

http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/httptdg/

To comment or ask technical questions about this book, send email to:

bookquestions@oreilly.com

For more information about books, conferences, Resource Centers, and the O’Reilly

Network, see the O’Reilly web site at:

http://www.oreilly.com

Acknowledgments

This book is the labor of many. The five authors would like to hold up a few people

in thanks for their significant contributions to this project.

To start, we’d like to thank Linda Mui, our editor at O’Reilly. Linda first met with

David and Brian way back in 1996, and she refined and steered several concepts into

the book you hold today. Linda also helped keep our wandering gang of first-time

book authors moving in a coherent direction and on a progressing (if not rapid) time-

line. Most of all, Linda gave us the chance to create this book. We’re very grateful.

We’d also like to thank several tremendously bright, knowledgeable, and kind souls

who devoted noteworthy energy to reviewing, commenting on, and correcting drafts

of this book. These include Tony Bourke, Sean Burke, Mike Chowla, Shernaz Daver,

Fred Douglis, Paula Ferguson, Vikas Jha, Yves Lafon, Peter Mattis, Chuck Neer-

daels, Luis Tavera, Duane Wessels, Dave Wu, and Marco Zagha. Their viewpoints

and suggestions have improved the book tremendously.

Rob Romano from O’Reilly created most of the amazing artwork you’ll find in this

book. The book contains an unusually large number of detailed illustrations that

make subtle concepts very clear. Many of these illustrations were painstakingly cre-

ated and revised numerous times. If a picture is worth a thousand words, Rob added

hundreds of pages of value to this book.

Brian would like to personally thank all of the authors for their dedication to this

project. A tremendous amount of time was invested by the authors in a challenge to

make the first detailed but accessible treatment of HTTP. Weddings, childbirths,

killer work projects, startup companies, and graduate schools intervened, but the

authors held together to bring this project to a successful completion. We believe the

result is worthy of everyone’s hard work and, most importantly, that it provides a

valuable service. Brian also would like to thank the employees of Inktomi for their

enthusiasm and support and for their deep insights about the use of HTTP in real-

world applications. Also, thanks to the fine folks at Cajun-shop.com for allowing us

to use their site for some of the examples in this book.

剩余657页未读，继续阅读

ethware

粉丝: 1
资源: 4

探索HTTP全攻略：协议与Web开发核心技术详解

HTTP - The Definitive Guide 无水印pdf

HTTP: The Definitive Guide

The Definitive Guide to HTML5 Video 无水印pdf

Http The Definitive Guide

HTTP The Definitive Guide 2002

HTTP协议 - HTTP The Definitive Guide

HTTP The Definitive Guide.rar

HTTP, The Definitive Guide

HTTP - The Definitive Guide

HTTP-The Definitive Guide

最新资源