Array op erations.
The matrix op erations of addition and subtraction already op erate entry-wise but the
other matrix operations given ab ove do not|they are
matrix
operations. It is imp or-
tant to observe that these other op erations,
,
b
,
n
, and /, can b e made to operate
entry-wise by preceding them by a perio d. For example, either
[1,2,3,4].*[1,2,3,4]
or
[1,2,3,4].
b
2
will yield
[1,4,9,16]
. Try it. This is particularly useful when using
Matlab graphics.
4. Statements, expressions, and variables; saving a session.
MATLAB is an
expression
language; the expressions you type are interpreted and
evaluated. MATLAB statements are usually of the form
variable = expression
, or simply
expression
Expressions are usually composed from operators, functions, and variable names. Eval-
uation of the expression pro duces a matrix, which is then displayed on the screen and
assigned to the variable for future use. If the variable name and = sign are omitted, a
variable
ans
(for answer) is automatically created to which the result is assigned.
A statement is normally terminated with the carriage return. However, a statement can
be continued to the next line with three or more periods followed by a carriage return. On
the other hand, several statements can b e placed on a single line if separated by commas
or semicolons.
If the last character of a statement is a semicolon, the printing is suppressed, but the
assignment is carried out. This is essential in suppressing unwanted printing of intermediate
results.
MATLAB is case-sensitive in the names of commands, functions, and variables. For
example,
solveUT
is not the same as
solveut
.
The command
who
(or
whos
) will list the variables currently in the workspace. A
variable can b e cleared from the workspace with the command
clear
variablename
. The
command
clear
alone will clear all nonp ermanent variables.
The p ermanent variable
eps
(epsilon) gives the machine unit roundo|ab out 10
16
on
most machines. It is useful in sp ecifying tolerences for convergence of iterative pro cesses.
A runaway display or computation can b e stopped on most machines without leaving
MATLAB with CTRL-C (CTRL-BREAK on a PC).
Saving a session.
When one logs out or exits MATLAB all variables are lost. However, invoking the
command
save
before exiting causes all variables to be written to a non-human-readable
diskle named
matlab.mat
. When one later reenters MATLAB, the command
load
will
restore the workspace to its former state.
3
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