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首页C# 2010快速入门教程:掌握.NET 4.0编程
C# 2010快速入门教程:掌握.NET 4.0编程
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更新于2024-07-24
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"C#.2010捷径教程是一本由Trey Nash编写的书籍,旨在帮助读者快速掌握C# 2010编程语言和.NET Framework 4.0的相关知识。本书通过加速学习的方式,提供了深入浅出的C#教程,适合想要快速提升C#技能的读者。"
在《C# 2010捷径教程》中,作者Trey Nash详细介绍了C# 2010的关键特性,包括语言更新、.NET Framework 4.0的新功能以及如何利用这些工具进行高效开发。以下是一些核心知识点:
1. **C# 2010新特性**:C# 2010引入了许多新特性,如自动属性(Auto-Properties)、匿名类型(Anonymous Types)、扩展方法(Extension Methods)和LINQ(Language Integrated Query)。这些特性提高了代码的简洁性和可读性,同时也增强了开发效率。
2. **自动属性**:自动属性允许开发者以更简洁的方式声明和初始化字段,减少了样板代码,提高了开发速度。
3. **匿名类型**:在C# 2010中,可以创建不指定名称的类型实例,主要用于临时数据结构,简化了临时对象的创建。
4. **扩展方法**:扩展方法允许在不修改现有类的情况下向其添加新方法,这是一种强大的面向对象编程工具,可以增强代码的可复用性和灵活性。
5. **LINQ(Language Integrated Query)**:这是C# 2010的一项重大改进,它将查询表达式直接集成到语言中,使得数据访问更加直观和高效。无论数据源是数据库、XML还是其他集合,都可以使用统一的查询语法。
6. **.NET Framework 4.0**:该版本引入了许多新特性,例如并行编程库(Parallel Extensions),用于构建多线程和多核环境的应用程序;WCF(Windows Communication Foundation)和WPF(Windows Presentation Foundation)的改进,以及WF(Windows Workflow Foundation)的增强,提高了服务和用户体验。
7. **异步编程**:C# 2010开始支持异步编程模型,使用`async`和`await`关键字简化了异步操作的编写,提高了应用程序的响应性。
8. **动态类型**:C# 2010引入了动态类型`dynamic`,允许在运行时确定类型,这对于与动态语言如Python或JavaScript的交互非常有用。
9. **泛型**:C# 2010对泛型进行了优化,增加了约束和协变/逆变支持,使得泛型类型在更广泛的场景下可用。
10. **错误处理和异常处理**:书中会讲解如何有效使用`try-catch-finally`块进行异常处理,以及如何自定义异常类型,以提高程序的健壮性。
通过阅读这本书,读者不仅可以学习到C# 2010的基础知识,还能掌握高级特性和最佳实践,从而成为熟练的C#开发者。此外,技术审阅者Damien Foggon的贡献确保了内容的专业性和准确性。书中的实例和练习有助于巩固理论知识,并转化为实际编程能力。
■ CONTENTS
xiv
Sortability and Searchability .................................................................................................................248
Synchronization ....................................................................................................................................249
Vectors vs. Arrays .................................................................................................................................249
Multidimensional Rectangular Arrays ............................................................................251
Multidimensional Jagged Arrays....................................................................................253
Collection Types.............................................................................................................255
Comparing ICollection<T> with ICollection ..........................................................................................255
Collection Synchronization....................................................................................................................257
Lists.......................................................................................................................................................258
Dictionaries ...........................................................................................................................................259
Sets.......................................................................................................................................................259
System.Collections.ObjectModel...........................................................................................................260
Efficiency ..............................................................................................................................................262
IEnumerable<T>, IEnumerator<T>, IEnumerable, and IEnumerator.............................264
Types That Produce Collections............................................................................................................267
Iterators..........................................................................................................................268
Forward, Reverse, and Bidirectional Iterators ......................................................................................273
Collection Initializers......................................................................................................277
Summary........................................................................................................................278
■Chapter 10: Delegates, Anonymous Functions, and Events................................. 279
Overview of Delegates ...................................................................................................279
Delegate Creation and Use.............................................................................................280
Single Delegate.....................................................................................................................................281
Delegate Chaining.................................................................................................................................282
Iterating Through Delegate Chains........................................................................................................284
Unbound (Open Instance) Delegates.....................................................................................................285
Events ............................................................................................................................288
Anonymous Methods......................................................................................................292
Captured Variables and Closures ..........................................................................................................295
■ CONTENTS
xv
Beware the Captured Variable Surprise................................................................................................297
Anonymous Methods as Delegate Parameter Binders..........................................................................300
The Strategy Pattern ......................................................................................................304
Summary........................................................................................................................305
■Chapter 11: Generics ........................................................................................... 307
Difference Between Generics and C++ Templates........................................................308
Efficiency and Type Safety of Generics..........................................................................309
Generic Type Definitions and Constructed Types ..........................................................311
Generic Classes and Structs .................................................................................................................311
Generic Interfaces.................................................................................................................................314
Generic Methods ...................................................................................................................................315
Generic Delegates.................................................................................................................................317
Generic Type Conversion ......................................................................................................................320
Default Value Expression ......................................................................................................................321
Nullable Types.......................................................................................................................................323
Constructed Types Control Accessibility...............................................................................................325
Generics and Inheritance ......................................................................................................................325
Constraints.....................................................................................................................327
Constraints on Nonclass Types.............................................................................................................332
Co- and Contravariance .................................................................................................332
Covariance ............................................................................................................................................334
Contravariance......................................................................................................................................337
Invariance .............................................................................................................................................339
Variance and Delegates ........................................................................................................................340
Generic System Collections ...........................................................................................344
Generic System Interfaces.............................................................................................345
Select Problems and Solutions ......................................................................................347
Conversion and Operators within Generic Types ..................................................................................347
Creating Constructed Types Dynamically .............................................................................................357
■ CONTENTS
xvi
Summary........................................................................................................................358
■Chapter 12: Threading in C# ................................................................................ 361
Threading in C# and .NET...............................................................................................361
Starting Threads ...................................................................................................................................362
Passing Data to New Threads..........................................................................................................363
Using ParameterizedThreadStart.....................................................................................................365
The IOU Pattern and Asynchronous Method Calls.................................................................................366
States of a Thread.................................................................................................................................366
Terminating Threads.............................................................................................................................369
Halting Threads and Waking Sleeping Threads ....................................................................................371
Waiting for a Thread to Exit...................................................................................................................372
Foreground and Background Threads...................................................................................................372
Thread-Local Storage............................................................................................................................373
How Unmanaged Threads and COM Apartments Fit In .........................................................................377
Synchronizing Work Between Threads ..........................................................................378
Lightweight Synchronization with the Interlocked Class ......................................................................379
SpinLock Class......................................................................................................................................385
Monitor Class ........................................................................................................................................387
Beware of Boxing.............................................................................................................................391
Pulse and Wait .................................................................................................................................392
Locking Objects.....................................................................................................................................396
ReaderWriterLock ............................................................................................................................397
ReaderWriterLockSlim .....................................................................................................................400
Mutex ...............................................................................................................................................401
Semaphore............................................................................................................................................402
Events ...................................................................................................................................................404
Win32 Synchronization Objects and WaitHandle ..................................................................................405
Using ThreadPool ...........................................................................................................407
Asynchronous Method Calls..................................................................................................................408
Timers ...................................................................................................................................................416
■ CONTENTS
xvii
Concurrent Programming...............................................................................................417
Task Class.............................................................................................................................................418
Parallel Class ........................................................................................................................................420
Easy Entry to the Thread Pool ...............................................................................................................425
Thread-Safe Collection Classes .....................................................................................426
Summary........................................................................................................................426
■Chapter 13: In Search of C# Canonical Forms ..................................................... 429
Reference Type Canonical Forms ..................................................................................429
Default to sealed Classes......................................................................................................................430
Use the Non-Virtual Interface (NVI) Pattern...........................................................................................431
Is the Object Cloneable? .......................................................................................................................434
Is the Object Disposable?......................................................................................................................440
Does the Object Need a Finalizer? ........................................................................................................443
What Does Equality Mean for This Object? ...........................................................................................450
Reference Types and Identity Equality.............................................................................................451
Value Equality ..................................................................................................................................454
Overriding Object.Equals for Reference Types ................................................................................454
If You Override Equals, Override GetHashCode Too ..............................................................................457
Does the Object Support Ordering? ......................................................................................................461
Is the Object Formattable?....................................................................................................................463
Is the Object Convertible? .....................................................................................................................467
Prefer Type Safety at All Times.............................................................................................................469
Using Immutable Reference Types .......................................................................................................473
Value Type Canonical Forms..........................................................................................476
Override Equals for Better Performance ...............................................................................................477
Do Values of This Type Support Any Interfaces? ..................................................................................481
Implement Type-Safe Forms of Interface Members and Derived Methods ..........................................482
Summary........................................................................................................................484
Checklist for Reference Types ..............................................................................................................485
Checklist for Value Types......................................................................................................................486
■ CONTENTS
xviii
■Chaper 14: Extension Methods ............................................................................489
Introduction to Extension Methods ................................................................................489
How Does the Compiler Find Extension Methods? ...............................................................................490
Under the Covers...................................................................................................................................493
Code Readability versus Code Understandability..................................................................................494
Recommendations for Use.............................................................................................495
Consider Extension Methods Over Inheritance .....................................................................................495
Isolate Extension Methods in Separate Namespace .............................................................................496
Changing a Type’s Contract Can Break Extension Methods .................................................................497
Transforms.....................................................................................................................497
Operation Chaining.........................................................................................................502
Custom Iterators ............................................................................................................503
Borrowing from Functional Programming.............................................................................................505
The Visitor Pattern..........................................................................................................511
Summary........................................................................................................................515
■Chaper 15: Lambda Expressions ......................................................................... 517
Introduction to Lambda Expressions..............................................................................517
Lambda Expressions and Closures .......................................................................................................518
Closures in C# 1.0 ............................................................................................................................521
Closures in C# 2.0 ............................................................................................................................523
Lambda Statements..............................................................................................................................524
Expression Trees............................................................................................................524
Operating on Expressions .....................................................................................................................527
Functions as Data .................................................................................................................................528
Useful Applications of Lambda Expressions ..................................................................529
Iterators and Generators Revisited .......................................................................................................529
More on Closures (Variable Capture) and Memoization ........................................................................533
Currying ................................................................................................................................................538
Anonymous Recursion ..........................................................................................................................540
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