Kakadu 2.2官方演示工具：Windows与Mac版详解

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Kakadu是一款强大的JPEG 2000文件处理工具，主要通过其官方提供的两个演示应用程序kduwinshow和kdumacshow来实现功能展示。这些应用分别针对Windows和Mac平台，支持从Windows XP到Windows系统以及从MAC-OSX 10.5及以上版本，包括Intel和PPC处理器。Kakadu的源代码是开放的，并且随软件许可提供，允许开发者利用这些代码构建更为复杂的应用程序。 kduwinshow是Windows平台的文件查看器，而kdumacshow则针对Mac用户。尽管它们的功能完全相同，拥有丰富的菜单选项和相似的快捷键，但界面设计因操作系统不同而有所差异。这些应用的核心基于Kakadu的平台独立API，如kduregioncompositor、kduregionanimator、jpxsource、mj2source以及kduclient等，这些API使得应用能够跨平台运行并实现高效的数据处理。 “kdumacshow”的名称表明它专为Mac用户设计，提供了图形用户界面（GUI）的交互体验，适应Mac的特性和操作习惯。由于底层使用了Kakadu API，因此无论是Windows还是Mac上的应用程序都能确保在JPEG 2000文件处理方面的一致性和高效性。用户手册针对这两个应用程序提供了详细的指导，涵盖了如何使用它们浏览、解析、分析或编辑JPEG 2000文件，以及如何利用这些工具进行图像数据的显示、处理和性能优化。随着Kakadu版本的更新，例如v7.0，手册也会相应更新，以适应新功能和改进。学习和理解kduwinshow和kdumacshow不仅有助于开发者深入掌握Kakadu技术，也对日常的JPEG 2000工作有极大帮助，无论是开发新的图像处理工具，还是优化现有的应用性能。同时，了解其背后的API架构和流程，可以帮助用户更好地利用Kakadu的特性，提高工作效率。

Taubman, 2001 User Manual for “kdu show” Page 6

also provides you with a special “Scale X2 ” feature, which may be accessed

via the View menu. While this may seem very similar to zooming, there is an

important distinction. The “Scale X2 ” feature causes each rendered image pixel

to be displayed using a 2x2 block of display pixels, regardless of the current zoom

setting. For example, zooming out from the image (so that it is being rendered

at 50% resolution) causes the highest frequency subbands and the last stage of

DWT synthesis to be dropped from the compressed imagery. With the “Scale

X2 ” you can visualize the resulting imagery more clearly, especially on displays

with very small pixels.

2.3 Focus Boxes

Focus boxes have at least 4 uses in “kdu show ”: 1) they deﬁne a centre for

zooming; 2) they deﬁne the region of interest during remote image browsing

with JPIP (see Section 4); 3) they highlight spatial regions of interest deﬁned

in the metadata; and 4) they provide a starting point for deﬁning new spatial

regions of interest to be added to the metadata using the methods described in

Section 5. As of version 7.0, focus boxes display slightly diﬀerently depending

on whether they are manually deﬁned are derived from some existing metadata.

For example, if you double click on an item in the metadata catalog sidebar that

happens to have region-of-interest associations, the image view will be navigated

to the relevant content and a focus box will appear around the relevant region.

However, if you subsequently move or redeﬁne the focus box, it will change in

appearance.

To deﬁne a focus box, hold the left mouse button down while dragging the

mouse to deﬁne the region of interest.

To remove a focus box, you may: 1) use the Focus menu; or 2) hit the “f”

accelerator key.

By default, the focus box will be displayed using both a highlighting tech-

nique and a dashed outline. The highlighting technique makes the rest of the

image slightly darker, and the focus box slightly lighter. You can turn oﬀ the

highlighting by using the Focus menu, or hitting the “h” accelerator key.

You can widen or shrink an existing focus box using the Focus menu, or the

“shift-w” and “shift-s” accelerators.

You can pan the focus box using the arrow keys, while holding down the

shift key. Basically, the accelerators which aﬀect the focus box are identical to

those used to manipulate the view window, except that the shift key is held

down.

2.4 Quality Layers

JPEG2000 codestreams may contain multiple embedded image qualities, which

form the foundation of quality progressive remote image browsing. By default,

local ﬁles are opened at maximum quality, but it can be useful to see the visual

quality associated with each compressed quality layer. To reduce the number of

quality layers you may use the Quality menu or the “<” accelerator. You may

Taubman, 2001 User Manual for “kdu show” Page 7

increase the quality again using the Quality menu using the “>” accelerator.

These manipulations automatically change the status bar to one which displays

the number of quality layers which are in use.

When playing video content, you might ﬁnd that displaying all of the avail-

able quality layers is too slow. Reducing the quality typically increases ren-

dering speed dramatically, especially when the original content was losslessly

compressed. Of course, this is only possible if multiple quality layers are avail-

able in the source content.

2.5 Navigating Between Image Elements

The “kdu show” tool has 3 fundamental modes of image display, as follows:

Single Component Mode: In this mode, only a single image component is

displayed as a greyscale image. Image components typically correspond

to colour channels (e.g., red, green, blue, or luminance, and chrominance

channels), but they may correspond to alpha blending channels, palette

indices, or anything else.

To enter single component mode, use the View menu or hit either of

the “1” or “+” accelerator keys. While in this mode, you may navigate

forward and backward within the image components of a given codestream

by using the View menu or the “+” and “-” accelerators.

While in single component mode, you may navigate amongst the code-

streams in the ﬁle (JPX and MJ2 ﬁles may have any number of code-

streams) using the RETURN and BACKSPACE keys. Alternatively, you

may use the View menu or the animation control bar that appears as

needed at the bottom of the image view window.

Single Compositing Layer Mode: In this mode, only one compositing layer

is displayed, usually as a colour image, or alpha blended against a solid

white background. A JP2 ﬁle contains exactly one compositing layer,

which is the rendered colour image. A JPX ﬁle may contain any number

of compositing layers. A raw codestream is treated as having exactly one

compositing layer, corresponding to our best guess regarding the intended

display image.

A Motion JPEG2000 (MJ2) ﬁle may contain one or more video tracks,

each of which is treated as a compositing layer. This is sensible since MJ2

tracks can be composed onto a richer surface in the same way that JPX

compositing layers can be composed. The fundamental diﬀerence between

MJ2 video tracks as compositing layers and JPX compositing layers is that

the former typically involves multiple images (video frames), all with the

same dimensions, whereas the latter involves only a single image.

To enter single compositing layer mode, use the View menu or hit the

“L” accelerator key. While in this mode, you may navigate forward and

backward amongst JPX compositing layers or amongst frames of a current

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