Java网络编程第四版：轻松掌握网络类库

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"Java Network Programming 4th 原版pdf by Harold" 是一本由 Elliotte Rusty Harold 编写的关于使用Java进行网络编程的书籍。这本书旨在揭示Java网络编程的简单性和强大性，尤其适合那些有Unix、Windows或Macintosh环境网络编程经验的读者。书中介绍了Java核心API如何提供精心设计的接口来访问大多数网络功能，使得在Java中编写网络程序比使用C或C++更为简便。第四版更新于2013年，涵盖了如何利用Java的网络类库快速有效地完成各种常见的网络任务。 Java Network Programming 一书深入探讨了以下几个关键知识点： 1. **Java网络类库**：书中详细讲解了Java的Socket、ServerSocket、DatagramSocket和MulticastSocket等类，它们是构建网络应用程序的基础。这些类提供了连接、监听、发送和接收数据的能力，涵盖了TCP和UDP两种传输协议。 2. **套接字编程**：作者介绍如何使用Socket和ServerSocket进行面向连接的TCP通信。通过创建Socket实例与远程服务器建立连接，ServerSocket则用于监听客户端的连接请求，实现服务端与客户端之间的双向通信。 3. **数据报编程**：在UDP网络编程中，DatagramSocket和DatagramPacket用于发送和接收无连接的数据包。这种方式适用于对数据完整性要求不高的场景，如广播和多播通信。 4. **多线程与并发**：由于网络通信通常涉及多个并发操作，书中会讨论如何使用Java的Thread和Runnable接口以及ExecutorService来管理并发任务，确保程序的高效运行。 5. **网络安全**：书中可能涵盖SSL/TLS协议，用于加密网络通信，保护数据的安全性。此外，还会讨论如何处理网络异常和错误，确保程序的健壮性。 6. **网络I/O**：Java的InputStream和OutputStream类族在处理网络数据流时扮演重要角色。书中会介绍如何使用BufferedReader和PrintWriter进行文本I/O，以及使用InputStream和OutputStream进行二进制数据的读写。 7. **网络协议**：包括HTTP、FTP、SMTP等常见网络协议的Java实现，以及如何自定义协议处理。 8. **网络应用示例**：书中的实例代码展示了如何创建Web服务器、电子邮件客户端、文件传输程序等实际应用，帮助读者将理论知识转化为实践技能。 9. **错误处理与调试**：通过实例讲解如何检测和处理网络连接问题，如超时、连接失败等，并提供了调试网络程序的技巧。 10. **最新技术**：第四版可能包含了对Java 8及更高版本新特性的支持，如Lambda表达式和并发库的改进，以适应现代编程需求。 "Java Network Programming 4th Edition" 是一本全面覆盖Java网络编程的指南，无论你是初学者还是有经验的开发者，都能从中获益，提升网络编程的能力。

Chapter 12, UDP, introduces the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and the associated

DatagramPacket and DatagramSocket classes that provide fast, unreliable communi‐

cation. Finally, Chapter 13, IP Multicast, shows you how to use UDP to communicate

with multiple hosts at the same time.

Who You Are

This book assumes you are comfortable with the Java language and programming en‐

vironment, in addition to object-oriented programming in general. This book does not

attempt to be a basic language tutorial. You should be thoroughly familiar with the

syntax of Java. You should have written simple applications. It also wouldn’t hurt if you’re

familiar with basic Swing programming, though that’s not required aside from a few

examples. When you encounter a topic that requires a deeper understanding for net‐

work programming than is customary—for instance, threads and streams—I’ll cover

that topic as well, at least briefly.

However, this book doesn’t assume that you have prior experience with network pro‐

gramming. You should find it a complete introduction to networking concepts and

network application development. I don’t assume that you have a few thousand net‐

working acronyms (TCP, UDP, SMTP, etc.) at the tip of your tongue. You’ll learn what

you need to know about these here.

Java Versions

Java’s network classes have changed a lot more slowly since Java 1.0 than other parts of

the core API. In comparison to the AWT or I/O, there have been almost no changes and

only a few additions. Of course, all network programs make extensive use of the I/O

classes and some make heavy use of GUIs. This book is written with the assumption

that you are coding with at least Java 5.0. In general, I use Java 5 features like generics

and the enhanced for loop freely without further explanation.

For network programming purposes, the distinction between Java 5 and Java 6 is not

large. Most examples look identical in the two versions. When a particular method or

class is new in Java 6, 7, or 8, it is noted by a comment following its declaration like this:

public void setFixedLengthStreamingMode(long contentLength) // Java 7

Java 7 is a bit more of a stretch. I have not shied away from using features introduced

in Java 7 where they seemed especially useful or convenient—for instance, try-with-

resources and multicatch are both very helpful when trying to fit examples into the

limited space available in a printed book—but I have been careful to point out my use

of such features.

Overall, though, Java’s networking API has been relatively stable since Java 1.0. Very

little of the post-1.0 networking API has ever been deprecated, and additions have been

xvi | Preface

relatively minor. You shouldn’t have any trouble using this book after Java 8 is released.

New APIs, however, have been somewhat more frequent in the supporting classes, par‐

ticularly I/O, which has undergone three major revisions since Java 1.0.

About the Examples

Most methods and classes described in this book are illustrated with at least one com‐

plete working program, simple though it may be. In my experience, a complete working

program is essential to showing the proper use of a method. Without a program, it is

too easy to drop into jargon or to gloss over points about which the author may be

unclear in his own mind. The Java API documentation itself often suffers from exces‐

sively terse descriptions of the method calls. In this book, I have tried to err on the side

of providing too much explication rather than too little. If a point is obvious to you, feel

free to skip over it. You do not need to type in and run every example in this book; but

if a particular method does give you trouble, you should have at least one working

example.

Each chapter includes at least one (and often several) more complex programs that

demonstrate the classes and methods of that chapter in a more realistic setting. These

often rely on Java features not discussed in this book. Indeed, in many of the programs,

the networking components are only a small fraction of the source code and often the

least difficult parts. Nonetheless, none of these programs could be written as easily in

languages that didn’t give networking the central position it occupies in Java. The ap‐

parent simplicity of the networked sections of the code reflects the extent to which

networking has been made a core feature of Java, and not any triviality of the program

itself. All example programs presented in this book are available online, often with

corrections and additions. You can download the source code from http://www.cafeau

lait.org/books/jnp4/.

I have tested all the examples on Linux and many on Windows and Mac OS X. Most of

the examples given here should work on other platforms and with other compilers and

virtual machines that support Java 5 or later. The most common reasons an example

may not compile with Java 5 or 6 are try-with-resources and multicatch. These examples

can easily be rewritten to support earlier Java versions at the cost of increased verbosity.

I do feel a little guilty about a couple of compromises necessitated by the needs of space

in a printed book. First, I rarely check preconditions. Most methods assume they are

passed good data, and dispense with null checks and similar principles of good code

hygiene. Furthermore, I have reduced the indentation to two characters per block and

four characters per continuation line, as opposed to the Java standard of four and eight,

respectively. I hope these flaws will not be too distracting. On the positive side, these

compromises have aided me in making this edition considerably shorter (by several

hundred pages) than the previous edition.

Preface | xvii

When code is presented as fragments rather than complete programs, the existence of

the appropriate import statements should be inferred. For example, in the preceding

code fragment you may assume that java.net.Socket was imported.

Some examples intermix user input with program output. In these cases, the user input

will be displayed in bold, as in this example from Chapter 9:

% telnet rama.poly.edu 7

Trying 128.238.10.212...

Connected to rama.poly.edu.

Escape character is '^]'.

This is a test

This is another test

9876543210

telnet> close

Connection closed.

Finally, although many of the examples used here are toy examples unlikely to be reused,

a few of the classes I develop have real value. Please feel free to reuse them or any parts

of them in your own code. No special permission is required. They are in the public

domain (although the same is most definitely not true of the explanatory text!).

Request for Comments

I enjoy hearing from readers, whether with general comments about this book, specific

corrections, other topics they would like to see covered, or just war stories about their

own network programming travails. You can reach me by sending an email to

elharo@ibiblio.org. Please realize, however, that I receive several hundred pieces of email

a day and cannot personally respond to each one. For the best chance of getting a per‐

sonal response, please identify yourself as a reader of this book. If you have a question

about a particular program that isn’t working as you expect, try to reduce it to the

simplest case that reproduces the bug, preferably a single class, and paste the text of the

entire program into the body of your email. Unsolicited attachments will be deleted

unopened. And please, please send the message from the account you want me to reply

to and make sure that your Reply-to address is properly set! There’s nothing quite so

frustrating as spending an hour or more carefully researching the answer to an inter‐

esting question and composing a detailed response, only to have it bounce because my

correspondent sent her feedback from a public terminal and neglected to set the browser

preferences to include her actual email address.

I also adhere to the old saying “If you like this book, tell your friends. If you don’t like

it, tell me.” I’m especially interested in hearing about mistakes. This is the fourth edition.

I’ve yet to make it perfect, but I keep trying. As hard as I and the editors at O’Reilly

Preface | xix

worked on this book, I’m sure there are mistakes and typographical errors that we missed

here somewhere. And I’m sure that at least one of them is a really embarrassing whopper

of a problem. If you find a mistake or a typo, please let me know so I can correct it. I’ll

post it on the O’Reilly website at http://oreil.ly/java_np_errata. Before reporting errors,

please check one of those pages to see if I already know about it and have posted a fix.

Any errors that are reported will be fixed in future printings.

Using Code Examples

This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, if this book includes code

examples, you may use the code in this book in your programs and documentation. You

do not need to contact us for permission unless you’re reproducing a significant portion

of the code. For example, writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this

book does not require permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from

O’Reilly books does require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and

quoting example code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount

of example code from this book into your product’s documentation does require per‐

mission.

We appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An attribution usually includes the title,

author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: “Java Network Programming, Fourth Edition,

978-1-449-35767-2.”

If you feel your use of code examples falls outside fair use or the permission given here,

feel free to contact us at permissions@oreilly.com.

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Press, Apress, Manning, New Riders, McGraw-Hill, Jones & Bartlett, Course Technol‐

xx | Preface

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