Visual C# 2010编程入门指南

Visual.C#2010从入门到精通高清带标签

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"Visual C# 2010从入门到精通高清带标签" 本文将深入探讨Microsoft的编程语言Visual C# 2010，这是一个强大的工具，用于构建Windows桌面应用、Web应用以及游戏等各种软件。通过本书，无论是初学者还是有经验的开发者，都能逐步掌握Visual C# 2010的核心概念和技术。 Visual C# 2010是.NET Framework的一部分，它提供了丰富的类库和强大的集成开发环境（IDE），即Microsoft Visual Studio 2010。该版本引入了一些重要的新特性，如语言集成查询（LINQ）、异步编程模型（async/await）以及改进的代码编辑器，旨在提高开发效率和代码质量。 1. **基础语法和结构**：Visual C# 2010的基础包括变量、数据类型、控制流（条件语句、循环）、函数和对象等。理解这些基本元素是学习任何编程语言的第一步。此外，C#支持面向对象编程，包括类、接口、继承和多态性。 2. **.NET Framework**：.NET Framework是C#运行的平台，提供了大量的类库和服务，如Windows Forms和WPF（Windows Presentation Foundation）用于构建用户界面，ASP.NET用于Web开发，以及ADO.NET用于数据库交互。 3. **LINQ（Language Integrated Query）**：LINQ是C# 2010引入的重要特性，允许开发者使用类似SQL的语法在各种数据源（如数据库、XML、集合等）上执行查询，大大简化了数据操作。 4. **异步编程**：Visual C# 2010开始引入异步编程模型，但完整的async/await关键字是在后续版本中添加的。异步编程使得长时间运行的操作可以在不阻塞主线程的情况下进行，提高了用户体验。 5. **Windows Forms和WPF**：这两者是构建Windows应用程序的主要框架。Windows Forms提供了一种相对简单的方法来创建用户界面，而WPF则提供了更丰富的图形和媒体支持，以及基于XAML的声明式编程。 6. **ASP.NET**：对于Web开发，ASP.NET提供了构建动态网站和Web应用的框架，支持MVC（Model-View-Controller）模式和Web Forms模型。 7. **调试和测试**：Visual Studio 2010提供了强大的调试工具，包括断点、变量监视、调用堆栈查看等，帮助开发者定位和修复问题。同时，内置的单元测试框架有助于确保代码质量。 8. **国际化和本地化**：Visual C# 2010支持应用程序的国际化和本地化，允许软件适应不同地区的语言和文化设置。 9. **性能优化**：学习如何利用C#的特性，如缓存、委托、事件、泛型等，来提高代码的性能和可维护性。 10. **扩展性和插件**：Visual Studio 2010支持插件，开发者可以自定义工具窗口、菜单项和快捷键，以满足个人或团队的工作流程需求。通过"Visual C# 2010从入门到精通高清带标签"的学习，读者将能够熟练地运用C#进行软件开发，并掌握如何利用Visual Studio 2010的强大功能来提升开发效率。这本书不仅涵盖了语言的基本概念，还深入到了实际开发中的高级主题，是一本全面且实用的教程。

Table of Contents xv

Part VI Building Professional Solutions with

Visual Studio 2010

27 Introducing the Task Parallel Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599

Why Perform Multitasking by Using Parallel Processing?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600

The Rise of the Multicore Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601

Implementing Multitasking in a Desktop Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602

Tasks, Threads, and the ThreadPool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

Creating, Running, and Controlling Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604

Using the Task Class to Implement Parallelism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608

Abstracting Tasks by Using the Parallel Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617

Returning a Value from a Task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624

Using Tasks and User Interface Threads Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628

Canceling Tasks and Handling Exceptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632

The Mechanics of Cooperative Cancellation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633

Handling Task Exceptions by Using the AggregateException Class . . . . 641

Using Continuations with Canceled and Faulted Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . .645

Chapter 27 Quick Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .646

28 Performing Parallel Data Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

Using PLINQ to Parallelize Declarative Data Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650

Using PLINQ to Improve Performance While Iterating Through a

Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650

Specifying Options for a PLINQ Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655

Canceling a PLINQ Query. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

Synchronizing Concurrent Imperative Data Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

Locking Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659

Synchronization Primitives in the Task Parallel Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661

Cancellation and the Synchronization Primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .668

The Concurrent Collection Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .668

Using a Concurrent Collection and a Lock to Implement

Thread-Safe Data Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670

Chapter 28 Quick Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681

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xvii

Acknowledgments

An oft-repeated fable is that the workmen who paint the Forth Railway Bridge, a large

Victorian cantilever structure that spans the Firth of Forth just north of Edinburgh, have a

job for life. According to the myth, it takes them several years to paint it from one end to

the other, and when they have ﬁnished they have to start over again. I am not sure whether

this is due to the ferocity of the Scottish weather, or the sensitivity of the paint that is used,

although my daughter insists it is simply that the members of Edinburgh City Council have

yet to decide on a color scheme that they really like for the bridge. I sometimes feel that this

book has similar attributes. No sooner have I completed an edition and seen it published,

then Microsoft announces another cool update for Visual Studio and C#, and my friends at

Microsoft Press contact me and say, “What are your plans for the next edition?” However,

unlike painting the Forth Railway Bridge, working on a new edition of this text is always an

enjoyable task with a lot more scope for inventiveness than trying to work out new ways

to hold a paint brush. There is always something novel to learn and innovative technology

to play with. In this edition, I cover the new features of C# 4.0 and the .NET Framework 4.0,

which developers will ﬁnd invaluable for building applications that can take advantage of the

increasingly powerful hardware now becoming available. Hence, although this work appears

to be a never-ending task, it is always fruitful and pleasurable.

A large part of the enjoyment when working on a project such as this is the opportunity to

collaborate with a highly motivated group of talented people within Microsoft Press, the

developers at Microsoft working on Visual Studio 2010, and the people who review each

chapter and make suggestions for various improvements. I would especially like to single out

Rosemary Caperton and Stephen Sagman who have worked tirelessly to keep the project

on track, to Per Blomqvist who reviewed (and corrected) each chapter, and to Roger LeBlanc

who had the thankless task of copy-editing the manuscript and converting my prose into

English. I must also make special mention of Michael Blome who provided me with early

access to software and answered the many questions that I had concerning the Task Parallal

Library. Several members of Content Master were kept gainfully employed reviewing and

testing the code for the exercises—thanks Mike Sumsion, Chris Cully, James Millar, and Louisa

Perry. Of course, I must additionally thank Jon Jagger who co-authored the ﬁrst edition of

this book with me back in 2001.

Last but by no means least, I must thank my family. My wife Diana is a wonderful source

of inspiration. When writing Chapter 28 on the Task Parallel Library I had a mental block

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xix

Introduction

Microsoft Visual C# is a powerful but simple language aimed primarily at developers creating

applications by using the Microsoft .NET Framework. It inherits many of the best features of

C++ and Microsoft Visual Basic, but few of the inconsistencies and anachronisms, resulting

in a cleaner and more logical language. C# 1.0 made its public debut in 2001. The advent of

C# 2.0 with Visual Studio 2005 saw several important new features added to the language,

including Generics, Iterators, and anonymous methods. C# 3.0 which was released with

Visual Studio 2008, added extension methods, lambda expressions, and most famously of

all, the Language Integrated Query facility, or LINQ. The latest incarnation of the language,

C# 4.0, provides further enhancements that improve its interoperability with other languages

and technologies. These features include support for named and optional arguments, the

dynamic type which indicates that the language runtime should implement late binding for

an object, and variance which resolves some issues in the way in which generic interfaces are

deﬁned. C# 4.0 takes advantage of the latest version of the .NET Framework, also version

4.0. There are many additions to the .NET Framework in this release, but arguably the most

signiﬁcant are the classes and types that constitute the Task Parallel Library (TPL). Using the

TPL, you can now build highly scalable applications that can take full advantage of multi-core

processors quickly and easily. The support for Web services and Windows Communication

Foundation (WCF) has also been extended; you can now build services that follow the REST

model as well as the more traditional SOAP scheme.

The development environment provided by Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 makes all these

powerful features easy to use, and the many new wizards and enhancements included in

Visual Studio 2010 can greatly improve your productivity as a developer.

Who This Book Is For

This book assumes that you are a developer who wants to learn the fundamentals of

programming with C# by using Visual Studio 2010 and the .NET Framework version 4.0. In

this book, you will learn the features of the C# language, and then use them to build applica-

tions running on the Microsoft Windows operating system. By the time you complete this

book, you will have a thorough understanding of C# and will have used it to build Windows

Presentation Foundation applications, access Microsoft SQL Server databases by using ADO.

NET and LINQ, build responsive and scalable applications by using the TPL, and create REST

and SOAP Web services by using WCF.

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