解决电脑内存不足问题的实用方法

内存不足
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本文将介绍如何解决“内存不足”的问题，无论是DOS系统还是Windows系统，都有相应的处理方法。 首先，我们需要理解“内存不足”是指计算机的运行过程中，系统的可用内存不足以满足当前运行程序的需求，导致系统无法正常运行或运行缓慢。在DOS系统中，当系统出现“Out of memory”错误时，这通常意味着物理内存不足，而在Windows系统中，可能会显示“内存不足”或者“系统资源不足”的提示。 针对DOS系统的内存不足，我们可以采取以下措施： 1. 检查并调整CONFIG.SYS文件：配置文件中可能存在对内存管理的设置。例如，如果启用了EMM386.EXE来扩展内存管理，确保有足够空间分配给DOS和其他应用程序。可以尝试减少某些程序的内存占用，例如，如果WPS文档编辑器提示内存不足，可以在启动WPS之前关闭其他不必要的程序。 2. 更新DOS版本：升级到更高级别的DOS版本，如DOS 6.22，它提供了更好的内存管理和扩展内存支持。通过增加HIMEM.SYS设备驱动，可以让DOS将更多的内存分配给高级程序。 3. 使用内存优化工具：可以使用内存优化工具，如MEMMAKER，自动调整内存分配，以提高效率。 对于Windows系统，解决内存不足的方法包括： 1. 清理内存：关闭不必要的后台进程和服务，减少系统负担。可以使用任务管理器查看和结束占用内存较高的进程。 2. 调整系统设置：在控制面板的桌面设置中，将壁纸设置为无（None），以减少系统资源消耗。同时，对于程序的PIF文件，检查并调整Memory Requirements，限制其内存占用。 3. 利用虚拟内存：Windows系统会利用硬盘上的虚拟内存来弥补物理内存的不足。可以增大页面文件的大小，以提供更多的虚拟内存空间。 4. 优化启动项：检查WIN.INI文件中的[Run]和[Load]部分，移除不必要的启动项，减少开机时内存的占用。 5. 升级硬件：如果以上方法都无法解决问题，可能需要考虑升级硬件，增加物理内存条，以提升系统的内存容量。 总结来说，解决“内存不足”的问题，需要根据操作系统的特点进行针对性的调整和优化，包括管理内存分配、关闭不必要的程序、调整系统设置以及适时升级硬件。正确处理内存不足的问题，不仅可以提高电脑的工作效率，也能避免因系统崩溃或数据丢失带来的不便。

Debugging Malloc Lab: Detecting Memory-Related Errors

2012-10-31 上传
Introduction The usual implementation of malloc and free are unforgiving to errors in their callers' code, including cases where the programmer overflows an array, forgets to free memory, or frees a memory block twice. This often does not affect the program immediately, waiting until the corrupted memory is used later (in the case of overwrites) or gradually accumulating allocated but unused blocks. Thus, debugging can be extremely difficult. In this assignment, you will write a wrapper for the malloc package that will catch errors in the code that calls malloc and free. The skills you will have learned upon the completion of this exercise are pointer arithmetic and a greater understanding of the consequences of subtle memory mistakes. Logistics Unzip debugging_malloc.zip into an empty directory. The files contained are as follows: File(s): Function: debugmalloc.c Contains the implementation of the three functions you will be writing. This is the one file you will be editing and handing in. debugmalloc.h Contains the declaration of the functions, as well as the macros that will call them. driver.c Contains main procedure and the code that will be calling the functions in the malloc package dmhelper.c, dmhelper.h Contain the helper functions and macros that you will be calling from your code grader.pl Perl script that runs your code for the various test cases and gives you feedback based on your current code debugmalloc.dsp Exercise 3 project file debugmalloc.dsw Exercise 3 workspace file tailor.h, getopt.c, getopt.h Tools that are used only by the driver program for I/O purposes. You will not need to know what the code in these files do. Others Required by Visual C++. You do not need to understand their purpose Specification Programs that use this package will call the macros MALLOC and FREE. MALLOC and FREE are used exactly the same way as the malloc() and free() functions in the standard C malloc package. That is, the line void *ptr = MALLOC ( n ) ;will allocate a payload of at least n bytes, and ptr will point to the front of this block. The line FREE(ptr);will cause the payload pointed to by ptr to be deallocated and become available for later use. The macros are defined as follows: #define MALLOC(s) MyMalloc(s, __FILE__, __LINE__) #define FREE(p) MyFree(p, __FILE__, __LINE__) The __FILE__ macro resolves to the filename and __LINE__ resolves to the current line number. The debugmalloc.c file contains three functions that you are required to implement, as shown: void *MyMalloc(size_t size, char *filename, int linenumber); void MyFree(void *ptr, char *filename, int linenumber); int AllocatedSize(); Using the macros above allow MyMalloc and MyFree to be called with the filename and line number of the actual MALLOC and FREE calls, while retaining the same form as the usual malloc package. By default, MyMalloc and MyFree() simply call malloc() and free(), respectively, and return immediately. AllocatedSize() should return the number of bytes currently allocated by the user: the sum of the requested bytes through MALLOC minus the bytes freed using FREE. By default, it simply returns 0 and thus is unimplemented. The definitions are shown below: void *MyMalloc(size_t size, char *filename, int linenumber) { return (malloc(size)); } void MyFree(void *ptr, char *filename, int linenumber) { free(ptr); } int AllocatedSize() { return 0; } Your job is to modify these functions so that they will catch a number of errors that will be described in the next section. There are also two optional functions in the debugmalloc.c file that you can implement: void PrintAllocatedBlocks(); int HeapCheck(); PrintAllocatedBlocks should print out information about all currently allocated blocks. HeapCheck should check all the blocks for possible memory overwrites. Implementation Details To catch the errors, you will allocate a slightly larger amount of space and insert a header and a footer around the "requested payload". MyMalloc() will insert information into this area, and MyFree() will check to see if the information has not changed. The organization of the complete memory block is as shown below: Header Checksum ... Fence Payload Footer Fence Note:MyMalloc() returns a pointer to the payload, not the beginning of the whole block. Also, the ptr parameter passed into MyFree(void *ptr) will point to the payload, not the beginning of the block. Information that you might want to store in this extra (header, footer) area include: a "fence" immediately around the requested payload with a known value like 0xCCDEADCC, so that you can check if it has been changed when the block is freed. the size of the block a checksum for the header to ensure that it has not been corrupted (A checksum of a sequence of bits is calculated by counting the number of "1" bits in the stream. For example, the checksum for "1000100010001000" is 4. It is a simple error detection mechanism.) the filename and line number of the MALLOC() call The errors that can occur are: Error #1: Writing past the beginning of the user's block (through the fence) Error #2: Writing past the end of the user's block (through the fence) Error #3: Corrupting the header information Error #4: Attempting to free an unallocated or already-freed block Error #5: Memory leak detection (user can use ALLOCATEDSIZE to check for leaks at the end of the program) To report the first four errors, call one of these two functions: void error(int errorcode, char *filename, int linenumber); errorcode is the number assigned to the error as stated above. filename and linenumber contain the filename and line number of the line (the free call) in which the error is invoked. For example, call error(2, filename, linenumber) if you come across a situation where the footer fence has been changed. void errorfl(int errorcode, char *filename_malloc, int linenumber_malloc, char *filename_free, int linenumber_free); This is the same as the error(), except there are two sets of filenames and line numbers, one for the statement in which the block was malloc'd, and the other for the statement in which the block was free'd (and the error was invoked). The fact that MyMalloc() and MyFree() are given the filename and line number of the MALLOC() and FREE() call can prove to be very useful when you are reporting errors. The more information you print out, the easier it will be for the programmer to locate the error. Use errorfl() instead of error() whenever possible. errorfl() obviously cannot be used on situations where FREE() is called on an unallocated block, since it was not ever MALLOC'd. Note: You will only be reporting errors from MyFree(). None of the errors can be caught in MyMalloc() In the case of memory leaks, the driver program will call AllocatedSize(), and the grader will look at its return value and possible output. AllocatedSize() should return the number of bytes currently allocated from MALLOC and FREE calls. For example, the code segment: void *ptr1 = MALLOC(10), *ptr2 = MALLOC(8); FREE(ptr2); printf("%d\n", AllocatedSize()); should print out "10". Once you have gotten to the point where you can catch all of the errors, you can go an optional step further and create a global list of allocated blocks. This will allow you to perform analysis of memory leaks and currently allocated memory. You can implement the void PrintAllocatedBlocks() function, which prints out the filename and line number where all currently allocated blocks were MALLOC()'d. A macro is provided for you to use to print out information about a single block in a readable and gradeable format: PRINTBLOCK(int size, char *filename, int linenumber) Also, you can implement the int HeapCheck() function. This should check all of the currently allocated blocks and return -1 if there is an error and 0 if all blocks are valid. In addition, it should print out the information about all of the corrupted blocks, using the macro #define PRINTERROR(int errorcode, char *filename, int linenumber), with errorcode equal to the error number (according to the list described earlier) the block has gone through. You may find that this global list can also allow you to be more specific in your error messages, as it is otherwise difficult to determine the difference between an overwrite of a non-payload area and an attempted FREE() of an unallocated block. Evaluation You are given 7 test cases to work with, plus 1 extra for testing a global list. You can type "debugmalloc -t n" to run the n-th test. You can see the code that is being run in driver.c. If you have Perl installed on your machine, use grader.pl to run all the tests and print out a table of results. There are a total of 100 possible points. Here is a rundown of the test cases and desired output (do not worry about the path of the filename): Test case #1 Code char *str = (char *) MALLOC(12); strcpy(str, "123456789"); FREE(str); printf("Size: %d\n", AllocatedSize()); PrintAllocatedBlocks(); Error # None Correct Output Size: 0 Points worth 10 Details 10 points for not reporting an error and returning 0 in AllocatedSize() Test case #2 Code char *str = (char *) MALLOC(8); strcpy(str, "12345678"); FREE(str); Error # 2 Correct Output Error: Ending edge of the payload has been overwritten. in block allocated at driver.c, line 21 and freed at driver.c, line 23 Points worth 15 Details 6 pts for catching error 3 pts for printing the filename/line numbers 6 pts for correct error message Test case #3 Code char *str = (char *) MALLOC(2); strcpy(str, "12"); FREE(str); Error # 2 Correct Output Error: Ending edge of the payload has been overwritten. in block allocated at driver.c, line 28 and freed at driver.c, line 30 Points worth 15 Details 6 pts for catching error 3 pts for printing the filename/line numbers 6 pts for correct error message Test case #4 Code void *ptr = MALLOC(4); *ptr2 = MALLOC(6); FREE(ptr); printf("Size: %d\n", AllocatedSize()); PrintAllocatedBlocks(); Error # None Correct Output Size: 6 Currently allocated blocks: 6 bytes, created at driver.c, line 34 Points worth 15 Details 15 pts for not reporting an error and returning 6 from AllocatedSize Extra for printing out the extra block Test case #5 Code void *ptr = MALLOC(4); FREE(ptr); FREE(ptr); Error # 4 Correct Output Error: Attempting to free an unallocated block. in block freed at driver.c, line 43 Points worth 15 Details 15 pts for catching error Extra for correct error message Test case #6 Code char *ptr = (char *) MALLOC(4); *((int *) (ptr - 8)) = 8 + (1 << 31); FREE(ptr); Error # 1 or 3 Correct Output Error: Header has been corrupted.or Error: Starting edge of the payload has been overwritten. in block allocated at driver.c, line 47 and freed at driver.c, line 49 Points worth 15 Details 9 pts for catching error 6 pts for a correct error message Test case #7 Code char ptr[5]; FREE(ptr); Error # 4 Correct Output Error: Attempting to free an unallocated block. in block freed at driver.c, line 54 Points worth 15 Details 15 pts for recognizing error Extra for printing correct error message Test case #8 (Optional) Code int i; int *intptr = (int *) MALLOC(6); char *str = (char *) MALLOC(12); for(i = 0; i < 6; i++) { intptr[i] = i; } if (HeapCheck() == -1) { printf("\nCaught Errors\n"); } Error # None Correct Output Error: Ending edge of the payload has been overwritten. Invalid block created at driver.c, line 59 Caught Errors Points worth Extra Details "Caught Errors" indicates that the HeapCheck() function worked correctly. Extra points possible. Your instructor may give you extra credit for implementing a global list and the PrintAllocatedBlocks() and HeapCheck() functions.

浅谈pycharm出现卡顿的解决方法

2020-12-25 上传
使用pycharm时常出现   the IDE is running low on memory 的问题，表示pycharm这款IDE使用内存不足，需要在系统内存充足的情况下扩充IDE memory。 首先，打开File —> Appearance —>Windows Options —> 选中show memmory indicator —> OK 右下角会出现  左边数字为已使用IDE memory，右边数字为总共的IDE memory，初始为750M，如果pycharm出现卡顿，左边的数字将会逼近右边数字。 然后，在pycharm右上角工具栏选中 help —> Find Action

解决Python运行文件出现out of memory框的问题

2021-01-21 上传
爬虫过程中，发现pycharm变得非常卡，然后出现了这个框： 原本想的是4G内存不够，带不动程序，要加内存条。然后发现图中三个对话框的数字都可以改动，感叹号右边也说please increase ‘Xmx’setting 。于是把Xmx的512改成1024（因为只有第一行是红色，我就只改了第一行），然后continue，发现爬虫没有那么卡了。之后再打开pycharm也没有再出现out of memory的框。 以上这篇解决Python运行文件出现out of memory框的问题就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持软件开发网。

c# 内存不足解决方法

2023-10-26 上传
针对C#内存不足的问题，可以采取以下几种解决方法： 1. 使用using语句释放资源，确保对象在使用完后及时被销毁。 2. 使用垃圾回收机制，手动调用GC.Collect()方法进行垃圾回收。 3. 优化代码，减少内存占用。例如...

linux内存不足解决方法

2023-06-28 上传
1. 关闭不必要的进程和服务，释放内存资源。 2. 增加物理内存或者交换空间。 3. 优化程序代码，减少内存占用。 4. 使用内存压缩技术，如zram或zswap。 5. 调整内存分配策略，如使用cgroups或者numactl。 6. 使用内存...

如何解决jupyternotebook内存不足

2023-05-26 上传
如果在 Jupyter Notebook 中出现内存不足的问题，可以尝试以下...如果以上方法都无法解决内存不足的问题，建议考虑使用分布式计算框架，例如 Apache Spark，可以在集群中分布式地处理大规模数据，解决内存不足的问题。

如何解决arcgis内存不足

2024-01-05 上传
根据提供的引用内容，解决ArcGIS内存不足的方法如下： 1. 关闭不必要的ArcGIS服务和进程：打开任务管理器，找到ArcSOC.exe进程，右键选择结束进程，以释放内存资源。 2. 调整ArcGIS的内存使用设置：在ArcMap中，...

android内存不足造成的冻屏，有什么解决方法？

2023-05-13 上传
以下是一些可能的解决方法： 1. 关闭一些不必要的应用程序，释放内存空间。 2. 清理应用程序缓存，可以通过进入“设置”->“存储”->“缓存数据”来清理缓存。 3. 卸载一些不常用的应用程序，释放内存空间。 4. ...

linux内存不足 怎么解决

2023-07-13 上传
当Linux系统的内存不足时，可以采取以下措施来解决： 1. 释放缓存：Linux系统会将一部分内存用于缓存文件，可以通过释放缓存来腾出一些内存。使用以下命令可以清理缓存： ``` $ sudo sh -c 'echo 1 > /proc/sys/...

CUDA内存不足如何解决

2023-04-28 上传
当CUDA内存不足时，可以采取以下几种方法来解决： 1. 减少模型的大小：可以通过减少网络的深度或宽度、减少特征图的数量或尺寸、减少批次大小等方式来减小模型的大小，以便适应较小的内存。 2. 减少数据的大小：...
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