Nagios Core监控指南：构建综合网络监控解决方案

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"Nagios Core Administration Cookbook.pdf" 本书《Nagios Core Administration Cookbook》由Tom Ryder撰写，由Birmingham-Mumbai的Packt Publishing出版。这本书专注于Nagios Core的管理，旨在帮助读者开发一个集成的网络监控解决方案，适用于几乎任何类型的网络环境。 Nagios Core是一款强大的开源网络监控系统，它能够监控网络服务、主机以及各种网络设备的状态，及时发现并通知可能的服务中断或性能问题。通过Nagios Core，管理员可以确保关键业务系统的稳定运行，提高网络的可用性和可靠性。书中涵盖了以下主要知识点： 1. **Nagios Core基础**：介绍Nagios Core的基本概念、架构和工作原理，包括其核心组件如Nagios Core服务器、配置文件、插件和Web界面。 2. **安装与配置**：详述在各种操作系统（如Linux）上安装Nagios Core的步骤，以及如何根据网络环境进行定制化配置，包括主机定义、服务监测、报警通知设置等。 3. **监控服务**：讲解如何监控HTTP、SMTP、FTP等常见网络服务，以及自定义服务的监控方法，确保关键服务的正常运行。 4. **监控设备与网络**：介绍监控网络设备（如路由器、交换机）、服务器资源（CPU、内存、磁盘空间）的方法，以及如何进行网络流量分析和性能监控。 5. **报警与通知**：探讨如何配置报警策略，当服务出现故障时通过电子邮件、短信等方式通知管理员，以及如何处理报警疲劳。 6. **扩展与整合**：讲解如何使用Nagios Exchange中的插件和模板扩展功能，以及与其他IT管理系统（如票务系统、CMDB）的集成。 7. **故障排查与性能优化**：提供解决监控问题的技巧，如何排查假警报，以及优化Nagios Core的性能，提高监控效率。 8. **安全与维护**：讨论Nagios Core的安全设置，如何保护监控数据，以及定期备份和更新系统以保持最佳状态。 9. **自动化与脚本**：介绍自动化配置和管理的方法，如使用Ansible、Puppet等工具进行配置管理，以及编写自定义脚本来增强Nagios Core的功能。 10. **案例研究与最佳实践**：通过实际案例分析，展示如何应用上述知识解决实际网络监控问题，分享专家的经验和建议。《Nagios Core Administration Cookbook》是一本实用的指南，为网络管理员提供了全面的Nagios Core操作和管理指南，帮助他们构建和维护高效稳定的网络监控体系。

Preface

Chapter 7, Using the Web Interface, shows some less-used features of the web interface to

actually control how Nagios Core is behaving and to see advanced reports, rather than simply

viewing current state information. Use of the network map is not discussed here but in the

next chapter.

Chapter 8, Managing Network Layout, explains how to make Nagios Core aware of the structure

and function of your network, with a focus on hosts and services depending on one another

to function correctly, including monitoring clusters, and using that layout information to build

a network status map, optionally with icons and a background.

Chapter 9, Managing Conguration, shows how to streamline, rene, and control Nagios Core

conguration at a low level without the use of frontends. It focusses on the clever use of groups,

templates, and macros, and gives an example of generating conguration programmatically

with the templating language m4.

Chapter 10, Security and Performance, shows how to manage simple access control,

debugging runtime problems, and keeping tabs on how Nagios Core is performing, as well

as a demonstration of basic monitoring redundancy.

Chapter 11, Automating and Extending Nagios Core, explains how to submit check results

from other programs (including NSCA) to provide information about external processes

via the commands le, and an introduction to a few popular add-ons (NDOUtils, NagVis,

and Nagiosgrapher).

What you need for this book

In an attempt to work with a "standard" installation of Nagios Core, this book's recipes

assume that Nagios Core 3.0 or later and the Nagios plugins set have been installed

in /usr/local/nagios, by following the Nagios Quickstart Guides available at

http://nagios.sourceforge.net/docs/3_0/quickstart.html.

If your system's package repositories include a package for Nagios Core 3.0 or later that

you would prefer to use, this should still be possible, but the paths of all the les are likely

to be very different. This is known to be a particular issue with the nagios3 package on

Debian or Ubuntu systems. If you are familiar with the differences in the installation layout

that your packaging system imposes, then you should still be able to follow the recipes with

only some path changes.

For the screenshots of the web interface, the familiar Nagios Classic UI is used (with white-

on-black menu), which was the default from Version 3.0 for several years before the newer

"Exfoliation" style (with black-on-white menu) became the default more recently. Some of the

graphical elements and styles are different, but everything has the same text and is in the

same place, so it's not necessary to install the Classic UI to follow along with the recipes if

you already have the Exfoliation style installed.

Preface

If you really want the Classic UI so that what you're seeing matches the screenshots exactly, you

can install it by adding this as the nal step of your installation process:

# make install-classicui

This book was written while the alpha of Nagios Core 4.0 was being tested. I have reviewed

the change logs of the alpha release so far, and am reasonably condent that all of the

recipes should work in this newer version's nal release. If after Nagios Core 4.0 is released

you do nd some issues with using some of the recipes for it, please see the "Errata" section

to let the publisher and author know.

Who this book is for

This book is aimed at system and network administrators comfortable with basic Unix-like

system administration via the command line. It is best suited for GNU/Linux administrators, but

should work ne for BSD administrators too. It has particular focus on the kind of administrator

identied in the preface: one who is comfortable working with their Unix-like system, may well

have a basic Nagios Core installation ready with some PING checks, and now wants to learn how

to use much more of the framework's power and understand its conguration in more depth.

Administrators should be comfortable with installing library dependencies for the extensions,

plugins, and add-ons discussed in the book. An effort is made to mention any dependencies;

however, how these are best installed will depend on the system and its package repository.

In almost all cases this should amount to installing some common libraries and their headers

from a packaging system. Debian and Ubuntu package names are given for some more

complex cases.

The easier recipes in the rst ve chapters involve some recap of the basics of conguring

Nagios Core objects. Users completely new to Nagios Core who have just installed it will almost

certainly want to start with Chapter 1, Understanding Hosts, Services, and Contacts, after

completing the Nagios Quickstart Guide, as latter chapters assume a fair amount of knowledge.

Conventions

In this book, you will nd a number of styles of text that distinguish between different kinds

of information. Here are some examples of these styles, and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text are shown as follows: "Nagios Core will only need whatever information

the PING tool would need for its own check_ping command".

剩余365页未读，继续阅读

曹宇

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