Windows 5版深度解析：Server 2008与Vista内核技术详解

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《深入解析Windows操作系统.第5版》是一本由Mark E. Russinovich、David A. Solomon以及Alex Ionescu合著的专业级技术书籍，专注于Windows操作系统内部工作原理的详尽探讨。本书第五版特别针对Windows Server 2008和Windows Vista进行了深入讲解，旨在帮助读者理解操作系统底层架构和技术细节。作者们以其深厚的专业背景，带领读者穿越Windows操作系统的迷宫，揭示了诸如内存管理、进程调度、驱动程序设计、安全机制等核心概念。书中不仅包含了理论知识，还结合了实际案例，使复杂的技术内容变得易于理解。读者可以通过阅读此书，提升对Windows操作系统内部运作的深入认识，无论是开发人员、系统管理员还是高级技术人员，都能从中获益匪浅。本书由微软Press出版，享有版权，所有内容未经许可不得复制或传播。此外，它也符合图书馆国会分类标准，编号为2009927697。印刷和装订均在美国完成，同时在加拿大由H.B.Fenn and Company Ltd.分销。国际版本的信息可通过联系当地的微软公司办公室或直接访问微软Press International网站获取，网址为www.microsoft.com/mspre。前言由Ben Fathi撰写，他是微软Windows核心开发的副总裁，这体现了这本书权威性和实用性的结合，是他对Windows内核深入了解的结晶。对于想要深化Windows技术理解的读者来说，无论是为了专业发展还是个人兴趣，阅读《深入解析Windows操作系统.第5版》无疑是一次宝贵的学习之旅。通过这本书，你将能够洞悉Windows的内在秘密，提升自己的技术实力。

xvi Table of Contents

NTFS Recovery Support .............................................974

Design .......................................................975

Metadata Logging.............................................976

Recovery .....................................................981

NTFS Bad-Cluster Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985

Self-Healing...................................................989

Encrypting File System Security.......................................990

Encrypting a File for the First Time...............................993

The Decryption Process ........................................998

Backing Up Encrypted Files .....................................999

Conclusion........................................................1000

12 Networking ..........................................1001

Windows Networking Architecture...................................1001

The OSI Reference Model......................................1001

Windows Networking Components.............................1003

Networking APIs...................................................1006

Windows Sockets.............................................1006

Winsock Kernel (WSK).........................................1012

Remote Procedure Call........................................1014

Web Access APIs..............................................1018

Named Pipes and Mailslots ....................................1021

NetBIOS.....................................................1027

Other Networking APIs........................................1030

Multiple Redirector Support.........................................1033

Multiple Provider Router ......................................1034

Multiple UNC Provider ........................................1037

Name Resolution ..................................................1039

Domain Name System.........................................1039

Windows Internet Name Service................................1039

Peer Name Resolution Protocol ................................1039

Location and Topology.............................................1042

Network Location Awareness (NLA).............................1042

Link-Layer Topology Discovery (LLTD)...........................1043

Protocol Drivers ...................................................1044

Windows Filtering Platform (WFP) ..............................1047

NDIS Drivers ......................................................1053

Variations on the NDIS Miniport................................1057

Connection-Oriented NDIS ....................................1057

Table of Contents xvii

Remote NDIS ................................................1060

QoS.........................................................1062

Binding...........................................................1064

Layered Network Services ..........................................1066

Remote Access ...............................................1066

Active Directory..............................................1066

Network Load Balancing ......................................1068

Distributed File System and DFS Replication......................1069

Conclusion........................................................1071

13 Startup and Shutdown.................................1073

Boot Process ......................................................1073

BIOS Preboot ................................................1073

The BIOS Boot Sector and Bootmgr.............................1077

The EFI Boot Process..........................................1086

Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems..................1088

Smss, Csrss, and Wininit .......................................1094

ReadyBoot...................................................1099

Images That Start Automatically ................................1100

Troubleshooting Boot and Startup Problems ..........................1101

Last Known Good.............................................1101

Safe Mode...................................................1101

Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE)........................1106

Solving Common Boot Problems ...............................1109

Shutdown.........................................................1115

Conclusion........................................................1118

14 Crash Dump Analysis ..................................1119

Why Does Windows Crash? .........................................1119

The Blue Screen ...................................................1120

Troubleshooting Crashes............................................1124

Crash Dump Files ..................................................1125

Crash Dump Generation .......................................1130

Windows Error Reporting...........................................1131

Online Crash Analysis ..............................................1133

Basic Crash Dump Analysis ..........................................1134

Notmyfault ..................................................1134

Basic Crash Dump Analysis.....................................1135

Verbose Analysis .............................................1137

xix

Foreword

It’s both a pleasure and an honor for me to write the foreword for this latest edition of

Windows Internals. Many signiﬁcant changes have occurred in Windows since the last edition

of the book, and David, Mark, and Alex have done an excellent job of updating the book to

address them. Whether you are new to Windows internals or an old hand at kernel develop-

ment, you will ﬁnd lots of detailed analysis and examples to help improve your understand-

ing of the core mechanisms of Windows as well as the general principles of operating system

design.

Today, Windows enjoys unprecedented breadth and depth in the computing world. Variants

of the original Windows NT design run on everything from Xbox game consoles to desktop

and laptop computers to clusters of servers with dozens of processors and petabytes of stor-

age. Advances such as hypervisors, 64-bit computing, multicore and many-core processor

designs, ﬂash-based storage, and wireless and peer-to-peer networking continue to provide

plenty of interesting and innovative areas for operating system design.

One such area of innovation is security. Over the past decade, the entire computing indus-

try—and Microsoft in particular—has been confronted with huge new threats, and security

has become the top issue facing many of our customers. Attacks such as Blaster and Sasser

threatened to bring the entire Internet to its knees, and Windows was at the eye of the hur-

ricane. It was obvious to us that we could no longer afford to do business as usual, as many

of the usability and simplicity features designed into Windows were being used to attack it

for nefarious reasons. At ﬁrst the hackers were teenagers trying to gain notoriety by breaking

into systems or adding grafﬁti to a corporate Web site, but pretty soon the attacks intensiﬁed

and went underground. The hackers became more sophisticated and evaded inspection. You

rarely see headlines about viruses and worms these days, but make no mistake—botnets and

identity theft are big business today, as are industrial and government espionage through

targeted attacks.

In January 2002, Bill Gates sent his now-famous “Trustworthy Computing” memorandum to

all Microsoft employees. It was a call to action that resonated well and charted the course

for how we would build software and conduct business over the coming years. Nearly the

entire Windows engineering team was diverted to work on Windows XP SP2, a service pack

dedicated almost entirely to improving the security of the operating system. The Security

Development Lifecycle (SDL) was developed and applied to all Microsoft products, with

particular emphasis on Windows Vista as the ﬁrst version of the operating system designed

from the ground up to be secure. SDL speciﬁes strict guidelines and processes for secure

software development. Sophisticated tools have been developed to scan everything from

source code to system binaries to network protocols for common security vulnerabilities.

Every time a new security vulnerability is discovered, it is analyzed, and mitigations are devel-

oped to address that potential attack vector. Windows Vista has now been in the market for

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