QNX Neutrino RTOS编程指南：程序设计实例

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"The QNX Neutrino Cookbook: Recipes for Programmers" 本书是专为在QNX Neutrino实时操作系统(RTOS)上设计和编写程序的程序员准备的一本实用指南。QNX Neutrino是一个高级的、面向微内核的实时操作系统，广泛应用于嵌入式系统和工业级应用中。书中的“食谱”（recipes）提供了详细的步骤和实例，帮助读者理解和掌握如何在QNX Neutrino环境中高效地进行软件开发。 QNX Software Development Platform 6.6是这本书所基于的开发平台版本，它提供了一个完整的工具链和库，支持开发者创建高性能、高可靠性的应用程序。QNX Software Systems Limited，作为BlackBerry的子公司，负责该平台的开发和维护。书中涵盖了各种主题，包括但不限于： 1. **Philosophy**：这部分讨论了QNX Neutrino的设计哲学，强调其微内核架构、模块化和可扩展性，以及对实时性和高可用性的关注。 2. **The Basics**：基础部分介绍了QNX Neutrino的基础知识，如进程管理、内存管理、线程和同步机制等，是理解系统运行机制的关键。 3. **High Availability**：高可用性部分探讨如何构建容错系统，确保在硬件故障或其他异常情况下，系统的持续运行和数据的完整性。 4. **Recipes**：这是本书的核心，每个“食谱”都是一个实际的编程示例，例如： - **Web-Counter ResourceManager**：可能是一个实现网络计数器功能的资源管理器，展示了网络通信和资源管理的实现。 - **ADIOS—Analog/Digital I/O Server**：模拟/数字输入/输出服务器，演示了如何处理硬件接口和实时数据采集。 - **RAM-disk Filesystem Manager**：基于RAM的文件系统管理器，展示了如何快速读写数据，并利用内存资源创建临时文件系统。 - **The tar Filesystem Manager**：可能是一个处理tar文件的文件系统管理器，用于打包和解包文件集合。每个食谱都会详细解释其背后的原理，提供源代码供读者参考和实践。通过这些实例，读者可以学习到如何有效地利用QNX Neutrino提供的API和服务来解决实际问题。此外，书中还提到了技术支持，包括联系方式和在线资源，方便开发者在遇到问题时获取帮助。电子版发布于2014年2月20日，意味着这本书包含了当时最新的技术和最佳实践。《QNX Neutrino Cookbook》是QNX开发者的宝贵资源，无论你是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中获益，提升在QNX Neutrino RTOS上的编程技能。

Philosophy

In this first section of the book, I discuss the various “big picture” and architectural

issues that you need to keep in mind. This is a condensation (some would say “brain

dump”) of the work I've done with QNX operating systems over the years — I've seen

what works, and what doesn't. I'll share both, because I think it's important to know

what doesn't work too, so you can understand why it didn't work out.

The Basics

In this chapter, the main() function and its friend, the option processing function

optproc(), are discussed. It's in its own chapter so we don't have to talk about the

things I use in almost every project.

High Availability

High availability is a very interesting topic. In this chapter, I discuss the concept of

high availability (what it is, how it's measured, and how to achieve it). We'll discuss

such things as Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF), Mean Time To Repair (MTTR),

and the formula used to calculate availability.

I'll also talk about how you can design your systems to be “highly-available” and some

of the problems that you'll run into. Unfortunately, in a lot of today's designs, high

availability is done as an afterthought — this almost always leads to disaster.

By thinking about high availability up front, you'll be able to benefit from having the

architectural insight necessary to design highly-available systems.

Design Philosophy

Next, I present an article about the basic philosophy that's useful when building a

system based on message passing — the fundamental Inter Process Communications

(IPC) model used by all QNX operating systems. We'll take a hypothetical security

system example, and examine how the design is derived to meet various goals. We'll

look at the design of the individual pieces (things like swipe card readers and door

lock actuators) and see how they fit into a larger system. We'll also discuss things like

scalability — how to make your software design scale from a small security system to

a large, multi-site security system.

Preface to the First Edition by Rob Krten

Recipes

The second section of the book contains the “meat” — a smattering of small, useful,

and well-documented utilities. Each has been tested on a live QNX Neutrino system.

Where there are deficiencies, they're noted — software is an ever-evolving creation.

I've also tried to pick utilities that demonstrate something interesting that's “special”

about QNX Neutrino, and perhaps not well-understood.

You won't find a graphics ray-trace utility here, because that's not QNX Neutrino-specific

(even though it may be poorly understood by the general population of programmers).

What you will find are examples of resource managers, high-availability, IPC, and other

topics.

Each of the headings below is one chapter in the “recipes” section.

Web-Counter Resource Manager

This chapter describes a utility that illustrates how to generate graphical images

on-the-fly within a resource manager. You've seen web counters on various web pages;

the count goes up every time someone accesses the web page. In this chapter, I'll

show you how this can be done with a neat twist — the web counter looks and acts

just like a plain, ordinary file. The “magic” is all done via a resource manager. You'll

see how to maintain context on a per-open and per-device basis, how to handle the

file content generation, and so on. The chapter presents the project in three phases

— a kind of “building-block” approach.

ADIOS — Analog / Digital I/O Server

This project is a data acquisition server, written for Century Aluminum in Kentucky.

There are two major parts to this project: card drivers (for the PCL-711, ISO-813, and

DIO-144 analog/digital I/O cards), and a master server that collects data from the

cards and puts it into shared memory.

Several other utilities are discussed as well, such as showsamp, which gets the data

from shared memory. This chapter is a good insight on how to handle I/O, as well as

shared-memory management.

RAM-disk Filesystem Manager

Many people want to write filesystems, or things that look like filesystems, for QNX

Neutrino. The easiest filesystem to understand is a RAM-disk, because we don't need

to deal with the “on-media” format — all of our data is stored in RAM, and the data

itself is simply allocated from the pool of available memory. Reading, writing, seeking,

block management, pathname parsing, directory management, etc. are discussed.

This is an extensive chapter that serves as a foundation for the tar Filesystem Manager

Recipes

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