CTIA 802.11ax移动设备Wi-Fi射频测试规范

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"CTIA WIFI移动设备射频性能测试标准(802.11ax)是针对Wi-Fi®移动设备的一项重要测试规范，旨在确保设备在802.11ax标准下的射频性能符合行业标准。此测试计划由CTIA ( Cellular Telecommunications and Internet Association ) 和Wi-Fi Alliance共同制定，版本号为4.0.0，发布于2023年2月。该文档强调了对版权的保护，未经许可不得复制、修改或传播。该测试计划仅供CTIA和Wi-Fi Alliance的认证项目使用，其他用途需获得授权。" 802.11ax是Wi-Fi的一个新标准，它提高了无线网络的效率和容量，尤其是在高密度环境下。这一标准引入了多项技术改进，包括： 1. **多用户多输入多输出(MU-MIMO)**：与802.11ac的单用户MIMO不同，802.11ax支持同时向多个设备传输数据，显著提升了网络的效率。 2. **高效率无线(HEW)**：通过更精细的时间和频率划分，HEW允许在相同的信道资源上进行更多次的数据传输，增加了频谱效率。 3. **目标唤醒时间(TWT)**：设备可以协商和设定自己的唤醒时间，减少不必要的电源消耗，提升电池寿命，同时也减少了无线频道的拥堵。 4. **正交频分多址(OFDMA)**：允许多个设备在相同时间内共享一个信道，优化了频谱利用率，降低了延迟。 5. **1024-QAM调制**：相比802.11ac的256-QAM，1024-QAM提供了更高的数据密度，从而提升了每个信号符号能传输的信息量。 CTIA的测试计划详细规定了如何评估这些特性在实际设备中的表现，包括但不限于： - **发射功率和接收灵敏度**：确保设备在各种距离和障碍物下仍能保持稳定连接。 - **信道利用率**：测试设备在拥挤网络中的表现，验证其能否有效利用OFDMA和MU-MIMO技术。 - **干扰管理**：评估设备在存在其他Wi-Fi或非Wi-Fi干扰源时的性能。 - **功耗测试**：测量TWT功能对电池寿命的影响。 - **兼容性测试**：确认设备与现有802.11标准的设备以及不同802.11ax设备之间的互操作性。测试必须在CTIA和Wi-Fi Alliance授权的实验室进行，以保证测试环境的一致性和公正性。这些严格的测试标准确保了市场上流通的802.11ax设备具有优质的射频性能，提供给用户高效、稳定和安全的Wi-Fi体验。

CWG Test Plan Version 4.0.0

Section 2 Test Conditions and Device Configuration

2.1 Cellular and Wi-Fi Modes

The test methodology requires the device be placed in a standard operational mode. This includes all

sensors in the device as well as proximity sensors. If it becomes evident that DUT thermal protection

and/or adaptive power control mechanisms are preventing Wi-Fi and cellular transmitters from

maintaining full output power during the course of testing, the test lab shall work with the OEM to identify

a suitable mitigation method. Although recognizing that the use of special test modes would enable more

simplified testing and the use of formal test equipment, the test methodology proposed in this document

allows the testing of any Wi-Fi mobile device in a mode that is as close as possible to its native operation.

However, the methodology does require certain specific behavior of the device so that the test can be

executed. DUT vendors are required to supply instructions for the lab to configure the devices as

specified in this test plan.

All Radiated tests shall be made according to configurations specified in Device Testing Configurations

with the device oriented as specified in CTIA 01.71 [6] Section 2 as applied to the Wi-Fi mode being

tested.

Depending on the communication tester and device capabilities, it may be necessary to set or disable the

regulatory domain (WLAN Country Code and/or Cellular MCC) setting on the WLAN tester and/or cellular

base station simulator in order to test specific channel combinations. Care should be taken to present the

specific regulatory domain information to the DUT in an isolated environment so that the regulatory

domain information is not obtained from any external Wi-Fi access point and/or cellular network in the

country where the test is being executed. The lab should seek guidance from the DUT vendor to ensure

that all test channels supported by the DUT are tested.

2.2 Wi-Fi Mode

The DUT is expected to be able to associate with the WLAN tester and stay on the same RF channel for

the duration of the test even when the WLAN tester signal appears to be below the sensitivity level of

DUT.

Other than for 802.11ax client devices, the PING based method is the primary method for packet

generation for UL Power measurement while the ACK based method is the fall-back option if the DUT

does not support the PING method. The PING method is the only method to test the conducted (or

radiated) power for the 802.11n mode of an 802.11 device.

For 802.11ax client devices, the HE trigger-based (HE TB) format is used for transmission in the uplink.

Using HE TB helps with a more stable testing setup for 802.11ax. For 802.11ax Access Point, the PING

method is used.

In the PING based method, the WLAN tester generates ICMP echo request packets with configurable

transmit interval, payload size and payload type. The ICMP echo request packets are targeted at the

DUT's IP stack. The DUT is expected to answer with a well-defined echo reply packet whose payload is

identical to the payload of the corresponding request. For this method to be usable, the device must

conform to RFC 792 [12] and RFC 1122 [13] Section 3.2.2.6.

In the ACK based method, the WLAN tester will be transmitting data frames addressed to the DUT, and

the DUT is expected to be able to respond to all of these data frames with an ACK message.

Because 802.11n ACKs are sent in the basic service set (which is in the legacy mode), the 802.11n ACK

is sent at 6 Mbps. However, the lowest data rate for 802.11n is 6.5 Mbps. Therefore, the PING method is

the only method to test the conducted (or radiated) power for the 802.11n mode of an 802.11 device. In

this method, IP traffic message will force the DUT to answer and generate defined uplink traffic using an

802.11n data rate.

CWG Test Plan Version 4.0.0

Section 3 Conducted Measurements

3.1 Wi-Fi Conducted RF Power Output and Receiver Sensitivity Tests

3.1.1 Test Purpose

The purpose of this test is to measure the output power level and receiver sensitivity of the Wi-Fi

transceiver in the device in the conducted mode.

3.1.2 Test Setup

The basic test setup is shown in Figure 3.1-1.

Figure 3.1-1 Block Diagram for Wi-Fi Conducted Measurement

WLAN Tester

Control PC

DUT

Figure 3.1-1 is intentionally generalized to maximize test equipment design flexibility. A WLAN tester may

include receiver and access point capability sub modules as well as internally implemented attenuators to

control transmit and receive power to and from DUT.

The DUT shall be provided to the Test Laboratory with the facility to connect directly to the RF test

equipment. This may be via an existing antenna connector, or it may be a carefully modified unit to allow

such connection. In the latter case, it is the responsibility of the supplier of the DUT to ensure that the

connection is present and suitable.

It is recommended that the conducted measurements be performed inside a shielded environment.

A reference measurement shall be made in order to account for the attenuation of the cable used for

connecting the DUT and WLAN tester.

For more information about possible test setup configurations see the CTIA 01.20 [3] Section 6 and for

positioning guideline, see CTIA 01.71 [6] Section 2.

3.1.3 Test Point Parameters

The measurements shall be performed on the lowest, middle and highest channels [9] supported by the

device, in each of the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz and 6GHz bands as specified in Table 3.1-1, all data rates

specified in Table 3.1-2 and Table 3.1-3.

US U-NII-4 band includes two new additional 20 MHz channels 173 and 177. It also includes a part of

Channel 169 that straddles between U-NII-4 and U-NII-3 that is added to U-NII-4.

Applicable to all transmit and receive conducted tests of Section 3.1, for legacy RATs (i.e.,

802.11a/b/g/n/ac) testing, coding shall be CC or BCC, for 802.11ax testing, coding shall be LDPC; use

BCC if LDPC is not supported (e.g., in 2.4 GHz products or 20MHz-only products).

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