比较两种同伴辅导方法的效果
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"这篇资源是一篇学术论文，标题为‘An evaluation of two methods of peer tutoring’，主要探讨了两种同伴辅导方法的评估。作者包括E.L. Cowen, R.P. Lorion, D. Uorr, S.P. Clarfield 和 A.B. Wilson。文中引用了多篇相关研究，如Clarfield在1974年发表于《American Journal of Community Psychology》上的文章，关于制定教师推荐表格识别早期学校适应不良问题的研究，以及Cowen在1968年的APA年会上关于非专业人士在学校环境中进行次级预防计划有效性的讨论。此外，还提到了Cowen等人在1971年、1972年以及1963年关于学校心理健康项目描述、评估和社区研究的著作，这些研究关注了学校环境中的心理健康发展及非专业人员对适应不良学生的干预效果。"
这篇论文详细分析了两种不同的同伴辅导策略，可能涉及了教育心理学、社会心理学和学校心理咨询等领域。同行辅导是教育领域中一种常见且有效的学习方式，它鼓励学生之间相互教导和学习，有助于提升学习成效和社交技巧。论文可能对比了这两种方法在提高学术成绩、社交技能培养、学习动机激发以及问题行为减少等方面的成效，并可能探讨了不同辅导策略对学生成长的影响差异。
论文引用的参考文献展示了作者们对此领域的深入研究，包括早期学校适应性问题的识别工具，以及非专业人员（如教师或经过培训的志愿者）在预防和干预学校心理问题中的作用。这些研究表明，非专业人士在识别和处理学校适应不良问题上能够发挥积极的作用，为学校心理健康服务提供了新的视角。
这篇论文对于理解同伴辅导在教育中的应用及其效果具有重要意义，为教育工作者和研究者提供了一种评估和改进辅导策略的方法，同时也为学校心理健康服务的实践和政策制定提供了理论依据。
166
E.
L.
COWEN,
R.
P.
LORION,
D.
UORR,
s.
P.
CLARFIELD
AND
A.
B.
WISLON
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AN EVALUATION
OF
TWO METHODS
OF
PEER TUTORING
THOMAS
OAKLAND
AND
FERN
C.
WILLIAMS
The University
of
Texas
The use
of
tutors to assist in the continuous educational development of
students surely is not
a
new strategy within education. What is new is the number
of
schools in which tutors are being used,
as
well as the attempts to evaluate the
effectiveness of tutoring activities. Programs such as the Volunteers
for
Action
serve to stimulate adults to work more actively with children-particularly those
children achieving below grade level. In addition, numerous school systems are
using upper elementary, junior high and senior high students as tutors.
While cross-age tutoring programs perhaps are more prominent,
peer
tutoring
programs also are being used. Selecting one pupil to tutor one
or
more children
of
the
same age
and
grade
eliminates some of the scheduling and transportation problems
typically encountered in cross-age tutoring programs. A peer tutoring program
permits the teacher to utilize more fully the personnel resources within his class
while attempting
to
individualize instruction.
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