VIM 7.4英文用户指南：从入门到高级技巧

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VIM用户手册（英文版7.4）是一份详尽的指南，由Bram Moolenaar编写，旨在帮助用户深入了解并熟练掌握VIM编辑器的各种功能。这份文档涵盖了从基础入门到高级技巧的全面内容，确保了无论是初次接触VIM的新手还是经验丰富的用户都能从中获益。 "Overview"章节为读者提供了对整个手册的概览，介绍了手册的结构和目标，帮助读者快速定位所需的信息。"Getting Started"部分分为多个小节，如"About the manuals"引导用户了解手册的不同类型和用途；"The first steps in Vim"则指导用户如何启动VIM，设置基本环境。 "Moving around" 和 "Makingsmall changes" 两个部分分别关注移动光标、查找和替换字符、行操作等基础编辑技巧，是VIM高效工作的基石。"Set your settings" 涉及个性化配置，允许用户根据自己的喜好调整界面和功能。 "Usingsyntax highlighting" 介绍如何利用VIM的语法高亮功能来提高代码可读性，这对于编程用户尤其重要。"Editing more than one file" 部分讲解如何在VIM中管理多个文件，以及窗口和标签页的使用。 "Splitting windows" 和 "Using the GUI" 分别探讨如何在VIM中分割编辑窗口，以及对于图形用户界面的利用，对于那些倾向于图形操作的用户非常实用。"Making big changes" 针对大篇幅文本的编辑提供了策略和方法。 "Recovering from a crash" 和 "Clever tricks" 是关于恢复丢失的工作和发现高级编辑技巧的章节，帮助用户处理意外情况和提升工作效率。 "Editing Effectively" 一章深入探讨了更高级的编辑技巧，包括快速输入命令行、离开会话后返回、定位需要编辑的文件、插入文本的高效方式、编辑格式化的文本、重复操作、搜索命令和模式匹配、代码折叠、导航源代码以及利用VIM的图形界面增强体验。 "Moving through programs" 和 "Editing programs" 专门针对编辑程序代码时的技巧，强调了VIM作为强大编程工具的优势。而"The undotree" 则介绍了VIM的撤销树功能，让用户能够轻松地撤销或重做操作，避免误操作带来的麻烦。 VIM用户手册（英文版7.4）是一部功能丰富的资源，无论你是想提升VIM的基本操作技能，还是深入理解其强大的文本编辑能力，都将是你不可或缺的学习工具。

usr_doc.txt Page 16

:help E37

Summary: *help−summary* >

:help

< Gives you very general help. Scroll down to see a list of all

helpfiles, including those added locally (i.e. not distributed

with Vim). >

:help user−toc.txt

< Table of contents of the User Manual. >

:help :subject

< Ex−command "subject", for instance the following: >

:help :help

< Help on getting help. >

:help abc

< normal−mode command "abc". >

:help CTRL−B

< Control key <C−B> in Normal mode. >

:help i_abc

:help i_CTRL−B

< The same in Insert mode. >

:help v_abc

:help v_CTRL−B

< The same in Visual mode. >

:help c_abc

:help c_CTRL−B

< The same in Command−line mode. >

:help 'subject'

< Option 'subject'. >

:help subject()

< Function "subject". >

:help −subject

< Command−line option "−subject". >

:help +subject

< Compile−time feature "+subject". >

:help EventName

< Autocommand event "EventName". >

:help digraphs.txt

< The top of the helpfile "digraph.txt".

Similarly for any other helpfile. >

:help pattern<Tab>

< Find a help tag starting with "pattern". Repeat <Tab> for

others. >

:help pattern<Ctrl−D>

< See all possible help tag matches "pattern" at once. >

:helpgrep pattern

< Search the whole text of all help files for pattern "pattern".

Jumps to the first match. Jump to other matches with: >

:cn

< next match >

:cprev

:cN

< previous match >

:cfirst

:clast

< first or last match >

:copen

:cclose

< open/close the quickfix window; press <Enter> to jump

to the item under the cursor

==============================================================================

Next chapter: |usr_03.txt| Moving around

usr_doc.txt Page 17

*usr_03.txt* For Vim version 7.4. Last change: 2006 Jun 21

VIM USER MANUAL − by Bram Moolenaar

Moving around

Before you can insert or delete text the cursor has to be moved to the right

place. Vim has a large number of commands to position the cursor. This

chapter shows you how to use the most important ones. You can find a list of

these commands below |Q_lr|.

|03.1| Word movement

|03.2| Moving to the start or end of a line

|03.3| Moving to a character

|03.4| Matching a parenthesis

|03.5| Moving to a specific line

|03.6| Telling where you are

|03.7| Scrolling around

|03.8| Simple searches

|03.9| Simple search patterns

|03.10| Using marks

Next chapter: |usr_04.txt| Making small changes

Previous chapter: |usr_02.txt| The first steps in Vim

Table of contents: |usr_toc.txt|

==============================================================================

*03.1* Word movement

To move the cursor forward one word, use the "w" command. Like most Vim

commands, you can use a numeric prefix to move past multiple words. For

example, "3w" moves three words. This figure shows how it works:

This is a line with example text ~

−−−>−−>−>−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−>

w w w 3w

Notice that "w" moves to the start of the next word if it already is at the

start of a word.

The "b" command moves backward to the start of the previous word:

This is a line with example text ~

<−−−−<−−<−<−−−−−−−−−<−−−

b b b 2b b

There is also the "e" command that moves to the next end of a word and "ge",

which moves to the previous end of a word:

This is a line with example text ~

<− <−−− −−−−−> −−−−>

ge ge e e

If you are at the last word of a line, the "w" command will take you to the

first word in the next line. Thus you can use this to move through a

paragraph, much faster than using "l". "b" does the same in the other

direction.

A word ends at a non−word character, such as a ".", "−" or ")". To change

what Vim considers to be a word, see the 'iskeyword' option.

It is also possible to move by white−space separated WORDs. This is not a

word in the normal sense, that's why the uppercase is used. The commands for

moving by WORDs are also uppercase, as this figure shows:

ge b w e

<− <− −−−> −−−>

This is−a line, with special/separated/words (and some more). ~

<−−−−− <−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−> −−−−−>

gE B W E

usr_doc.txt Page 18

With this mix of lowercase and uppercase commands, you can quickly move

forward and backward through a paragraph.

==============================================================================

*03.2* Moving to the start or end of a line

The "$" command moves the cursor to the end of a line. If your keyboard has

an <End> key it will do the same thing.

The "^" command moves to the first non−blank character of the line. The "0"

command (zero) moves to the very first character of the line. The <Home> key

does the same thing. In a picture:

<−−−−−−−−−−−−

.....This is a line with example text ~

<−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−>

0 $

(the "....." indicates blanks here)

The "$" command takes a count, like most movement commands. But moving to

the end of the line several times doesn't make sense. Therefore it causes the

editor to move to the end of another line. For example, "1$" moves you to

the end of the first line (the one you're on), "2$" to the end of the next

line, and so on.

The "0" command doesn't take a count argument, because the "0" would be

part of the count. Unexpectedly, using a count with "^" doesn't have any

effect.

==============================================================================

*03.3* Moving to a character

One of the most useful movement commands is the single−character search

command. The command "fx" searches forward in the line for the single

character x. Hint: "f" stands for "Find".

For example, you are at the beginning of the following line. Suppose you

want to go to the h of human. Just execute the command "fh" and the cursor

will be positioned over the h:

To err is human. To really foul up you need a computer. ~

−−−−−−−−−−>−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−>

fh fy

This also shows that the command "fy" moves to the end of the word really.

You can specify a count; therefore, you can go to the "l" of "foul" with

"3fl":

To err is human. To really foul up you need a computer. ~

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−>

3fl

The "F" command searches to the left:

To err is human. To really foul up you need a computer. ~

<−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−

The "tx" command works like the "fx" command, except it stops one character

before the searched character. Hint: "t" stands for "To". The backward

version of this command is "Tx".

To err is human. To really foul up you need a computer. ~

<−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−>

Th tn

These four commands can be repeated with ";". "," repeats in the other

direction. The cursor is never moved to another line. Not even when the

sentence continues.

Sometimes you will start a search, only to realize that you have typed the

usr_doc.txt Page 19

wrong command. You type "f" to search backward, for example, only to realize

that you really meant "F". To abort a search, press <Esc>. So "f<Esc>" is an

aborted forward search and doesn't do anything. Note: <Esc> cancels most

operations, not just searches.

==============================================================================

*03.4* Matching a parenthesis

When writing a program you often end up with nested () constructs. Then the

"%" command is very handy: It moves to the matching paren. If the cursor is

on a "(" it will move to the matching ")". If it's on a ")" it will move to

the matching "(".

<−−−−−>

if (a == (b * c) / d) ~

<−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−>

This also works for [] and {} pairs. (This can be defined with the

'matchpairs' option.)

When the cursor is not on a useful character, "%" will search forward to find

one. Thus if the cursor is at the start of the line of the previous example,

"%" will search forward and find the first "(". Then it moves to its match:

if (a == (b * c) / d) ~

−−−+−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−>

==============================================================================

*03.5* Moving to a specific line

If you are a C or C++ programmer, you are familiar with error messages such as

the following:

prog.c:33: j undeclared (first use in this function) ~

This tells you that you might want to fix something on line 33. So how do you

find line 33? One way is to do "9999k" to go to the top of the file and "32j"

to go down thirty two lines. It is not a good way, but it works. A much

better way of doing things is to use the "G" command. With a count, this

command positions you at the given line number. For example, "33G" puts you

on line 33. (For a better way of going through a compiler's error list, see

|usr_30.txt|, for information on the :make command.)

With no argument, "G" positions you at the end of the file. A quick way to

go to the start of a file use "gg". "1G" will do the same, but is a tiny bit

more typing.

| first line of a file ^

| text text text text |

| text text text text | gg

7G | text text text text |

| text text text text

V text text text text |

text text text text | G

text text text text |

last line of a file V

Another way to move to a line is using the "%" command with a count. For

example "50%" moves you to halfway the file. "90%" goes to near the end.

The previous assumes that you want to move to a line in the file, no matter if

it's currently visible or not. What if you want to move to one of the lines

you can see? This figure shows the three commands you can use:

+−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−+

H −−> | text sample text |

| sample text |

| text sample text |

usr_doc.txt Page 20

| sample text |

M −−> | text sample text |

| sample text |

| text sample text |

| sample text |

L −−> | text sample text |

+−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−+

Hints: "H" stands for Home, "M" for Middle and "L" for Last.

==============================================================================

*03.6* Telling where you are

To see where you are in a file, there are three ways:

1. Use the CTRL−G command. You get a message like this (assuming the 'ruler'

option is off):

"usr_03.txt" line 233 of 650 −−35%−− col 45−52 ~

This shows the name of the file you are editing, the line number where the

cursor is, the total number of lines, the percentage of the way through

the file and the column of the cursor.

Sometimes you will see a split column number. For example, "col 2−9".

This indicates that the cursor is positioned on the second character, but

because character one is a tab, occupying eight spaces worth of columns,

the screen column is 9.

2. Set the 'number' option. This will display a line number in front of

every line: >

:set number

To switch this off again: >

:set nonumber

Since 'number' is a boolean option, prepending "no" to its name has the

effect of switching it off. A boolean option has only these two values,

it is either on or off.

Vim has many options. Besides the boolean ones there are options with

a numerical value and string options. You will see examples of this where

they are used.

3. Set the 'ruler' option. This will display the cursor position in the

lower right corner of the Vim window: >

:set ruler

Using the 'ruler' option has the advantage that it doesn't take much room,

thus there is more space for your text.

==============================================================================

*03.7* Scrolling around

The CTRL−U command scrolls down half a screen of text. Think of looking

through a viewing window at the text and moving this window up by half the

height of the window. Thus the window moves up over the text, which is

backward in the file. Don't worry if you have a little trouble remembering

which end is up. Most users have the same problem.

The CTRL−D command moves the viewing window down half a screen in the file,

thus scrolls the text up half a screen.

+−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−+

| some text |

+−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−+ | some text |

| some text | CTRL−U −−> | |

| | | 123456 |

| 123456 | +−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−+

剩余257页未读，继续阅读

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