英国标准BS ISO/IEC 13239:1997 - 高级数据链路控制（HDLC）程序

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"IEC 13239 HDLC - BS ISO/IEC 13239:1997" IEC 13239 HDLC 是一个国际标准，全称为“信息技术 - 电信及系统间信息交换 - 高级数据链路控制（HDLC）程序”。这个标准由国际电工委员会（IEC）制定，并在1997年被英国标准化协会（BSI）采纳为英国国家标准。标准编号为BS ISO/IEC 13239:1997。 HDLC（High-Level Data Link Control）是一种数据通信协议，属于数据链路层的一部分，遵循OSI模型。该协议主要用于同步通信网络，如广域网（WAN），尤其是在PPP（Point-to-Point Protocol）出现之前，HDLC是许多帧中继（Frame Relay）和X.25网络的标准协议。HDLC设计用于提供可靠的双向通信，确保数据在传输过程中的完整性和正确性。 HDLC协议的关键特性包括： 1. **透明性**：通过使用位填充技术，HDLC可以确保数据在传输过程中不受干扰，即使数据中包含了协议本身的控制字符。 2. **错误检测**：使用CRC（循环冗余校验）来检测数据传输中的错误，保证数据的准确性。 3. **流量控制**：通过各种流量控制机制，如窗口大小的调整，防止数据传输过快导致接收端无法处理。 4. **链路管理**：包括链路的建立、维护和断开，确保通信的高效进行。 5. **多点通信**：支持点对点和点对多点的通信模式。 6. **同步操作**：HDLC支持同步传输，能够充分利用通信线路的带宽。 BS ISO/IEC 13239:1997标准详细定义了HDLC的帧结构、控制字段、地址字段、信息字段和校验字段等组件，以及它们的用途和交互方式。标准还规定了如何处理错误、状态报告和链路控制命令。在实施这个标准时，英国的技术委员会IST/6负责协助理解文本、提出解释或更改建议，并保持与国际和欧洲相关发展同步。这个标准的使用者通常包括网络工程师、系统管理员、软件开发者，他们在设计、实施或维护使用HDLC协议的网络系统时会参考此标准。此外，BS ISO/IEC 13239:1997也帮助确保不同国家和地区的HDLC实现之间的兼容性，促进了全球范围内的通信标准化。

BSISO/IEC 13239:1997

The defined elements of procedures are to be considered as a common basis for establishing different types

of data link control procedures. This International Standard does not define any single system and should

not be regarded as a specification for a data communication system. Not all of the commands or responses

are required for any particular system implementation.

The classes of procedures portion describes the HDLC unbalanced classes of procedures, the HDLC

balanced class of procedures, and the HDLC connectionless classes of procedures for synchronous or

start/stop data transmission.

For the unbalanced classes, the data link consists of a primary station plus one or more secondary stations

and operates in either the normal response mode or the asynchronous response mode in a point-to-point or

multipoint configuration. For the balanced class, the data link consists of two combined stations and

operates in the asynchronous balanced mode in a point-to-point configuration. For the unbalanced

connectionless class, the data link consists of a control station plus one or more tributary stations and

operates in the unbalanced connectionless-mode in a point-to-point or multipoint configuration. For the

balanced connectionless class, the data link consists of two peer stations and operates in the balanced

connectionless-mode in a point-to-point configuration. In each class, a basic repertoire of commands and

responses is defined, but the capability of the data link may be modified by the use of optional functions.

Balanced operation is intended for use in circumstances which require equal control at either end of the

data link. Operational requirements are covered in accordance with the overall HDLC architecture.

The content and format of the Exchange Identification (XID) frame portion builds on the fact that the

principal use of the XID frame is to exchange data link information between two or more HDLC stations.

For the purpose of this International Standard, data link information shall include any and all essential

operational characteristics such as identification, authentication and/or selection of optional functions and

facilities concerning each station. This International Standard defines a single-exchange negotiation

procedure for establishing operational characteristics when either one or more stations are capable of

providing multiple selections.

This International Standard provides a means for exchanging the necessary information to establish, at a

minimum, a data link connection between two correspondents wishing to communicate. It describes a

general purpose XID frame information field content and format for that purpose.

It defines encoding for information related to the basic HDLC standards only. Mechanisms are provided to

permit the general purpose XID frame information field to be used to negotiate private parameters in a

single XID exchange simultaneously with negotiation of the defined basic parameters.

This International Standard does not limit or restrict the use of the XID frame information field from

defining other standard formats for use in specific applications.

The following are examples of potential uses of the XID command/response frame interchange:

a) Identification of the calling and called stations when using circuit switched networks (including

switched network backup applications).

b) Identification of stations operating on non-switched networks requiring identification at start-up.

c) The XID command frame with an individual, group or all-station address may be used to solicit XID

response frame(s) from other station(s) on the data link, prior to or following data link establishment.

d) Negotiation of the Frame Check Sequence (FCS) to be used for subsequent information interchange,

by stations that support both 16-bit FCS and 32-bit FCS capabilities.

e) Convey higher layer information that may be required prior to data link establishment.

f) Transmission of an XID response frame at any respond opportunity to request an XID exchange to

modify some of the operational parameters (for example, window size) following data link establishment.

g) Negotiation of the number of protected bits in the frame when an Unnumbered Information with

Header check (UIH) frame is used.

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BSISO/IEC 13239:1997

The means for resolution/negotiation of a data link layer address in switched environments portion is

applicable to data stations employing HDLC balanced classes of procedures which provide the XID

command/response capability with the two specific parameter fields, identified below. It is used to select a

pair of operational link addresses when preassigned, system designated addresses are not known on an a

priori basis; e.g., switched circuited data links. Additional XID frame functions (including the exchange of

operational parameters, command/response support, higher layer information, etc.) may be accomplished

in conjunction with data link layer address determination or following address determination, with

additional XID frame exchanges.

NOTEAddress resolution procedures for situations where the remote DTE does not support XID frames, the “all-station” address,

or complete address support capabilities as defined in clause 8 below are not within the scope of this International Standard.

2 Normative references

The following standards contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of

this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are

subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to

investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members

of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.

ISO/IEC 646:1991, Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange.

ISO/IEC 2382-9:1995, Information technology — Vocabulary — Part 9: Data communication.

ISO 7478:1987, Information processing systems — Data communication — Multilink procedures.

ISO/IEC 7498-1:1994, Information technology — Open Systems Interconnection — Basic Reference

Model: The Basic Model.

ISO/IEC 7776:1995, Information technology — Telecommunications and information exchange between

systems — High-level data link control procedures — Description of the X.25 LAPB-compatible DTE data

link procedures.

ISO/IEC TR 10171:1994, Information technology — Telecommunications and information exchange

between systems — List of standard data link layer protocols that utilize high-level data link control (HDLC)

classes of procedures and list of standardized XID format identifiers and private parameter set of

identification values.

3 Definitions, acronyms and abbreviations

3.1 Definitions

The following definitions are to be used throughout this International Standard.

3.1.1

abort

a function invoked by a sending primary, secondary, combined, control, tributary or peer station causing

the recipient to discard (and ignore) all bit sequences transmitted by the sender since the preceding flag

sequence

3.1.2

the condition assumed by a data station (primary, secondary, combined, control, tributary or peer station)

upon accepting a correctly received frame for processing

3.1.3

address field (A)

the sequence of eight (or any multiple of eight, if extended) bits immediately following the opening flag

sequence of a frame identifying the secondary/combined or tributary/peer station sending (or designated to

receive) the frame

3.1.4

address field extension

enlarging the address field to include more addressing information

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BSISO/IEC 13239:1997

3.1.5

address resolution/negotiation

procedure for exchanging/determining the data link layer identity of each data link layer entity

3.1.6

basic status

a secondary/combined or tributary/peer station’s capability to send or receive a frame containing an

information field

3.1.7

centralized control

a control in which all the primary or control station functions of the data link are centralized in one data

station

3.1.8

combined station

that part of a data station that supports the combined station control functions of the data link

NOTEThe combined station generates commands and responses for transmission and interprets received commands and responses.

Specific responsibilities assigned to a combined station include:

a) initialization of control signal interchange;

b) organization of data flow;

c) interpretation of received commands and generation of appropriate responses; and

d) actions regarding error control and error recovery functions at the data link layer.

3.1.9

command

in data communication, an instruction represented in the control field of a frame and transmitted by the

primary/combined/control/peer station. It causes the addressed secondary/combined/tributary/peer station

to execute a specific data link control function

3.1.10

command frame:

a) All frames transmitted by a primary/control station.

b) Those frames transmitted by a combined/peer station that contain the address of the other

combined/peer station.

3.1.11

contention mode

a mode of transmission in which a transmitter can send on its own initiative

3.1.12

control escape (CE)

the unique sequence of eight bits (10111110) employed to indicate the following octet has been modified

according to the transparency algorithm for start/stop transmission environments

3.1.13

control field (C)

the sequence of eight (or 16/32/64, if extended) bits immediately following the address field of a frame

NOTEThe content of the control field is interpreted by:

a) the receiving secondary/combined/tributary/peer station, designated by the address field, as a command instructing the

performance of some specific function; and

b) the receiving primary/combined/control/peer station as a response from the secondary/combined/tributary/peer station,

designated by the address field, to one or more commands.

3.1.14

control field extension

enlarging the control field to include additional control information

3.1.15

control station

the data station that supports the control station control functions of the data link

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BSISO/IEC 13239:1997

NOTEThe control station generates command for transmission and interprets received responses. Specific responsibilities assigned

to the control station include:

a) initialization of control signal interchange, and

b) organization of data flow.

3.1.16

data communication

see ISO/IEC 2382-9, term 09.01.03

3.1.17

data link

see ISO/IEC 2382-9, term 09.04.08

3.1.18

data link connection

see ISO/IEC 7498-1:1994

3.1.19

data link layer

the conceptual layer of control or processing logic existing in the hierarchical structure of a data station

(primary, secondary, combined, control, tributary or peer station) that is responsible for maintaining

control of the data link

NOTEThe data link layer functions provide an interface between the data station higher layer logic and the data link. These

functions include:

a) transparency;

b) address/control field interpretation;

c) command/response generation, transmission and interpretation; and

d) frame check sequence computation and interpretation.

3.1.20

data transmission

see ISO/IEC 2382-9, term 09.01.02

3.1.21

duplex transmission

see ISO/IEC 2382-9, term 09.03.01

3.1.22

exception condition

the condition assumed by a secondary/combined station upon receipt of a frame which it cannot execute due

either to a transmission error or to an internal processing malfunction

3.1.23

flag sequence (F)

the unique sequence of eight bits (01111110) employed to delimit the opening and closing of a frame

3.1.24

format identifier

designator of one of 128 different standardized formats or one of128 user-defined formats of the Exchange

Identification (XID) frame information field

3.1.25

frame

the sequence of address, control, information, and FCS fields, bracketed by opening and closing flag

sequences

NOTEA valid frame is at least32 bits in length and contains an address field, a control field and a frame check sequence. A frame

may or may not include an information field.

3.1.26

frame check sequence (FCS)

the field immediately preceding the closing flag sequence of a frame, containing the bit sequence that

provides for the detection of transmission errors by the receiver

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BSISO/IEC 13239:1997

3.1.27

group identifier

classifier of data link layer characteristics or parameters by function (for example, address resolution,

parameter negotiation, user data)

3.1.28

half-duplex transmission

see ISO/IEC 2382-9, term 09.03.02

3.1.29

HDLC-based protocol

a protocol which is a subset of the elements and classes of procedure and optional functions defined in the

HDLC standard, and adopted as a standard by ISO or a recognized International Standards body

(e.g., ITU-T)

3.1.30

higher layer

the conceptual layer of control or processing logic existing in the hierarchical structure of a data station

(primary, secondary, combined, control, tributary or peer station) that is above the data link layer and upon

which the performance of data link layer functions are dependent; for example device control, buffer

allocation, station management, etc.

3.1.31

information field (INFO)

the sequence of bits, occurring between the last bit of the control field and the first bit of the frame check

sequence

NOTEThe information field contents of I, UI, and UIH frames are not interpreted at the data link layer.

3.1.32

initiating combined station

a station that sends the initial XID command frame as part of the address resolution process

3.1.33

interframe time fill

the sequence or condition transmitted between frames

3.1.34

intraframe time fill

in start/stop transmission, the sequence or condition transmitted within a frame when the next octet is not

available for contiguous transmission immediately following the preceding octet. For synchronous

transmission, there is no provision for intraframe time fill

3.1.35

invalid frame

a sequence of bits, following the receipt of an apparent opening flag sequence, that either

a) is terminated by an abort sequence; or

b) contains less than 32 bits before an apparent closing flag sequence is detected.

3.1.36

layer parameter

the specification of data link layer characteristics and parameters, and their values, available or chosen

3.1.37

non-initiating combined station

a station that waits for the other combined station to send the initial XID command frame as part of the

address resolution process

3.1.38

peer station

the data station that supports the peer station control functions of the data link

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英国标准BS ISO/IEC 13239:1997 - 高级数据链路控制（HDLC）程序

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