C# 5编程指南：第4版精华要点

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"Programmer's Guide To C# 5 4th Edition 是一本深入介绍C#编程语言的书籍，适合程序员阅读。作者详细讲解了C#与.NET运行时和库的关系，以及如何快速入门并进行C#开发。书中涵盖了一系列关键主题，如类的基本概念、继承、异常处理、成员访问性、重载、结构（值类型）、接口、版本控制和别名、语句和执行流程、变量作用域和确定性赋值、运算符和表达式、转换、数组和属性等。这些内容将帮助读者全面理解和掌握C#编程的核心概念和技术。" 在本书中，作者首先介绍了C#编程语言与.NET运行时和库的相互作用，这包括C#如何利用.NET Framework提供的服务来构建应用程序。接着，通过C#快速启动章节，读者可以迅速学习到编写C#代码的基础知识，并了解如何进行实际的项目开发。 "Classes 101"章节深入讲解了类这一核心概念，包括类的定义、构造函数、成员变量和方法，以及对象的创建和使用。"Base Classes and Inheritance"章节探讨了面向对象编程中的继承机制，让读者理解如何通过继承实现代码的复用和扩展。异常处理是任何编程语言中不可或缺的部分，本书在"Chapter5: Exception Handling"中详细解释了C#中的try-catch-finally结构以及自定义异常。"Member Accessibility and Overloading"章节讨论了访问修饰符和方法重载，帮助读者理解类的封装性和多态性。 "Structs (ValueTypes)"章节介绍了不同于引用类型的值类型，如结构体，以及它们在内存管理和性能上的特点。"Interfaces"章节则涵盖了接口的使用，展示了如何通过接口实现多继承和合同编程。 "Versioning and Aliases"章节涉及程序的版本控制问题，以及如何使用命名空间和别名来管理依赖。"Statements and Flow of Execution"章节分析了C#中的控制流语句，如条件语句、循环语句和跳转语句。此外，本书还详细讨论了变量的作用域、确定性赋值规则，以及运算符和表达式的用法。"Conversions"章节讲解了隐式和显式转换的区别，而"Arrays"章节则涵盖了数组的创建、初始化和操作。最后，"Properties"章节介绍了C#中的属性，它是类中数据访问的封装方式，提供了更安全的数据访问机制。总体而言，"Programmer's Guide To C# 5 4th Edition"是一本全面覆盖C#语言特性和实践的书籍，无论你是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中受益，提升你的C#编程技能。

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Chapter 3

Classes 101

Classes are the heart of any application in an object-oriented language. This chapter is broken into several

sections. The first section describes the parts of C# that will be used often, and the later sections describe things

that won’t be used as often, depending on what kind of code is being written.

A Simple Class

A C# class can be very simple:

class VerySimple

{

int m_simpleValue = 0;

}

class Test

{

public static void Main()

{

VerySimple vs = new VerySimple();

}

This class is a container for a single integer. Because the integer is declared without specifying how accessible it

is, it’s private to the VerySimple class and can’t be referenced outside the class. The private modifier could be

specified to state this explicitly.

The integer m_simpleValue is a member of the class; there can be many different types of members, and a

simple variable that is part of the class is known as a field.

In the Main() function, the system creates an instance of the class and returns a reference to the instance.

A reference is simply a way to refer to an instance.

There is no need to specify when an instance is no longer needed. In the preceding example, as soon as the

Main() function completes, the reference to the instance will no longer exist. If the reference hasn’t been stored

elsewhere, the instance will then be available for reclamation by the garbage collector. The garbage collector will

reclaim the memory that was allocated when necessary.

For those of you used to pointers, a reference is a pointer that you can only assign to and dereference.

The garbage collector used in the .NET Runtime is discussed in Chapter 39. At this point it is reasonable to just assume that it

handles all the memory for you.

www.it-ebooks.info

CHAPTER 3 ■ CLASSES 101

Console.WriteLine("myPoint.x {0}", myPoint.m_x);

Console.WriteLine("myPoint.y {0}", myPoint.m_y);

}

In this example, there is a class named Point, with two integers in the class named m_x and m_y. These

members are public, which means that their values can be accessed by any code that uses the class.

In addition to the data members, there is a constructor for the class, which is a special function that is called to

help construct an instance of the class. The constructor takes two integer parameters. It is called in the Main() method.

In addition to the Point class, there is a Test class that contains a Main function that is called to start the

program. The Main function creates an instance of the Point class, which will allocate memory for the object and

then call the constructor for the class. The constructor will set the values for m_x and m_y. The remainder of the

lines of Main() print out the values of m_x and m_y.

In this example, the data fields are accessed directly. This is usually a bad idea, because it means that users

of the class depend on the names of fields, which constrains the modifications that can be made later.

In C#, rather than writing a member function to access a private value, a property would be used, which gives the

benefits of a member function while retaining the user model of a field. Chapter 16 discusses properties in more detail.

Member Functions

The constructor in the previous example is an example of a member function; a piece of code that is called on an

instance of the object. Constructors can only be called automatically when an instance of an object is created with new.

Other member functions can be declared as follows:

using System;

class Point

{

public Point(int x, int y)

{

m_x = x;

m_y = y;

}

// accessor functions

public int GetX() {return m_x;}

public int GetY() {return m_y;}

// variables now private

int m_x;

int m_y;

}

class Test

{

public static void Main()

{

Point myPoint = new Point(10, 15);

Console.WriteLine("myPoint.X {0}", myPoint.GetX());

Console.WriteLine("myPoint.Y {0}", myPoint.GetY());

}

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