使用python-pptx库创建和编辑PowerPoint教程

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"python-pptx.pdf 是一个关于使用Python对PowerPoint（.pptx）文件进行读写操作的教程，适合初学者学习，旨在全面教授如何通过Python进行PPT文件的操作。该文档包含了5个主要章节，覆盖了功能支持、用户指南、社区指南、API文档和贡献者指南等内容。它特别强调了可以利用python-pptx库生成定制化的PowerPoint演示文稿，例如从数据库内容中创建，或者自动化工程状态报告的制作。" 在Python世界里，`python-pptx`是一个非常实用的库，它允许开发人员通过编程方式创建和更新PowerPoint文件。这个库的主要特点和支持的功能包括： 1. **创建和编辑幻灯片**：使用python-pptx，你可以创建新的幻灯片，添加文本、图像、图表、形状等元素，并对这些元素进行样式设置。 2. **样式和主题**：你可以应用或自定义PowerPoint的主题，更改字体、颜色方案和整体设计。 3. **处理文本**：支持文本框的添加和编辑，包括设置字体、字号、颜色、对齐方式等。 4. **图形和图表**：可以插入和配置各种图形，如线条、矩形、箭头等，以及创建数据驱动的图表，如柱状图、饼图和线图。 5. **图片和媒体**：将图片插入到幻灯片中，甚至可以添加音频和视频元素。 6. **幻灯片布局**：选择和修改幻灯片的布局，适应不同的内容需求。 7. **批量操作**：对于大量存在的PPT文件，可以通过脚本实现快速的批量更新或格式化。用户指南部分可能涵盖了如何初始化一个新的演示文稿，添加幻灯片，以及对现有PPT文件进行读取和修改的步骤。社区指南可能包含了一些最佳实践、常见问题解答和用户社区的链接，以便于开发者交流和解决问题。 API文档是开发者的重要参考资料，详细列出了库中的各个类、方法和属性，以及如何使用它们来实现特定功能。例如，`Slide`类用于创建和操作幻灯片，`Shape`类处理形状对象，而`Chart`类则处理图表相关操作。贡献者指南则面向那些希望参与项目开发、提交代码或改进文档的人，通常包含贡献流程、代码风格指南和测试策略等信息。 `python-pptx`库为Python开发者提供了一种强大的工具，使他们能够方便地自动化PowerPoint文件的创建和维护，极大地提高了工作效率，尤其适用于数据分析、报告生成和演示文稿的自动化场景。通过深入学习和实践这个教程，初学者可以迅速掌握这一技能，进一步提升其在数据可视化和自动化工作流中的能力。

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(continued from previous page)

shapes.title.text = 'Adding a Table'

rows = cols = 2

left = top = Inches(2.0)

width = Inches(6.0)

height = Inches(0.8)

table = shapes.add_table(rows, cols, left, top, width, height).table

# set column widths

table.columns[0].width = Inches(2.0)

table.columns[1].width = Inches(4.0)

# write column headings

table.cell(0, 0).text = 'Foo'

table.cell(0, 1).text = 'Bar'

# write body cells

table.cell(1, 0).text = 'Baz'

table.cell(1, 1).text = 'Qux'

prs.save('test.pptx')

2.3.7 Extract all text from slides in presentation

from pptx import Presentation

prs = Presentation(path_to_presentation)

# text_runs will be populated with a list of strings,

# one for each text run in presentation

text_runs = []

for slide in prs.slides:

for shape in slide.shapes:

if not shape.has_text_frame:

continue

for paragraph in shape.text_frame.paragraphs:

for run in paragraph.runs:

text_runs.append(run.text)

2.4 Working with Presentations

python-pptx allows you to create new presentations as well as make changes to existing ones. Actually, it only lets

you make changes to existing presentations; it’s just that if you start with a presentation that doesn’t have any slides, it

feels at ﬁrst like you’re creating one from scratch.

However, a lot of how a presentation looks is determined by the parts that are left when you delete all the slides,

speciﬁcally the theme, the slide master, and the slide layouts that derive from the master. Let’s walk through it a step

at a time using examples, starting with the two things you can do with a presentation, open it and save it.

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2.4.1 Opening a presentation

The simplest way to get started is to open a new presentation without specifying a ﬁle to open:

from pptx import Presentation

prs = Presentation()

prs.save('test.pptx')

This creates a new presentation from the built-in default template and saves it unchanged to a ﬁle named ‘test.pptx’.

A couple things to note:

• The so-called “default template” is actually just a PowerPoint ﬁle that doesn’t have any slides in it, stored with

the installed python-pptx package. It’s the same as what you would get if you created a new presentation from

a fresh PowerPoint install, a 4x3 aspect ratio presentation based on the “White” template. Well, except it won’t

contain any slides. PowerPoint always adds a blank ﬁrst slide by default.

• You don’t need to do anything to it before you save it. If you want to see exactly what that template contains,

just look in the ‘test.pptx’ ﬁle this creates.

• We’ve called it a template, but in fact it’s just a regular PowerPoint ﬁle with all the slides removed. Actual

PowerPoint template ﬁles (.potx ﬁles) are something a bit different. More on those later maybe, but you won’t

need them to work with python-pptx.

REALLY opening a presentation

Okay, so if you want any control at all to speak of over the ﬁnal presentation, or if you want to change an existing

presentation, you need to open one with a ﬁlename:

prs = Presentation('existing-prs-file.pptx')

prs.save('new-file-name.pptx')

Things to note:

• You can open any PowerPoint 2007 or later ﬁle this way (.ppt ﬁles from PowerPoint 2003 and earlier won’t

work). While you might not be able to manipulate all the contents yet, whatever is already in there will load and

save just ﬁne. The feature set is still being built out, so you can’t add or change things like Notes Pages yet, but

if the presentation has them python-pptx is polite enough to leave them alone and smart enough to save them

without actually understanding what they are.

• If you use the same ﬁlename to open and save the ﬁle, python-pptx will obediently overwrite the original ﬁle

without a peep. You’ll want to make sure that’s what you intend.

Opening a ‘ﬁle-like’ presentation

python-pptx can open a presentation from a so-called ﬁle-like object. It can also save to a ﬁle-like object. This can be

handy when you want to get the source or target presentation over a network connection or from a database and don’t

want to (or aren’t allowed to) fuss with interacting with the ﬁle system. In practice this means you can pass an open

ﬁle or StringIO/BytesIO stream object to open or save a presentation like so:

f = open('foobar.pptx')

prs = Presentation(f)

f.close()

# or

(continues on next page)

2.4. Working with Presentations 13

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(continued from previous page)

with open('foobar.pptx') as f:

source_stream = StringIO(f.read())

prs = Presentation(source_stream)

source_stream.close()

...

target_stream = StringIO()

prs.save(target_stream)

Okay, so you’ve got a presentation open and are pretty sure you can save it somewhere later. Next step is to get a slide

in there . . .

2.5 Working with Slides

Every slide in a presentation is based on a slide layout. Not surprising then that you have to specify which slide layout

to use when you create a new slide. Let’s take a minute to understand a few things about slide layouts that we’ll need

so the slide we add looks the way we want it to.

2.5.1 Slide layout basics

A slide layout is like a template for a slide. Whatever is on the slide layout “shows through” on a slide created with

it and formatting choices made on the slide layout are inherited by the slide. This is an important feature for getting

a professional-looking presentation deck, where all the slides are formatted consistently. Each slide layout is based

on the slide master in a similar way, so you can make presentation-wide formatting decisions on the slide master and

layout-speciﬁc decisions on the slide layouts. There can actually be multiple slide masters, but I’ll pretend for now

there’s only one. Usually there is.

The presentation themes that come with PowerPoint have about nine slide layouts, with names like Title, Title and

Content, Title Only, and Blank. Each has zero or more placeholders (mostly not zero), preformatted areas into which

you can place a title, multi-level bullets, an image, etc. More on those later.

The slide layouts in a standard PowerPoint theme always occur in the same sequence. This allows content from one

deck to be pasted into another and be connected with the right new slide layout:

• Title (presentation title slide)

• Title and Content

• Section Header (sometimes called Segue)

• Two Content (side by side bullet textboxes)

• Comparison (same but additional title for each side by side content box)

• Title Only

• Blank

• Content with Caption

• Picture with Caption

In python-pptx, these are prs.slide_layouts[0] through prs.slide_layouts[8]. However, there’s no

rule they have to appear in this order, it’s just a convention followed by the themes provided with PowerPoint. If the

deck you’re using as your template has different slide layouts or has them in a different order, you’ll have to work out

the slide layout indices for yourself. It’s pretty easy. Just open it up in Slide Master view in PowerPoint and count

down from the top, starting at zero.

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Now we can get to creating a new slide.

2.5.2 Adding a slide

Let’s use the Title and Content slide layout; a lot of slides do:

SLD_LAYOUT_TITLE_AND_CONTENT = 1

prs = Presentation()

slide_layout = prs.slide_layouts[SLD_LAYOUT_TITLE_AND_CONTENT]

slide = prs.slides.add_slide(slide_layout)

A few things to note:

• Using a “constant” value like SLD_LAYOUT_TITLE_AND_CONTENT is up to you. If you’re creating many

slides it can be handy to have constants deﬁned so a reader can more easily make sense of what you’re doing.

There isn’t a set of these built into the package because they can’t be assured to be right for the starting deck

you’re using.

• prs.slide_layouts is the collection of slide layouts contained in the presentation and has list semantics,

at least for item access which is about all you can do with that collection at the moment. Using prs for the

Presentation instance is purely conventional, but I like it and use it consistently.

• prs.slides is the collection of slides in the presentation, also has list semantics for item access, and len()

works on it. Note that the method to add the slide is on the slide collection, not the presentation. The

add_slide() method appends the new slide to the end of the collection. At the time of writing it’s the

only way to add a slide, but sooner or later I expect someone will want to insert one in the middle, and when

they post a feature request for that I expect I’ll add an insert_slide(idx, ...) method.

2.5.3 Doing other things with slides

Right now, adding a slide is the only operation on the slide collection. On the backlog at the time of writing is deleting

a slide and moving a slide to a different position in the list. Copying a slide from one presentation to another turns

out to be pretty hard to get right in the general case, so that probably won’t come until more of the backlog is burned

down.

2.5.4 Up next . . .

Ok, now that we have a new slide, let’s talk about how to put something on it . . .

2.6 Understanding Shapes

Pretty much anything on a slide is a shape; the only thing I can think of that can appear on a slide that’s not a shape

is a slide background. There are between six and ten different types of shape, depending how you count. I’ll explain

some of the general shape concepts you’ll need to make sense of how to work with them and then we’ll jump right

into working with the speciﬁc types.

Technically there are six and only six different types of shapes that can be placed on a slide:

auto shape This is a regular shape, like a rectangle, an ellipse, or a block arrow. They come in a large variety of

preset shapes, in the neighborhood of 180 different ones. An auto shape can have a ﬁll and an outline, and can

contain text. Some auto shapes have adjustments, the little yellow diamonds you can drag to adjust how round

2.6. Understanding Shapes 15

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the corners of a rounded rectangle are for example. A text box is also an autoshape, a rectangular one, just by

default without a ﬁll and without an outline.

picture A raster image, like a photograph or clip art is referred to as a picture in PowerPoint. It’s its own kind of shape

with different behaviors than an autoshape. Note that an auto shape can have a picture ﬁll, in which an image

“shows through” as the background of the shape instead of a ﬁll color or gradient. That’s a different thing. But

cool.

graphic frame This is the technical name for the container that holds a table, a chart, a smart art diagram, or media

clip. You can’t add one of these by itself, it just shows up in the ﬁle when you add a graphical object. You

probably won’t need to know anything more about these.

group shape In PowerPoint, a set of shapes can be grouped, allowing them to be selected, moved, resized, and even

ﬁlled as a unit. When you group a set of shapes a group shape gets created to contain those member shapes. You

can’t actually see these except by their bounding box when the group is selected.

line/connector Lines are different from auto shapes because, well, they’re linear. Some lines can be connected to

other shapes and stay connected when the other shape is moved. These aren’t supported yet either so I don’t

know much more about them. I’d better get to these soon though, they seem like they’d be very handy.

content part I actually have only the vaguest notion of what these are. It has something to do with embedding

“foreign” XML like SVG in with the presentation. I’m pretty sure PowerPoint itself doesn’t do anything with

these. My strategy is to ignore them. Working good so far.

As for real-life shapes, there are these nine types:

• shape shapes – auto shapes with ﬁll and an outline

• text boxes – auto shapes with no ﬁll and no outline

• placeholders – auto shapes that can appear on a slide layout or master and be inherited on slides that use that

layout, allowing content to be added that takes on the formatting of the placeholder

• line/connector – as described above

• picture – as described above

• table – that row and column thing

• chart – pie chart, line chart, etc.

• smart art – not supported yet, although preserved if present

• media clip – video or audio

2.6.1 Accessing the shapes on a slide

Each slide has a shape tree that holds its shapes. It’s called a tree because it’s hierarchical in the general case; a node

in the shape tree can be a group shape which itself can contain shapes and has the same semantics as the shape tree.

For most purposes the shape tree has list semantics. You gain access to it like so:

shapes = slide.shapes

We’ll see a lot more of the shape tree in the next few sections.

2.6.2 Up next . . .

Okay. That should be enough noodle work to get started. Let’s move on to working with AutoShapes.

16 Chapter 2. User Guide

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