Regular Articles
Performance of coherent detection for FTN-DFTs-OFDM signal using
receiver-side quadrature duobinary shaping
Cheng Xu
⇑
, Guanjun Gao
⇑
, Sai Chen, Jie Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
article info
Article history:
Received 5 July 2016
Revised 24 September 2016
Accepted 27 September 2016
Available online 3 October 2016
Keywords:
DFT-spread-OFDM
Fast-than-Nyquist signaling
Quadrature duo-binary filtering
Maximum likelihood sequence estimation
abstract
In this paper we investigate Faster-than-Nyquist Discrete-Fourier-Transform spread Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FTN-DFTs-OFDM) signaling which combines the features of both single
carrier FTN and OFDM system. By introducing the quadrature duo-binary (QDB) filtering at the receiver
side, the transmitted OFDM signal can be packed in a sub-Nyquist spacing, which improves the spectral
efficiency (SE) compared to conventional detection schemes. Maximum a posteriori (MAP) and maximum
likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) criteria have been both used and compared to find an optimal
equalization scheme for combating FTN multiplexing at transmitter side and QDB filtering at receiver
side. The simulations result show that by applying QDB filtering at the receiver side, the back-to-back
(BTB) required optical signal noise ratio (OSNR) at bit error rate (BER) of 1 10
2
is reduced by 1.5-dB
for 20-GHz spaced 128-Gb/s polarization-division-multiplexed quadrature-phase-shift-keying (PDM-
QPSK) signal, achieving a SE of 6.4-b/s/Hz.
Ó 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
For meeting the ever-increasing bandwidth demand, improving
the spectral-efficiency (SE) of optical fiber transmission has been
one of the most important pursuit for recent years’ studies on sin-
gle mode fiber transmission areas. Various methods have been
considered for such purpose, including increasing the order of
modulation formats, applying bandwidth efficient modulation
and multiplexing techniques (such as single carrier Nyquist
wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and orthogonal fre-
quency–division multiplexing (OFDM)) etc. [1–3]. Among these
studies, both single carrier based Nyquist WDM and multi-carrier
OFDM have been attracting large quantity of attention by applying
a close-to-symbol-rate channel spacing.
To further increase the SE, Faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) firstly
proposed by Mazo in 1975 draws increasing concern recently,
which aims to increase the SE further by breaking the limitation
of Nyquist rule and applying a sub-Nyquist channel spacing [4,5].
For reducing the serious inter channel interference (ICI) induced
by the sub-Nyquist spacing, the signal is strongly filtered by low-
pass filter (LPF) before being multiplexed in the frequency domain.
However, for further increasing the SE of conventional optical
OFDM signal, such direct FTN filtering seems unreasonable since
the subcarriers are orthogonally distributed in the optical fre-
quency and direct filtering in the frequency domain would
unavoidably remove the data on the edge subcarriers.
Recently, a FTN Discrete-Fourier-Transform spread OFDM (FTN-
DFTs-OFDM) scheme has been proposed to further increase the SE
of OFDM without removing part of the signal [6]. As an enhanced
OFDM scheme, DFTs is first introduced to improve the tolerance
of fiber nonlinearity [7–10]. At the same time, the DFTs processing
makes it feasible to reduce the bandwidth of OFDM through direct
frequency domain filtering without removing data unrecoverable.
In [6], the partial response filtering is adopted in the Tx DSP
only to narrow the bandwidth of OFDM signal and reduce the
inter-sub-band interference (ISBI). In [11,12], the receiver-side par-
tial response filtering has been conducted at single carrier based
FTN condition. With the partial response filtering at receiver, the
mature constant modulus algorithm (CMA) and Viterbi-Viterbi
phase estimation can be used without any modification. And the
partial response filtering after channel estimation can suppress
the noise at higher frequency and improve the signal-to-noise ratio
(SNR). With these factors considered, we investigate FTN-DFTs-
OFDM system by applying a quadrature duobinary (QDB) filtering
at receiver [11–13].
In this paper, the FTN-DFTs-OFDM employing QDB filtering and
maximum a posteriori (MAP) or maximum-likelihood-sequence
estimation (MLSE) at receiver is demonstrated compared without
QDB filtering [14–16]. The numerical results show that the perfor-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2016.09.012
1068-5200/Ó 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
⇑
Corresponding authors.
E-mail addresses: xuchengbupt@bupt.edu.cn (C. Xu), ggj@bupt.edu.cn (G. Gao).
Optical Fiber Technology 32 (2016) 66–70
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