C#编程基础与进阶指南

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“C#教程，一个适合初学者的英文版C#编程介绍，由微软的.NET倡议中的Anders Hejlsberg开发，涵盖了基础及高级C#编程概念。” C#，全称为C Sharp，是由微软在.NET框架下，由Anders Hejlsberg领导的团队开发的一种现代化、通用的面向对象的编程语言。它自推出以来，因其简洁的语法和强大的功能，受到了广大开发者的欢迎。本教程特别适合那些对编程有一定基础，特别是了解C或C++的初学者，通过学习C#，可以进一步扩展编程技能。教程内容会逐步引导读者掌握C#的基础知识，包括但不限于： 1. **基础语法**：如变量、数据类型、运算符、控制结构（条件语句、循环语句）、函数等。 2. **面向对象编程**：封装、继承、多态等核心概念，以及类、对象的创建与使用。 3. **异常处理**：理解并运用try-catch块来处理程序运行时可能出现的错误。 4. **集合与泛型**：学习ArrayList、LinkedList、HashSet、Dictionary等数据结构，以及泛型的概念和应用。 5. **LINQ**：学习使用Language Integrated Query（语言集成查询）来简化数据操作。 6. **文件和流**：如何读写文件，以及如何处理输入/输出流。 7. **多线程**：理解并发编程，掌握线程的创建和管理。 8. **委托和事件**：理解函数指针的概念，以及在C#中如何使用委托和事件进行异步编程。 9. **Asynchronous Programming**：利用async/await关键字进行异步操作，提高程序性能。 10. **.NET Framework**：了解.NET框架的组成部分，如Common Language Runtime (CLR)和Base Class Library (BCL)。 11. **Windows Forms** 或 **WPF**：学习构建桌面应用程序的用户界面。 12. **ASP.NET**：理解如何使用C#开发Web应用程序。请注意，虽然本教程是英文版，但对有基本编程背景的人来说，学习过程应该不会受到太大影响。同时，学习过程中应保持持续实践，通过编写代码来加深理解。请知悉，本教程的版权属于TutorialsPoint(I)Pvt.Ltd.，未经授权，禁止复制、分发或以任何形式重新发布其内容。此外，尽管TutorialsPoint尽力确保教程内容的准确性和及时性，但内容可能存在误差或不准确之处，使用者需自行承担可能的风险。在学习过程中遇到任何问题，建议寻求专业指导或查阅官方文档以获取最准确的信息。

Before we study basic building blocks of the C# programming language, let us look

at a bare minimum C# program structure so that we can take it as a reference in

upcoming chapters.

Creating Hello World Program

A C# program consists of the following parts:

 Namespace declaration

 A class

 Class methods

 Class attributes

 A Main method

 Statements and Expressions

 Comments

Let us look at a simple code that prints the words "Hello World":

using System;

namespace HelloWorldApplication

{

class HelloWorld

{

static void Main(string[] args)

{

/* my first program in C# */

Console.WriteLine("Hello World");

Console.ReadKey();

}

3. PROGRAM STRUCTURE

When this code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:

Hello World

Let us look at the various parts of the given program:

 The first line of the program using System; - the using keyword is used to

include the System namespace in the program. A program generally has

multiple using statements.

 The next line has the namespace declaration. A namespace is a collection of

classes. The HelloWorldApplication namespace contains the class HelloWorld.

 The next line has a class declaration, the class HelloWorld contains the data

and method definitions that your program uses. Classes generally contain

multiple methods. Methods define the behavior of the class. However, the

HelloWorld class has only one method Main.

 The next line defines the Main method, which is the entry point for all C#

programs. The Main method states what the class does when executed.

 The next line /*...*/ is ignored by the compiler and it is put to add

comments in the program.

 The Main method specifies its behavior with the statement

Console.WriteLine("Hello World");

 WriteLine is a method of the Console class defined in the System namespace.

This statement causes the message "Hello, World!" to be displayed on the

screen.

 The last line Console.ReadKey(); is for the VS.NET Users. This makes the

program wait for a key press and it prevents the screen from running and

closing quickly when the program is launched from Visual Studio .NET.

It is worth to note the following points:

 C# is case sensitive.

 All statements and expression must end with a semicolon (;).

 The program execution starts at the Main method.

 Unlike Java, program file name could be different from the class name.

Compiling and Executing the Program

If you are using Visual Studio.Net for compiling and executing C# programs, take the

following steps:

 Start Visual Studio.

 On the menu bar, choose File -> New -> Project.

 Choose Visual C# from templates, and then choose Windows.

 Choose Console Application.

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