Fe3O4@Au纳米颗粒提升表面等离子体共振法凝血酶检测灵敏度
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本文是一篇发表在《传感器与执行器B:化学》(Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical)期刊上的研究论文，标题为“Fe3O4@Au纳米颗粒作为表面等离子体共振光谱中用于凝血酶检测的信号增强手段”。作者探讨了利用Fe3O4（四氧化三铁）包裹的金(Au)纳米颗粒作为新型生物传感器技术中的关键组件，其目的是提升表面等离子体共振(SPR)光谱法在凝血酶(thrombin)检测中的敏感性和特异性。
表面等离子体共振是一种基于金属纳米粒子对光的特殊散射和吸收现象的光谱分析技术，当光线照射到金属表面时，会在特定波长处激发电子从金属表面跃迁至导带，形成共振。Fe3O4@Au纳米颗粒的设计利用了金纳米粒子的高光吸收率以及Fe3O4的磁性和生物相容性。通过将这两种材料结合，研究人员能够实现以下几个关键功能：
1. **信号增强**：Fe3O4的磁性使得这些复合纳米颗粒易于分离和回收，减少了背景噪音，并且在光信号传输过程中可能产生的干扰。同时，金的等离子体共振效应能够放大微小的生物分子-金界面相互作用，从而显著增强信号强度。
2. **生物识别**：文章提到的“aptamer”是一种单链DNA或RNA分子，能够选择性地结合目标蛋白质，如凝血酶。在这里，aptamer被设计用于识别并结合凝血酶，使其与Fe3O4@Au纳米颗粒结合，进一步增强SPR信号。
3. **灵敏度和特异性**：通过优化纳米颗粒的制备和表面修饰，研究者旨在提高检测方法对凝血酶的灵敏度和选择性，这对于临床诊断和生物监测至关重要，尤其是在凝血相关疾病（如血栓形成）的早期检测中。
4. **跨学科应用**：这篇研究展示了纳米技术在生物传感领域的交叉应用，结合了材料科学、生物化学和医学诊断的前沿进展，具有广阔的应用前景。
这项研究不仅为生物传感器领域提供了新的策略，还展示了纳米复合材料在提高生物分子检测性能方面的潜力，对于未来开发出更为精确、快速和便捷的医疗诊断工具具有重要意义。
Sensors
and
Actuators
B
212
(2015)
505–511
Contents
lists
available
at
ScienceDirect
Sensors
and
Actuators
B:
Chemical
jo
ur
nal
home
page:
www.elsevier.com/locate/snb
Fe
3
O
4
@Au
nanoparticles
as
a
means
of
signal
enhancement
in
surface
plasmon
resonance
spectroscopy
for
thrombin
detection
Hongxia
Chen
a,∗
,
Fangjie
Qi
a
,
Hongjian
Zhou
b
,
Shengsong
Jia
a
,
Yanmin
Gao
a
,
Kwangnak
Koh
c
,
Yongmei
Yin
d,∗∗
a
Laboratory
of
Biosensing
Technology,
School
of
Life
Sciences,
Shanghai
University,
Shanghai
200444,
PR
China
b
Department
of
Cogno-Mechatronics
Engineering,
Pusan
National
University,
Busan
609-735,
Republic
of
Korea
c
Institute
of
General
Education,
Pusan
National
University,
Busan
609-735,
Republic
of
Korea
d
Department
of
Oncology,
the
First
Affiliated
Hospital
of
Nanjing
Medical
University,
Nanjing
210029,
PR
China
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
i
n
f
o
Article
history:
Received
18
November
2014
Received
in
revised
form
13
January
2015
Accepted
5
February
2015
Available
online
19
February
2015
Keywords:
Thrombin
Aptamer
Surface
plasmon
resonance
Signal
amplication
Gold
capped
magnetic
nanoparticles
a
b
s
t
r
a
c
t
The
core-shell
gold
capped
magnetic
nanoparticles
(GMPs)
have
been
receiving
increasing
attention
because
of
its
optical
and
magnetic
properties.
In
order
to
evaluate
the
ability
of
GMPs
as
a
means
of
sig-
nal
enhancement
in
surface
plasmon
resonance
(SPR)
spectroscopy,
a
sandwich
SPR
sensor
is
constructed
by
using
thrombin
as
a
model
analyte.
In
this
design,
thrombin
is
captured
by
thrombin
aptamer
1
(Apt1)
and
sensitively
detected
through
addition
of
GMPs-Apt2
conjugates.
Compared
with
gold
nanoparti-
cles
(GNPs)
and
magnetic
nanoparticles
(MNPs),
GMPs-Apt2
conjugates
result
in
a
significant
SPR
angle
increase,
which
is
mainly
attributed
by
the
larger
mass
and
higher
refractive
index
of
the
GMP
nanopar-
ticles.
Therefore,
the
detection
limit
can
be
achieved
as
low
as
0.1
nM.
Since
GMP
may
have
high
stability
and
biocompatibility,
it
can
be
a
useful
sandwich
element
for
sensor
fabrication
and
an
excellent
ampli-
fication
reagent
for
SPR
measurement.
This
work
may
also
afford
a
new
model
to
improve
the
sensitivity
and
selectivity
of
SPR
biosensors
in
protein
detection
and
disease
diagnosis.
©
2015
Elsevier
B.V.
All
rights
reserved.
1.
Introduction
Nanomaterials
have
attracted
more
and
more
attention
in
the
field
of
biosensor
on
the
basis
of
their
unique
optical,
electronic,
and
catalytic
properties
[1–5].
After
introduction
of
nanomaterials,
the
performance
of
biosensors
can
be
improved
obviously,
which
may
also
promote
the
research
and
development
of
novel
kind
of
biosensors.
Surface
plasmon
resonance
(SPR)
biosensor
is
a
rising
technology
in
the
field
of
biomarker
detection.
The
SPR
system
allows
a
label-free,
real-time,
highly
sensitive
monitoring
of
the
whole
assay
process
[6,7].
In
the
meantime,
it
has
also
received
great
interest
to
select
a
kind
of
nanomaterial
which
can
lead
to
SPR
signal
amplification,
and
finally
improve
the
sensitivity
of
SPR
biosensor.
The
application
of
gold
nanoparticles
(GNPs)
[8–10]
and
mag-
netic
nanoparticles
(MNPs)
[11–13]
in
the
SPR
optical
biosensor
has
been
attracted
increasing
attention.
Lyon
et
al.
have
applied
GNPs
as
the
signal-amplifying
label
in
the
sandwich
structure
immunoassay
∗
Corresponding
author.
Tel.:
+86
21
6613
7539.
∗∗
Corresponding
author.
Tel.:
+86
25
68136043.
E-mail
addresses:
hxchen@shu.edu.cn
(H.
Chen),
ym.yin@hotmail.com
(Y.
Yin).
[14].
Ascribed
to
their
biocompatibility
and
high
refractive
index,
the
SPR
signal
after
being
labeled
with
GNPs
increases
twenty
times
than
that
of
non-labelling.
Meanwhile,
Wang
et
al.
have
revealed
that
electromagnetic
field
(EMF)
may
enhance
the
signal
of
sandwich
immunosensor
labeled
with
MNPs
to
four
orders
of
magnitudes
[13].
The
grating
SPR
sensor
fabricated
by
Wang
and
his
co-workers
has
also
been
applied
in
the
detection
of
HCG.
However,
there
has
no
report
about
using
MNPs
covered
with
gold
colloid
(GMPs)
to
fabricate
the
sensitive
SPR
sensor.
In
this
work,
GMPs
are
utilized
as
a
means
of
signal
enhance-
ment
in
surface
plasmon
resonance
spectroscopy,
and
thrombin
is
employed
as
a
model
protein
here.
Thrombin
has
two
aptamers
(Apt1,
15
bases
sequence,
and
Apt2,
29
bases
sequence)
[15–18],
which
are
used
to
recognize
the
different
parts
of
thrombin
to
form
a
sandwich
structure.
As
shown
in
Fig.
1,
thiolated
15-mer
Apt1
with
polythymine
(T10)
is
designed
in
this
study
and
immobilized
on
the
gold
disk
through
covalent
binding
between
the
thiol
group
of
Apt1
and
Au.
The
T10
part
of
Apt1
acts
as
a
spacer
to
provide
enough
combination
space.
Mercaptohexanol
(MCH)
is
used
in
the
next
step
to
backfill
the
gold
disk
so
as
to
resist
nonspecific
binding
and
obtain
well
aligned
aptamer
monolayers
[19].
In
the
presence
of
thrombin,
Apt1
can
recognize
it
and
form
G-quarter
structure.
After
that,
AuNPs-Apt2
conjugates,
MNPs-Apt2
conjugates
and
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.02.062
0925-4005/©
2015
Elsevier
B.V.
All
rights
reserved.
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