Spring Framework 5.0.0.M1 英文详细教程：入门与核心模块详解

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本篇教程详细介绍了Spring Framework 5.0.0.M1的最新英文版本，Spring Framework是Java开发中的一个重要框架，由Rod Johnson、Juergen Hoeller等人共同创建。该文档版权属于2004-2016年，允许个人复制和分发，但需确保免费且包含版权声明。 1. **概述** (Overview of Spring Framework) - 这部分提供了Spring框架的整体介绍，帮助读者理解其在软件开发中的作用和价值。它可能涵盖了Spring的核心特性、设计理念和目标，以及其在企业应用开发中的普遍应用。 2. **入门指南** (Getting Started with Spring) - 新手用户可以在这里找到快速入门Spring Framework的步骤，包括设置环境、配置基础组件等。这部分内容通常包含简单的示例和步骤，以便新手能够迅速上手。 3. **Spring框架简介** (Introduction to the Spring Framework) - 这一节深入阐述了Spring的核心概念，如依赖注入（Dependency Injection, DI）和控制反转（Inversion of Control, IoC）。DI使得代码解耦，而IoC则简化了组件之间的通信管理。 4. **核心容器** (Core Container) - Spring的容器是其基石，负责管理和创建应用程序对象。这部分讲解了如何使用Spring IoC容器管理Bean的生命周期、装配和配置。 5. **面向切面编程（AOP）与动态代理** (AOP and Instrumentation) - AOP是Spring的重要特性，用于实现横切关注点（如日志、事务管理）的模块化。通过代理技术，Spring能够透明地插入行为到程序执行流程中。 6. **消息传递** (Messaging) - 映射到Spring的消息驱动架构（MDA），这部分可能涉及Spring的MQ（Message Queuing）支持，如Spring AMQP或JMS，用于处理异步消息传递。 7. **数据访问与集成** (Data Access/Integration) - 提供了对各种数据库和数据访问技术的支持，包括JDBC、ORM（如Hibernate）、NoSQL以及分布式系统集成，如RESTful API和WebSocket。 8. **团队与贡献者** (Team & Contributors) - 列出主要的开发者和贡献者名单，包括Colin Sampaleanu、Rob Harrop等，展示了Spring社区的多元化和专业性。 9. **版权与许可** (Copyright & License) - 文档版权说明，强调了复制和分发的条件，即只能用于个人学习和非商业用途，并要求保留版权声明。阅读这份详细的Spring Framework 5.0.0.M1教程，开发者将深入了解这个框架的工作原理，掌握其关键特性，并能在实际项目中充分利用其带来的优势。无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中获益匪浅。

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Spring Framework Reference Documentation

5.0.0.M1 Spring Framework xvi

Mapping the request body with the @RequestBody annotation .................. 474

Mapping the response body with the @ResponseBody annotation ............. 475

Creating REST Controllers with the @RestController annotation ................ 476

Using HttpEntity ...................................................................................... 476

Using @ModelAttribute on a method ....................................................... 476

Using @ModelAttribute on a method argument ......................................... 477

Using @SessionAttributes to store model attributes in the HTTP session

between requests ................................................................................... 479

Using @SessionAttribute to access pre-existing global session attributes .... 480

Using @RequestAttribute to access request attributes .............................. 480

Working with "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" data ............................ 480

Mapping cookie values with the @CookieValue annotation ........................ 481

Mapping request header attributes with the @RequestHeader annotation ... 481

Method Parameters And Type Conversion ............................................... 482

Customizing WebDataBinder initialization ................................................. 482

Advising controllers with @ControllerAdvice and @RestControllerAdvice .... 483

Jackson Serialization View Support ......................................................... 484

Jackson JSONP Support ........................................................................ 485

Asynchronous Request Processing .................................................................. 486

Exception Handling for Async Requests ................................................... 487

Intercepting Async Requests ................................................................... 488

HTTP Streaming ..................................................................................... 488

HTTP Streaming With Server-Sent Events ............................................... 488

HTTP Streaming Directly To The OutputStream ....................................... 489

Configuring Asynchronous Request Processing ........................................ 489

Testing Controllers ......................................................................................... 490

18.4. Handler mappings .......................................................................................... 490

Intercepting requests with a HandlerInterceptor ................................................ 491

18.5. Resolving views ............................................................................................. 493

Resolving views with the ViewResolver interface .............................................. 493

Chaining ViewResolvers ................................................................................. 495

Redirecting to Views ....................................................................................... 495

RedirectView .......................................................................................... 496

The redirect: prefix ................................................................................. 497

The forward: prefix ................................................................................. 497

ContentNegotiatingViewResolver ..................................................................... 497

18.6. Using flash attributes ..................................................................................... 499

18.7. Building URIs ................................................................................................. 500

Building URIs to Controllers and methods ........................................................ 501

Building URIs to Controllers and methods from views ....................................... 502

18.8. Using locales ................................................................................................. 503

Obtaining Time Zone Information .................................................................... 503

AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver .......................................................................... 503

CookieLocaleResolver ..................................................................................... 503

SessionLocaleResolver ................................................................................... 504

LocaleChangeInterceptor ................................................................................ 504

18.9. Using themes ................................................................................................ 504

Overview of themes ........................................................................................ 504

Defining themes ............................................................................................. 505

Theme resolvers ............................................................................................. 505

Spring Framework Reference Documentation

5.0.0.M1 Spring Framework xvii

18.10. Spring’s multipart (file upload) support ........................................................... 506

Introduction .................................................................................................... 506

Using a MultipartResolver with Commons FileUpload ........................................ 506

Using a MultipartResolver with Servlet 3.0 ....................................................... 506

Handling a file upload in a form ...................................................................... 507

Handling a file upload request from programmatic clients .................................. 508

18.11. Handling exceptions ..................................................................................... 509

HandlerExceptionResolver .............................................................................. 509

@ExceptionHandler ........................................................................................ 509

Handling Standard Spring MVC Exceptions ...................................................... 510

Annotating Business Exceptions With @ResponseStatus .................................. 511

Customizing the Default Servlet Container Error Page ...................................... 511

18.12. Web Security ............................................................................................... 512

18.13. Convention over configuration support ........................................................... 512

The Controller ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping ........................................ 512

The Model ModelMap (ModelAndView) ............................................................ 513

The View - RequestToViewNameTranslator ..................................................... 514

18.14. HTTP caching support .................................................................................. 515

Cache-Control HTTP header ........................................................................... 516

HTTP caching support for static resources ....................................................... 516

Support for the Cache-Control, ETag and Last-Modified response headers in

Controllers ...................................................................................................... 517

Shallow ETag support ..................................................................................... 518

18.15. Code-based Servlet container initialization ..................................................... 519

18.16. Configuring Spring MVC ............................................................................... 520

Enabling the MVC Java Config or the MVC XML Namespace ............................ 521

Customizing the Provided Configuration ........................................................... 522

Conversion and Formatting ............................................................................. 523

Validation ....................................................................................................... 524

Interceptors .................................................................................................... 525

Content Negotiation ........................................................................................ 526

View Controllers ............................................................................................. 527

View Resolvers .............................................................................................. 527

Serving of Resources ..................................................................................... 528

Falling Back On the "Default" Servlet To Serve Resources ................................ 531

Path Matching ................................................................................................ 532

Message Converters ....................................................................................... 533

Advanced Customizations with MVC Java Config ............................................. 534

Advanced Customizations with the MVC Namespace ........................................ 535

19. View technologies ..................................................................................................... 536

19.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 536

19.2. Thymeleaf ..................................................................................................... 536

19.3. Groovy Markup Templates .............................................................................. 536

Configuration .................................................................................................. 536

Example ......................................................................................................... 537

19.4. FreeMarker .................................................................................................... 537

Dependencies ................................................................................................ 537

Context configuration ...................................................................................... 537

Creating templates ......................................................................................... 537

Advanced FreeMarker configuration ................................................................. 538

Spring Framework Reference Documentation

5.0.0.M1 Spring Framework xviii

Bind support and form handling ....................................................................... 538

The bind macros .................................................................................... 538

Simple binding ........................................................................................ 538

Form input generation macros ................................................................. 539

HTML escaping and XHTML compliance ................................................. 543

19.5. JSP & JSTL .................................................................................................. 543

View resolvers ................................................................................................ 543

'Plain-old' JSPs versus JSTL ........................................................................... 544

Additional tags facilitating development ............................................................ 544

Using Spring’s form tag library ........................................................................ 544

Configuration .......................................................................................... 544

The form tag .......................................................................................... 545

The input tag .......................................................................................... 546

The checkbox tag ................................................................................... 546

The checkboxes tag ............................................................................... 548

The radiobutton tag ................................................................................ 548

The radiobuttons tag ............................................................................... 548

The password tag ................................................................................... 549

The select tag ........................................................................................ 549

The option tag ........................................................................................ 549

The options tag ...................................................................................... 550

The textarea tag ..................................................................................... 551

The hidden tag ....................................................................................... 551

The errors tag ........................................................................................ 551

HTTP Method Conversion ....................................................................... 553

HTML5 Tags .......................................................................................... 554

19.6. Script templates ............................................................................................. 554

Dependencies ................................................................................................ 554

How to integrate script based templating .......................................................... 555

19.7. XML Marshalling View .................................................................................... 557

19.8. Tiles .............................................................................................................. 557

Dependencies ................................................................................................ 557

How to integrate Tiles ..................................................................................... 557

UrlBasedViewResolver ............................................................................ 558

ResourceBundleViewResolver ................................................................. 558

SimpleSpringPreparerFactory and SpringBeanPreparerFactory ................. 559

19.9. XSLT ............................................................................................................. 559

My First Words ............................................................................................... 560

Bean definitions ...................................................................................... 560

Standard MVC controller code ................................................................. 560

Document transformation ........................................................................ 561

19.10. Document views (PDF/Excel) ........................................................................ 561

Introduction .................................................................................................... 561

Configuration and setup .................................................................................. 562

Document view definitions ....................................................................... 562

Controller code ....................................................................................... 562

Subclassing for Excel views .................................................................... 562

Subclassing for PDF views ..................................................................... 564

19.11. Feed Views ................................................................................................. 564

19.12. JSON Mapping View .................................................................................... 565

Spring Framework Reference Documentation

5.0.0.M1 Spring Framework xix

19.13. XML Mapping View ...................................................................................... 565

20. CORS Support ......................................................................................................... 566

20.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 566

20.2. Controller method CORS configuration ............................................................ 566

20.3. Global CORS configuration ............................................................................. 567

JavaConfig ..................................................................................................... 567

XML namespace ............................................................................................ 568

20.4. Advanced Customization ................................................................................ 568

20.5. Filter based CORS support ............................................................................. 568

21. Integrating with other web frameworks ....................................................................... 570

21.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 570

21.2. Common configuration ................................................................................... 571

21.3. JavaServer Faces 1.2 .................................................................................... 572

SpringBeanFacesELResolver (JSF 1.2+) ......................................................... 572

FacesContextUtils ........................................................................................... 572

21.4. Apache Struts 2.x .......................................................................................... 572

21.5. Tapestry 5.x .................................................................................................. 573

21.6. Further Resources ......................................................................................... 573

22. WebSocket Support .................................................................................................. 574

22.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 574

WebSocket Fallback Options ........................................................................... 574

A Messaging Architecture ............................................................................... 575

Sub-Protocol Support in WebSocket ................................................................ 575

Should I Use WebSocket? .............................................................................. 575

22.2. WebSocket API ............................................................................................. 576

Create and Configure a WebSocketHandler ..................................................... 576

Customizing the WebSocket Handshake .......................................................... 577

WebSocketHandler Decoration ........................................................................ 578

Deployment Considerations ............................................................................. 578

Configuring the WebSocket Engine ................................................................. 579

Configuring allowed origins ............................................................................. 581

22.3. SockJS Fallback Options ................................................................................ 582

Overview of SockJS ....................................................................................... 582

Enable SockJS ............................................................................................... 583

HTTP Streaming in IE 8, 9: Ajax/XHR vs IFrame .............................................. 584

Heartbeat Messages ....................................................................................... 585

Servlet 3 Async Requests ............................................................................... 585

CORS Headers for SockJS ............................................................................. 586

SockJS Client ................................................................................................. 586

22.4. STOMP Over WebSocket Messaging Architecture ........................................... 588

Overview of STOMP ....................................................................................... 588

Enable STOMP over WebSocket ..................................................................... 589

Flow of Messages .......................................................................................... 591

Annotation Message Handling ......................................................................... 593

Sending Messages ......................................................................................... 595

Simple Broker ................................................................................................ 595

Full-Featured Broker ....................................................................................... 595

Connections To Full-Featured Broker .............................................................. 596

Using Dot as Separator in @MessageMapping Destinations .............................. 597

Authentication ................................................................................................. 598

Spring Framework Reference Documentation

5.0.0.M1 Spring Framework xx

User Destinations ........................................................................................... 599

Listening To ApplicationContext Events and Intercepting Messages ................... 600

STOMP Client ................................................................................................ 601

WebSocket Scope .......................................................................................... 603

Configuration and Performance ....................................................................... 604

Runtime Monitoring ......................................................................................... 607

Testing Annotated Controller Methods ............................................................. 608

23. Web Reactive Framework ......................................................................................... 609

23.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 609

Reactive Programming .................................................................................... 609

Spring Web Reactive Types ............................................................................ 609

23.2. Spring Web Reactive Overview ....................................................................... 609

Spring Web Reactive Module .......................................................................... 609

Reactive Web Client ....................................................................................... 611

23.3. Getting Started .............................................................................................. 612

Spring Boot Starter ......................................................................................... 612

Manual Bootstrapping ..................................................................................... 612

Extent of Support in 5.0 M1 ............................................................................ 612

VI. Integration ......................................................................................................................... 613

24. Remoting and web services using Spring ................................................................... 614

24.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 614

24.2. Exposing services using RMI .......................................................................... 615

Exporting the service using the RmiServiceExporter ......................................... 615

Linking in the service at the client ................................................................... 616

24.3. Using Hessian to remotely call services via HTTP ............................................ 616

Wiring up the DispatcherServlet for Hessian and co. ......................................... 616

Exposing your beans by using the HessianServiceExporter ............................... 617

Linking in the service on the client .................................................................. 617

Applying HTTP basic authentication to a service exposed through Hessian ......... 618

24.4. Exposing services using HTTP invokers .......................................................... 618

Exposing the service object ............................................................................ 618

Linking in the service at the client ................................................................... 619

24.5. Web services ................................................................................................. 620

Exposing servlet-based web services using JAX-WS ........................................ 620

Exporting standalone web services using JAX-WS ........................................... 621

Exporting web services using the JAX-WS RI’s Spring support .......................... 621

Accessing web services using JAX-WS ........................................................... 622

24.6. JMS .............................................................................................................. 622

Server-side configuration ................................................................................. 623

Client-side configuration .................................................................................. 624

24.7. AMQP ........................................................................................................... 625

24.8. Auto-detection is not implemented for remote interfaces ................................... 625

24.9. Considerations when choosing a technology .................................................... 625

24.10. Accessing RESTful services on the Client ..................................................... 626

RestTemplate ................................................................................................. 626

Working with the URI .............................................................................. 629

Dealing with request and response headers ............................................. 629

Jackson JSON Views support ................................................................. 630

HTTP Message Conversion ............................................................................ 630

StringHttpMessageConverter ................................................................... 630

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