绿色WDM光网络中多对多会话的高效路由与聚合策略

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"这篇研究论文探讨了如何在绿色WDM光网络中有效地路由和聚合多对多会话，旨在提高资源利用率并降低能耗。作者Weigang Hou、Lei Guo和Zeyu Zheng来自中国东北大学的信息科学与工程学院以及香港城市大学的计算机科学系。他们提出了一种新的方法来解决多对多会话的绿色路由和聚合问题，即'Green Routing and Aggregation of Many-to-Many Sessions (GRAMMS)'问题。" 在多对多会话中，参与者需要向同一会话中的所有其他成员发送和接收流量。这种通信模式在现代互联网服务中非常常见，如视频会议、协作工作平台等。在WDM（波分复用）光网络中，由于其能高效利用光纤带宽，因此被广泛应用于会话的路由和聚合，即流量梳状结构。然而，现有的多对多会话的梳状结构方法，如光路循环和中心节点连接的轻量级树，虽然提高了资源利用率，但在减少能耗方面效果并不理想。论文中提出的GRAMMS问题，旨在同时优化资源利用率和能源效率，以适应绿色通信的需求。随着数据中心和网络基础设施的能耗问题日益突出，绿色通信成为了一个重要的研究方向。在WDM光网络中，通过更智能的路由策略和流量聚合技术，可以降低光放大器和其他网络设备的能耗，从而实现更节能的网络运行。论文可能会详细讨论以下几点： 1. **绿色通信背景**：阐述当前网络能耗问题以及绿色通信的重要性。 2. **WDM光网络基础**：介绍WDM技术的基本原理和在网络中的应用。 3. **多对多会话的挑战**：分析多对多会话在资源管理和能耗控制上的具体挑战。 4. **GRAMMS问题定义**：明确问题的目标和约束，包括最大化资源利用率、最小化能源消耗等。 5. **算法设计**：提出创新的路由和聚合算法，可能包括优化模型和求解策略。 6. **性能评估**：通过模拟或实验对比现有方法，展示GRAMMS在资源利用率和能耗方面的优势。 7. **案例分析**：可能提供具体的网络配置和会话场景，展示算法的实际效果。 8. **未来工作**：展望进一步的研究方向，如扩展到更大规模的网络，或者与其他节能技术结合等。这篇论文将深入探讨如何在保证服务质量的前提下，通过改进的路由和流量聚合策略，使WDM光网络在处理多对多会话时更加绿色和节能。这不仅有助于推动网络技术的发展，也有助于实现可持续发展的通信基础设施。

On Routing and Aggregation of Many-to-Many

Sessions over Green WDM Optical Networks

Weigang Hou

1, 2

, Lei Guo

, Zeyu Zheng

College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China

Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

E-mails: weigahou@cityu.edu.hk, guolei@ise.neu.edu.cn, zzeyu2@student.cityu.edu.hk

Abstract—In a many-to-many session, a participant distributes

and receives trafﬁc ﬂows to/from all others in the same session.

It is desirable to achieve the high resource utilizations and

low energy consumptions when we provision such sessions. In

the Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing (WDM) optical network,

trafﬁc grooming has been widely applied as the key technol-

ogy for the routing and aggregation of sessions due to the

high resource utilizations. However, the current many-to-many

grooming approaches, whether the lightpath circle or the hubbed

light-tree, do not make effort on reducing energy consumptions

of many-to-many sessions. In this paper, we formulate the

“Green Routing and Aggregation of Many-to-Many Sessions

(GRAMMS)” problem. For the problem solving, we propose a

novel heuristic that applies a rational combination of lightpaths

in green WDM optical networks. We further give an illustrative

comparison between our heuristic and existing approaches in

terms of energy savings. Extensive simulation results demonstrate

that, compared to benchmark approaches, our heuristic can

achieve much higher energy efﬁciency.

Index Terms—Many-to-many, trafﬁc grooming, green routing,

lightpath combination.

I. INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, optical networks applying the Wavelength-

Division-Multiplexing (WDM) technology have been widely

used to provide the high transmission bandwidth for commu-

nications [1,2], which suits the increased bandwidth demand

for applications such as multi-media conference, distance

learning, collaborative research etc [3]. In those kinds of

applications, each participant should be capable of sending

and receiving messages to/from all other participants in the

same session, which can be characterized as “many-to-many”.

With such rising bandwidth demands, energy consumptions

in WDM networks increase signiﬁcantly and the energy saving

issue becomes increasingly important in the Information and

Communication Technology (ICT) industry, leading to the

concept of Green WDM Networks [4-14]. Recently, how to

optimally provision the high-bandwidth demands in WDM

networks in an energy-efﬁcient fashion attracts great attentions

from both the industrial and academic ﬁelds and remains as

an opening and challenging research issue.

To achieve the energy-efﬁcient resource provisioning for

“many-to-many” sessions in WDM networks, two aspects

that play the dominating role in the overall energy consump-

tion should be optimized: 1) the total number of consumed

lightpaths (each lightpath involves the energy consumptions

of transceivers, Optical-Electrical-Optical (OEO) conversions

etc.); 2) the total number of physical hops along the consumed

lightpaths (it involves the energy consumptions of optical

switching and ampliﬁers etc. along the lightpath). Where-

as most previous works are not energy-efﬁciency oriented

and mainly focus on the resource utilization improvement

by applying the trafﬁc grooming technique [15-18] that can

aggregate multiple trafﬁc ﬂows on an all-optical lightpath.

Among those works, there are two kinds of typical many-to-

many grooming techniques named as LightPath Circle (LPC)

and Hubbed Light-Tree (HLT) [15,18].

As for the LPC approach, it establishes several cascaded

lightpaths to form a circle for each “many-to-many” session.

The LPC approach well utilizes the network resources espe-

cially when dealing with small sessions, each with a small

amount of aggregated trafﬁc ﬂows. However, considering large

sessions, each with a large set of member nodes, LPC could

result in multiple large and overlapped lightpath circles that

will lead to the huge energy consumptions.

As an example of Fig. 1, we consider two “many-to-many”

sessions r

and r

with the member node set: {A, B, D} and

{A, B, D, E} respectively on a physical topology in Fig. 1(a).

We assume that each trafﬁc ﬂow in each session requires

one unit of bandwidth and one lightpath can provide the

wavelength capacity of two units. For the small session r

LPC approach establishes a simple lightpath circle A → B →

D → A as in Fig. 1(b). The label besides the lightpath, e.g.

A1, represents the trafﬁc ﬂow originating from A in session r

Obviously, all lightpaths are fully-utilized on that circle mean-

while it ensures each member receives trafﬁc ﬂows from other

members in the same session. Whereas for the large session

, in which the aggregated trafﬁc ﬂows exceeds the capacity

of one lightpath, LPC approach will construct two large and

overlapped lightpath circles A → B → E → D → A. Here,

the lightpath B → E traverses the bypass node C. Totally,

LPC needs to establish 11 lightpaths mainly consumed by 2

large and overlapped lightpath circles.

In the HLT approach, for each session, it ﬁrstly builds

lightpaths to aggregate trafﬁc ﬂows of all participants to

a certain member regarded as a hub. Then, this hub node

becomes the root of a light-tree and distributes aggregated

trafﬁc ﬂows to all other members in this session. HLT selects

the same hub for as many sessions as possible, which may

increase the probability of inter-session grooming [18] that

leads to the high resource utilizations. However, it still leads

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