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Neurocomputing
journa l homepa ge: www.elsevier.com/locate/neucom
Static consensus of second-order multi-agent systems with impulsive
algorithm and time-delays
☆
Fangcui Jiang
a,b,
⁎
, Dongmei Xie
c
, Bo Liu
d
a
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
b
School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
c
Department of Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
d
College of Science, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
ARTICLE INFO
Communicated by Hongli Dong
Keywords:
Consensus
Multi-agent systems
Impulsive algorithm
Time-delay
Second-order dynamics
ABSTRACT
This paper studies the consensus problem of second-order multi-agent systems with constant time-delay, fixed
topology and impulsive algorithm based on periodic sampling. First, by theory of impulsive differential
equations, it is proved that the consensus is achieved if and only if some matrix has a simple 1 eigenvalue and all
the other eigenvalues are in the unit circle. Meanwhile, the consensus state of the system is obtained, which
indicates that the positions and the velocities of all agents reach, respectively, a constant state and zero. Hence
we say a static consensus is achieved for multiple second-order agents. Then, by stability of polynomials, we
establish a necessary and sufficient condition from the perspective of topology and protocol parameters, which
provides the range of allowable time-delay and the choice of impulse period. Finally, simulation examples are
given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
1. Introduction
In recent years, the study on consensus behavior of multi-agent
systems has received a great deal of attention and interested many
researchers in various fields. Applications of this research pertain to
cooperative control of unmanned air vehicles, autonomous formation
flight, control of communication networks, swarm-based computing,
rendezvous in space etc. [1–3]. Systematical framework of consensus
problems for first-order multi-agent systems was established in [4] and
[5]. In addition, two kinds of consensus protocols for second-order
multi-agent systems were proposed in [6] and [7]. For more relevant
results, one can refer to the surveys [8,9] and the recent literature [10–
12].
In many practice, the synthesis of control law can only use the data
sampled at discrete sampling instants, although the system itself is a
continuous process. Thus sampled-data based consensus were studied
in [13– 19] for continuous-time multi-agent systems. [13] and [14]
investigated, respectively, the consensus of first-order agents with fixed
and switching topologies by using periodic sampling technology and
zero-order hold circuit. For multiple second-order agents, [15] pro-
posed two protocols which drove all the agents reach consensus on zero
and nonzero constant final velocity, respectively. By assuming that all
agents updated their control inputs at their own independently
sampling instants, [16] considered the asynchronous consensus of
second-order agents with switching topologies. In the case of large
sampling periods, [17] proposed a novel protocol when certain posi-
tion-like states could be only detected over network. [18] and [19]
studied the leader-following consensus via sampling control, respec-
tively, for multi-teleoperator systems and linear multi-agent systems
with randomly missing data. These sampled-data based protocols are
mostly implemented continuously during the sampling intervals, and
the dynamics of agents are controlled at all the times.
While different from sampled-data control strategies, impulsive
algorithms were presented for continuous-time second-order agents in
[20,21]. The property of impulsive algorithms (with obvious advan-
tages in less energy cost, fast transient, and easier to design) is to
instantaneously change the states of agents. There may be no any
interactions between agents during sampling intervals. Moreover, the
impulsive control is an effective control technique in many practical
applications, such as the orbit interception correction of orbiting
objects, the population control of a kind of insects, the control of
reaction process in a chemical reactor system, and the money supply in
a financial system [22–26].In[20], two kinds of impulsive algorithms
were proposed for the dynamic and static consensus of second-order
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2016.10.025
Received 31 August 2015; Received in revised form 2 August 2016; Accepted 21 October 2016
☆
This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61304163, No. 61473337 and No. 61304049), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province
(No. ZR2013FQ008), Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (No. 15JCYBJC19100), and Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University (No. 2013ZRQP006).
⁎
Corresponding author at: School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
E-mail addresses: jiangfc@pku.edu.cn (F. Jiang), dongmeixie@tju.edu.cn (D. Xie), boliu@ncut.edu.cn (B. Liu).
Neurocomputing 223 (2017) 18–25
0925-2312/ © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Available online 25 October 2016
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