Atmel AT89C52: 8位微控制器与8K字节Flash内存

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"89C52是一款基于8位微控制器的芯片，具有8K字节的可编程和擦除只读存储器(Flash)，适用于嵌入式控制系统，兼容MCS-51产品系列，具备低功耗和高性能特性。这款微控制器由Atmel采用高密度非易失性内存技术制造，支持在系统编程或通过传统非易失性内存编程器进行程序内存的重新编程。" AT89C52是一款8位微控制器，其核心特点是内置了8K字节的Flash存储器，这使得它在设计时具有很高的灵活性，能够根据需要对程序进行现场更新或使用专用编程设备进行编程。该芯片的存储器具有1,000次写/擦除周期的耐久性，确保了长期的可靠使用。在功能上，AT89C52兼容MCS-51指令集和引脚布局，这意味着开发者可以利用现有的MCS-51知识和工具进行开发工作。此外，该芯片支持全静态操作，可在0Hz至24MHz的频率范围内工作，适应广泛的系统需求。该微控制器拥有256字节的8位内部RAM，提供足够的空间进行数据处理和暂存。32条可编程输入/输出(I/O)线使得它能够连接并控制各种外部设备。同时，它配备了三个16位定时器/计数器，可以用于定时、计数以及脉冲处理等任务，满足多种实时控制需求。 AT89C52还具有八个中断源，这在处理优先级不同的事件时非常有用，可以实现高效的时间管理。此外，它还有一个可编程串行通道，支持UART通信，便于与其他设备进行串行数据交换。在节能方面，AT89C52提供了低功耗空闲模式和电源关闭模式，可以在不影响系统性能的情况下降低功耗，这对于电池供电或能源受限的应用特别有益。 Atmel的AT89C52是一款结合了8位CPU和内嵌Flash的高性能微控制器，以其兼容性、可编程性和低功耗特性，成为了许多嵌入式控制应用的理想选择。无论是工业自动化、家用电器控制还是其他领域，都能看到它的身影，是构建低成本、高效率系统的有效解决方案。

AT89C52

Special Function Registers

A map of the on-chip memory area called the Special Func-

tion Register (SFR) space is shown in Table 1.

Note that not all of the addresses are occupied, and unoc-

cupied addresses may not be implemented on the chip.

Read accesses to these addresses will in general return

random data, and write accesses will have an indetermi-

nate effect.

User software should not write 1s to these unlisted loca-

tions, since they may be used in future products to invoke

new features. In that case, the reset or inactive values of

the new bits will always be 0.

Timer 2 Registers

Control and status bits are contained in

registers T2CON (shown in Table 2) and T2MOD (shown in

Table 4) for Timer 2. The register pair (RCAP2H, RCAP2L)

are the Capture/Reload registers for Timer 2 in 16-bit cap-

ture mode or 16-bit auto-reload mode.

Interrupt Registers

The individual interrupt enable bits are

in the IE register. Two priorities can be set for each of the

six interrupt sources in the IP register.

Table 2.

T2CON—Timer/Counter 2 Control Register

Data Memory

The AT89C52 implements 256 bytes of on-chip RAM. The

upper 128 bytes occupy a parallel address space to the

Special Function Registers. That means the upper 128

bytes have the same addresses as the SFR space but are

physically separate from SFR space.

When an instruction accesses an internal location above

address 7FH, the address mode used in the instruction

specifies whether the CPU accesses the upper 128 bytes

of RAM or the SFR space. Instructions that use direct

addressing access SFR space.

For example, the following direct addressing instruction

accesses the SFR at location 0A0H (which is P2).

MOV 0A0H, #data

Instructions that use indirect addressing access the upper

128 bytes of RAM. For example, the following indirect

addressing instruction, where R0 contains 0A0H, accesses

the data byte at address 0A0H, rather than P2 (whose

address is 0A0H).

MOV @R0, #data

Note that stack operations are examples of indirect

addressing, so the upper 128 bytes of data RAM are avail-

able as stack space.

T2CON Address = 0C8H Reset Value = 0000 0000B

Bit Addressable

Bit TF2 EXF2 RCLK TCLK EXEN2 TR2 C/T2

CP/RL2

76543210

Symbol Function

TF2 Timer 2 overflow flag set by a Timer 2 overflow and must be cleared by software. TF2 will not be set when either

RCLK = 1 or TCLK = 1.

EXF2 Timer 2 external flag set when either a capture or reload is caused by a negative transition on T2EX and EXEN2 =

1. When Timer 2 interrupt is enabled, EXF2 = 1 will cause the CPU to vector to the Timer 2 interrupt routine. EXF2

must be cleared by software. EXF2 does not cause an interrupt in up/down counter mode (DCEN = 1).

RCLK Receive clock enable. When set, causes the serial port to use Timer 2 overflow pulses for its receive clock in serial

port Modes 1 and 3. RCLK = 0 causes Timer 1 overflow to be used for the receive clock.

TCLK Transmit clock enable. When set, causes the serial port to use Timer 2 overflow pulses for its transmit clock in serial

port Modes 1 and 3. TCLK = 0 causes Timer 1 overflows to be used for the transmit clock.

EXEN2 Timer 2 external enable. When set, allows a capture or reload to occur as a result of a negative transition on T2EX

if Timer 2 is not being used to clock the serial port. EXEN2 = 0 causes Timer 2 to ignore events at T2EX.

TR2 Start/Stop control for Timer 2. TR2 = 1 starts the timer.

C/T2

Timer or counter select for Timer 2. C/T2 = 0 for timer function. C/T2 = 1 for external event counter (falling edge

triggered).

CP/RL2

Capture/Reload select. CP/RL2 = 1 causes captures to occur on negative transitions at T2EX if EXEN2 = 1. CP/RL2

= 0 causes automatic reloads to occur when Timer 2 overflows or negative transitions occur at T2EX when EXEN2

= 1. When either RCLK or TCLK = 1, this bit is ignored and the timer is forced to auto-reload on Timer 2 overflow.

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