STM32微控制器系统内存引导模式应用笔记

STM32

BOOT

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"STM32 Bootloader的详细指南——N2606应用笔记" 这篇文档是AN2606，由意法半导体（ST）发布，主要针对STM32微控制器系列的应用笔记，特别是关于系统内存（Boot ROM）启动模式的说明。STM32的Bootloader是内置在设备的内部Boot ROM中的，它在生产过程中由ST预先编程。Bootloader的主要功能是通过串行外设（如USART、CAN、USB、I2C、SPI等）下载应用程序到内部的Flash存储器。每种串行接口都定义了一个兼容的通信协议，包括特定的命令集和序列。该文档适用于表1中列出的STM32产品系列，包括STM32F0、STM32F1、STM32F2以及STM32F3系列的部分型号。文档详述了使用STM32设备的Bootloader时需要考虑的支持外设和硬件要求。对于每个支持的串行外围设备的底层通信协议规范，会在单独的文档中详细说明（见第2节）。对于STM32F0系列，涵盖的型号有STM32F03xxx、STM32F04xxx、STM32F05xxx、STM32F07xxx和STM32F09xxx。STM32F1、STM32F2和STM32F3系列的部分型号也在文档的应用范围内，但未列出所有具体型号。使用STM32 Bootloader时，开发者需要理解以下关键知识点： 1. **Bootloader结构**：Bootloader存储在内部Boot ROM中，负责在上电或复位后执行初始化任务，然后从外部源接收程序代码并将其写入内部Flash。 2. **串行通信接口**：Bootloader支持多种串行通信接口，如USART、CAN、USB、I2C和SPI，这些接口提供了与外部编程设备交互的能力。 3. **通信协议**：每种串行接口都有特定的通信协议，包括命令格式、数据传输和错误处理等。理解这些协议对于实现有效的程序更新至关重要。 4. **硬件要求**：为了利用Bootloader，硬件设计必须满足特定的连接和配置要求，例如正确设置外设引脚、时钟设置和电源管理等。 5. **Boot模式选择**：STM32微控制器有多重启动模式，如Boot0和Boot1引脚状态可以决定从哪个存储介质启动，这在系统设计时需要考虑。 6. **安全性和保护**：Bootloader通常包含一些安全特性，防止未经授权的固件更新。了解如何启用和配置这些安全特性对保护设备免受恶意攻击非常重要。 7. **应用编程接口（API）**：开发人员可能需要一个API来与Bootloader进行交互，启动更新过程。这些API的使用方法和功能将在相关文档中详细说明。 8. **固件更新流程**：从固件的校验和检查到实际的编程步骤，更新流程的每一个阶段都需要仔细设计和测试，以确保可靠性和稳定性。 9. **错误处理**：在固件更新过程中，可能会遇到各种错误情况，如通信中断、数据错误等。Bootloader应能妥善处理这些错误，保证系统的健壮性。 10. **调试与测试**：在实际应用中，对Bootloader的调试和测试是必不可少的，这需要对STM32的调试接口（如JTAG或SWD）有深入理解。 AN2606应用笔记为开发者提供了STM32 Bootloader的全面指南，涵盖了从硬件设计到固件更新的全过程，对于基于STM32的系统开发具有很高的参考价值。

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List of figures AN2606

16/372 AN2606 Rev 44

List of figures

Figure 1. USART connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Figure 2. USB connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Figure 3. I2C connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Figure 4. SPI connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Figure 5. CAN connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Figure 6. ExitSecureMemory function usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Figure 7. Access to securable memory area from the bootloader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Figure 8. Bootloader selection for STM32F03xx4/6 devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Figure 9. Bootloader selection for STM32F030xC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Figure 10. Bootloader selection for STM32F05xxx and STM32F030x8 devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Figure 11. Bootloader selection for STM32F04xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Figure 12. Bootloader selection for STM32F070x6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Figure 13. Bootloader selection for STM32F070xB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Figure 14. Bootloader selection for STM32F071xx/072xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Figure 15. Bootloader selection for STM32F09xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Figure 16. Bootloader selection for STM32F10xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Figure 17. Bootloader selection for STM32F105xx/107xx devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Figure 18. Bootloader selection for STM32F10xxx XL-density devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Figure 19. Bootloader V2.x selection for STM32F2xxxx devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Figure 20. Bootloader V3.x selection for STM32F2xxxx devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Figure 21. Bootloader selection for STM32F301xx/302x4(6/8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Figure 22. Bootloader selection for STM32F302xB(C)/303xB(C) devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Figure 23. Bootloader selection for STM32F302xD(E)/303xD(E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Figure 24. Bootloader selection for STM32F303x4(6/8)/334xx/328xx. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Figure 25. Bootloader selection for STM32F318xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Figure 26. Bootloader selection for STM32F358xx devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Figure 27. Bootloader selection for STM32F373xx devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Figure 28. Bootloader selection for STM32F378xx devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Figure 29. Bootloader selection for STM32F398xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Figure 30. Bootloader V3.x selection for STM32F40xxx/41xxx devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Figure 31. Bootloader V9.x selection for STM32F40xxx/41xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Figure 32. Bootloader selection for STM32F401xB(C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Figure 33. Bootloader selection for STM32F401xD(E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Figure 34. Bootloader V11.x selection for STM32F410xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Figure 35. Bootloader selection for STM32F411xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Figure 36. Bootloader V9.x selection for STM32F412xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Figure 37. Bootloader V9.x selection for STM32F413xx/423xx. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Figure 38. Dual bank boot implementation for STM32F42xxx/43xxx Bootloader V7.x . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Figure 39. Bootloader V7.x selection for STM32F42xxx/43xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Figure 40. Dual bank boot implementation for STM32F42xxx/43xxx bootloader V9.x . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Figure 41. Bootloader V9.x selection for STM32F42xxx/43xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Figure 42. Bootloader V9.x selection for STM32F446xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Figure 43. Dual bank boot implementation for STM32F469xx/479xx Bootloader V9.x . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Figure 44. Bootloader V9.x selection for STM32F469xx/479xx. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Figure 45. Bootloader V9.x selection for STM32F72xxx/73xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Figure 46. Bootloader V7.x selection for STM32F74xxx/75xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Figure 47. Bootloader V9.x selection for STM32F74xxx/75xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Figure 48. Dual bank boot implementation for STM32F76xxx/77xxx Bootloader V9.x . . . . . . . . . . . 200

AN2606 Rev 44 17/372

AN2606 List of figures

Figure 49. Bootloader V9.x selection for STM32F76xxx/77xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Figure 50. Bootloader V5.x selection for STM32G03xxx/G04xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Figure 51. Bootloader V11.0 selection for STM32G07xxx/G08xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Figure 52. Bootloader selection for STM32G431xx/441xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

Figure 53. Bootloader selection for STM32G47xxx/48xxx. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Figure 54. Dual bank boot implementation for STM32G47xxx/48xxx bootloader V13.x . . . . . . . . . . 218

Figure 55. Bootloader V9.0 selection for STM32H72xxx/73xxx. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

Figure 56. Bootloader V9.x selection for STM32H74xxx/75xxx. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Figure 57. Bootloader V9.x selection for STM32H7A3xx/7B3xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Figure 58. Bootloader selection for STM32L01xxx/02xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

Figure 59. Bootloader selection for STM32L031xx/041xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Figure 60. Bootloader selection for STM32L05xxx/06xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Figure 61. Dual bank boot implementation for STM32L07xxx/08xxx bootloader V4.x. . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Figure 62. Bootloader V4.x selection for STM32L07xxx/08xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Figure 63. Dual bank boot implementation for STM32L07xxx/08xxx bootloader V11.x. . . . . . . . . . . 252

Figure 64. Bootloader V11.x selection for STM32L07xxx/08xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

Figure 65. Bootloader selection for STM32L1xxx6(8/B)A devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Figure 66. Bootloader selection for STM32L1xxx6(8/B) devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Figure 67. Bootloader selection for STM32L1xxxC devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Figure 68. Bootloader selection for STM32L1xxxD devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

Figure 69. Bootloader selection for STM32L1xxxE devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Figure 70. Dual bank boot Implementation for STM32L412xx/422xx bootloader V9.x . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Figure 71. Bootloader V13.x selection for STM32L412xx/422xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Figure 72. Dual bank boot Implementation for STM32L3x2xx/44xxx bootloader V9.x . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Figure 73. Bootloader V9.x selection for STM32L43xxx/44xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Figure 74. Dual bank boot Implementation for STM32L45xxx/46xxx bootloader V9.x . . . . . . . . . . . 287

Figure 75. Bootloader V9.x selection for STM32L45xxx/46xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Figure 76. Dual bank boot implementation for STM32L47xxx/48xxx bootloader V10.x. . . . . . . . . . . 293

Figure 77. Bootloader V10.x selection for STM32L47xxx/48xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

Figure 78. Dual bank boot implementation for STM32L47xxx/48xxx bootloader V9.x. . . . . . . . . . . . 299

Figure 79. Bootloader V9.x selection for STM32L47xxx/48xxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

Figure 80. Dual bank boot Implementation for STM32L496xx/4A6xx bootloader V9.x . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Figure 81. Bootloader V9.x selection for STM32L496xx/4A6xx. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

Figure 82. Dual bank boot implementation for STM32L4P5xx/4Q5xx bootloader V9.x. . . . . . . . . . . 313

Figure 83. Bootloader V9.x selection for STM32L4P5xx/4Q5xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

Figure 84. Dual bank boot implementation for STM32L4Rxxx/STM32L4Sxxx bootloader V9.x . . . . 320

Figure 85. Bootloader V9.x selection for STM32L4Rxx/4Sxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Figure 86. Bootloader V9.x selection for STM32L552xx/562xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Figure 87. Bootloader V13.0 selection for STM32WB50xx/55xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Figure 88. Bootloader V12.x selection for STM32WLE5xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

Figure 89. Bootloader Startup timing description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

Figure 90. USART connection timing description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Figure 91. USB connection timing description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

Figure 92. I2C connection timing description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

Figure 93. SPI connection timing description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

Glossary AN2606

20/372 AN2606 Rev 44

F3 Series:

STM32F301xx/302x4(6/8) is used to refer to STM32F301x4, STM32F301x6,

STM32F301x8, STM32F302x4, STM32F302x6 and STM32F302x8 devices.

STM32F302xB(C)/303xB(C) is used to refer to STM32F302xB, STM32F302xC,

STM32F303xB and STM32F303xC devices.

STM32F302xD(E)/303xD(E) is used to refer to STM32F302xD, STM32F302xE,

STM32F303xD and STM32F303xE devices.

STM32F303x4(6/8)/334xx/328xx is used to refer to STM32F303x4, STM32F303x6,

STM32F303x8, STM32F334x4, STM32F334x6, STM32F334x8, and STM32F328x8

devices.

STM32F318xx is used to refer to STM32F318x8 devices.

STM32F358xx is used to refer to STM32F358xC devices.

STM32F373xx is used to refer to STM32F373x8, STM32F373xB and STM32F373xC

devices.

STM32F378xx is used to refer to STM32F378xC devices.

STM32F398xx is used to refer to STM32F398xE devices.

F4 Series:

STM32F40xxx/41xxx is used to refer to STM32F405xx, STM32F407xx,

STM32F415xx and SMT32F417xx devices.

STM32F401xB(C) is used to refer to STM32F401xB and STM32F401xC devices.

STM32F401xD(E) is used to refer to STM32F401xD and STM32F401xE devices.

STM32F410xx is used to refer to STM32F410x8 and STM32F410xB devices.

STM32F411xx is used to refer to STM32F411xD and STM32F411xE devices.

STM32F412xx is used to refer to STM32F412Cx, STM32F412Rx, STM32F412Vx and

STM32F412Zx devices.

STM32F413xx/423xx is used to refer to STM32F413xG, STM32F413xH and

STM32F423xH devices.

STM32F42xxx/43xxx is used to refer to STM32F427xx, STM32F429xx,

STM32F437xx and STM32F439xx devices.

STM32F446xx is used to refer to STM32F446xE and STM32F446xC devices.

STM32F469xx/479xx is used to refer to STM32F469xE, STM32F469xG,

STM32F469xI, STM32F479xG and STM32F479xI devices.

F7 Series:

STM32F72xxx/73xxx is used to refer to STM32F722xx, STM32F723xx,

STM32F732xx and STM32F733xx devices.

STM32F74xxx/75xxx is used to refer to STM32F745xx, STM32F746xx and

STM32F756xx devices.

STM32F76xxx/77xxx is used to refer to STM32F765xx, STM32F767xx,

STM32F769xx, STM32F777xx and STM32F779xx devices.

G0 Series:

STM32G03xxx/04xxx is used to refer to STM32G03xxx and STM32G04xxx devices.

STM32G07xxx/08xxx is used to refer to STM32G07xxx and STM32G08xxx devices.

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