B. Boalin et al.
10.4236/tel.2020.102021 308 Theoretical Economics Letters
because they still expect favorable results in the future (Sawick and Finn
apud
Bessa and Funchal, 2012). Finally, the authors analyzed the relationship with re-
gards to the value of the shares and did not find any evidence indicating that
these facts are important enough to be considered by the investor during the al-
location process; they have no economic relevance to the performance of funds
(Bessa & Funchal, 2012).
Scolese et al. (2015), compared the behavior of a real estate investment fund
with other funds, such as fixed-income funds. The asset class factor model,
which assesses the degree of exposure of investment fund portfolios with respect
to other asset classes, was used to apply multiple regression, estimating the allo-
cation of funds in different assets and measuring the risk and style of the fund
(Sharpe
apud
Scolese et al., 2015).
When compared to the REIT (
Real Estate Investment Trust
) model, they
found that its relationship with assets has changed over time, with a cyclical re-
turn intensity. Even then, they claim that there is a positive correlation between
REITs and stocks, improving the risk-return ratio, and showing that investors
can obtain benefits through diversification (Clayton and Mackinnon
apud
Scolese
et al., 2015).
Maestri and Malaquias (2017) proved that economic factors that determine
the degree of investment, such as high rates of inflation, interest rates, exchange
rates, and international crises, had negative effects. This contradicts the argu-
ment that the financial market is affected by both political and economic issues.
Their research used the multiple panel regression model, taking the Ibovespa
benchmark, the dollar, and the SELIC (
Sistema Especial de Liquidação e Custo-
dia
—Special System for Settlement and Custody) as independent variables that
were exposed to market factors. Variable funds delivered higher returns when
compared to fixed income, but in relation to risk-return, these were weakened by
great volatility in the stock market (Trindade and Malaquias
apud
Maestri &
Malaquias, 2017).
Ceretta and Costa (2001) studied the performance of funds using data enve-
lopment analysis, emphasizing the fact that analyses that use risk or return
maximization models, simple return/risk ratios, and regressions with market in-
dices are acceptable models in assessments that only consider information about
risk and return. Nevertheless, the efficiency of such models is reduced, assuming
that investors consider a larger set of information. For this reason, they took
management costs into consideration in their analysis. Additionally, it was not
necessary to use a representative market index with this methodology. Between
funds considered inefficient and efficient, the former seeks dominance in
short-term results and it is assumed that extreme attributes are not responsible
for determining the best or worst performance, precisely because they are asso-
ciated with other attributes and weightings (desirable or undesirable). Finally,
the study lists reasons not only where to invest, but to also why not to invest in
other funds (Ceretta & Costa, 2001).