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首页Fedora 11 & Red Hat Enterprise Linux 宝典:探索开源操作系统
"Fedora.11.和.Red.Hat_Enterprise_Linux宝典.pdf"
本书是Fedora 11 和 Red Hat Enterprise Linux的权威指南,由著名Linux作者Christopher Negus和Eric Foster-Johnson共同撰写。书中详尽介绍了这两个Linux发行版的安装、运行和管理方法,适合初学者和高级用户。Fedora是一个由Red Hat赞助的开放源码项目,其技术创新最终会被应用于Red Hat Enterprise Linux的商业产品中。
书中分为四部分,首先介绍Fedora和RHEL的基础知识,包括系统概述、安装过程和桌面环境的使用。接着,引导读者掌握Linux命令行、文件系统和文本编辑器的使用,以及设置用户账户和自动化系统任务。第三部分涉及系统管理,包括备份和恢复文件、安全问题处理等。最后,详细阐述了网络和服务器配置,如局域网设置、互联网连接、打印服务器、文件服务器、邮件服务器、FTP服务器、Web服务器、LDAP地址簿服务器、DHCP启动服务器、MySQL数据库服务器的搭建,以及通过DNS使服务器对外公开。
附带的DVD包含官方Fedora 11安装镜像,近4GB的Fedora软件包,而CD-ROM则提供了一个可安装的Fedora 11 GNOME LiveCD。书中的实例和步骤帮助读者轻松上手,无论是个人娱乐,如在线桌面、多媒体和游戏,还是企业级应用,如文件共享和服务器搭建,都能提供全面指导。
这本书对于希望成功使用Fedora 11和Red Hat Enterprise Linux的人来说,是不可或缺的资源。它不仅涵盖了基本操作,还深入到高级网络服务和服务器配置,对于想要熟悉Linux环境或提升系统管理技能的读者来说,具有很高的参考价值。
Contents
Part I: Getting Started in Fedora and RHEL
Chapter 1: An Overview of Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux ............................3
Introducing Fedora 11 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux .................................................................... 4
What Is Linux?................................................................................................................................ 5
Linux’s Roots in UNIX................................................................................................................... 6
What Is an Operating System? ................................................................................................... 7
Common Linux Features................................................................................................................. 8
Primary Advantages of Linux ....................................................................................................... 10
What Are Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Fedora?......................................................................... 11
Red Hat forms the Fedora Project ............................................................................................ 11
Red Hat shifts to Red Hat Enterprise Linux ............................................................................. 14
Choosing between Fedora and Enterprise ................................................................................ 14
Why Choose Fedora or Red Hat Enterprise Linux?...................................................................... 15
Moving Toward Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6................................................................................ 17
New Features in Fedora 11............................................................................................................ 17
Faster Boot Times .................................................................................................................... 18
PackageKit Software Management .......................................................................................... 18
Many desktop improvements ................................................................................................... 19
Firefox 3.5 Web browser.......................................................................................................... 19
Ext4 file systems ...................................................................................................................... 19
Improved IPv6 support............................................................................................................. 19
Encrypted file systems.............................................................................................................. 19
RPMfusion.org third-party software repository ....................................................................... 19
Identity management with freeIPA........................................................................................... 19
NetworkManager...................................................................................................................... 20
Many security improvements ................................................................................................... 20
Getting custom Fedora spins .................................................................................................... 20
Creating your own spins........................................................................................................... 21
Firewall Configuration ............................................................................................................. 21
The Culture of Free Software........................................................................................................ 21
Summary.........................................................................................................................................22
Chapter 2: Installing Fedora..........................................................................................23
Understanding Fedora Installation Media ..................................................................................... 24
Using the Fedora 11 Live CD ....................................................................................................... 24
Quick Installation.......................................................................................................................... 26
Detailed Installation Instructions .................................................................................................. 28
Installing Fedora 11.................................................................................................................. 28
Choosing an installation method .............................................................................................. 29
xiv Contents
Choosing computer hardware................................................................................................... 32
Installing Fedora on a Laptop................................................................................................... 33
Preparing for installation using the live CD ............................................................................. 33
Beginning the installation......................................................................................................... 37
Choosing Different Install Modes ............................................................................................ 39
Running Fedora Firstboot......................................................................................................... 44
Enabling Authentication........................................................................................................... 45
Going forward after installation................................................................................................ 46
Special Installation Procedures ..................................................................................................... 47
Alternatives for starting installation ......................................................................................... 47
Installing from other media ...................................................................................................... 50
Starting a VNC install............................................................................................................... 52
Performing a kickstart installation............................................................................................ 53
Special Installation Topics ............................................................................................................ 59
Setting up to dual-boot Linux and Windows............................................................................ 59
Partitioning your disks.............................................................................................................. 65
Using the GRUB boot loader.................................................................................................... 73
Troubleshooting Installation.......................................................................................................... 79
Spinning Your Own Fedora Install or Live Media........................................................................ 81
Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 82
Chapter 3: Getting Started with the Desktop .............................................................. 83
Logging in to Fedora or RHEL ..................................................................................................... 84
Why Do I Need a User Login? ................................................................................................. 86
Getting Familiar with the Desktop ................................................................................................ 86
Using the GNOME Desktop.......................................................................................................... 95
Using the Metacity window manager....................................................................................... 97
Using the GNOME panels........................................................................................................ 98
Using the Nautilus file manager ............................................................................................. 104
Changing GNOME preferences.............................................................................................. 106
Managing removable media ................................................................................................... 108
Trying other GNOME applications ........................................................................................ 108
Switching to another user .......................................................................................................110
Exiting GNOME..................................................................................................................... 110
Switching Desktop Environments............................................................................................... 111
Using the KDE Desktop.............................................................................................................. 112
New Features in KDE 4.2....................................................................................................... 112
Starting with KDE .................................................................................................................. 113
KDE desktop basics................................................................................................................ 114
Managing files with Dolphin and Konqueror File Managers ................................................. 116
Using the Konqueror browser features................................................................................... 121
Configuring Konqueror and Dolphin options......................................................................... 122
Managing windows ................................................................................................................124
Configuring the desktop .........................................................................................................126
Contents xv
Adding widgets....................................................................................................................... 127
Running 3D Accelerated Desktop Effects................................................................................... 128
Using the Xfce Desktop Environment......................................................................................... 131
Troubleshooting Your Desktop................................................................................................... 132
GUI doesn’t work at start-up.................................................................................................. 132
What Happens During Desktop Startup?................................................................................ 133
Tuning your video card and monitor...................................................................................... 134
Configuring video cards for gaming....................................................................................... 136
Getting more information....................................................................................................... 136
Summary..................................................................................................................................... 136
Chapter 4: Using Linux Commands............................................................................139
The Shell Interface ...................................................................................................................... 139
Checking your login session................................................................................................... 140
Checking directories and permissions .................................................................................... 141
Checking system activity........................................................................................................143
Exiting the shell...................................................................................................................... 144
Understanding the Shell.............................................................................................................. 144
Using the Shell in Linux.............................................................................................................. 145
Locating commands ...............................................................................................................146
Getting Help with Using the Shell.......................................................................................... 147
Rerunning commands............................................................................................................. 149
Connecting and expanding commands................................................................................... 154
Using shell environment variables ......................................................................................... 156
Managing background and foreground processes .................................................................. 160
Configuring your shell............................................................................................................ 162
Working with the Linux File System .......................................................................................... 165
Linux File Systems Versus Windows-Based File Systems .................................................... 167
Creating files and directories..................................................................................................168
Identifying Directories............................................................................................................ 169
Moving, copying, and deleting files ....................................................................................... 173
Using the vi Text Editor.............................................................................................................. 174
Starting with vi ....................................................................................................................... 174
Exploring Other Text Editors ................................................................................................. 175
Moving around the file........................................................................................................... 177
Searching for text ................................................................................................................... 178
Using numbers with commands ............................................................................................. 178
Summary..................................................................................................................................... 179
Part II: Using Fedora and RHEL
Chapter 5: Accessing and Running Applications.......................................................183
Getting and Installing Software Packages................................................................................... 184
Downloading and installing applications with yum ............................................................... 186
Getting Fedora and RHEL software updates.......................................................................... 194
xvi Contents
Managing RPM Packages ...........................................................................................................195
Using the PackageKit Add/Remove window ......................................................................... 196
Using the rpm command......................................................................................................... 197
Using Software in Different Formats .......................................................................................... 208
Understanding software package names and formats............................................................. 208
Using Binary RPMs versus Building from Source................................................................. 209
Using different archive and document formats....................................................................... 210
Building and installing from source code............................................................................... 212
Using Fedora or RHEL to Run Applications............................................................................... 216
Finding common desktop applications in Linux..................................................................... 217
Investigating your desktop......................................................................................................219
Starting applications from a menu.......................................................................................... 219
Starting applications from a Run Application window........................................................... 220
Starting applications from a Terminal window ...................................................................... 221
Running remote X applications .............................................................................................. 222
Running Microsoft Windows, DOS, and Macintosh Applications ............................................. 227
Running DOS applications ..................................................................................................... 229
Running Microsoft Windows applications in Linux............................................................... 232
Running Applications in Virtual Environments .......................................................................... 237
Running applications virtually with Xen................................................................................ 238
Running applications virtually with KVM and QEMU.......................................................... 242
Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 244
Chapter 6: Publishing with Fedora and RHEL......................................................... 245
Desktop Publishing in Linux....................................................................................................... 246
Using Text Editors and Notepads........................................................................................... 246
Using Word Processors .......................................................................................................... 246
Using Traditional Linux Publishing Tools.................................................................................. 253
Creating Documents in Groff or LaTeX................................................................................. 254
Text processing with Groff..................................................................................................... 254
Text processing with TeX/LaTeX .......................................................................................... 257
Converting documents............................................................................................................259
Creating DocBook documents................................................................................................ 260
Understanding SGML and XML............................................................................................ 261
Displaying PDF Files with Adobe Acrobat Reader..................................................................... 264
Doing Page Layout with Scribus................................................................................................. 266
Working with Graphics ............................................................................................................... 267
Manipulating images with GIMP ........................................................................................... 268
Taking screen captures ........................................................................................................... 269
Creating vector graphic images with Inkscape ....................................................................... 270
Using Scanners Driven by SANE................................................................................................ 272
Web Publishing ........................................................................................................................... 273
Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 274
Contents xvii
Chapter 7: Gaming in Fedora and RHEL ..................................................................275
Jumping into Linux Gaming .......................................................................................................276
Basic Linux Gaming Information................................................................................................ 278
Where to get information on Linux gaming ........................................................................... 278
Choosing a video card for gaming.......................................................................................... 279
Running Open Source Linux Games........................................................................................... 281
GNOME games...................................................................................................................... 281
KDE games ............................................................................................................................ 282
Adding more games from Fedora repository.......................................................................... 284
Commercial Linux Games ..........................................................................................................294
Getting Started with commercial games in Linux.................................................................. 295
Playing commercial Linux games .......................................................................................... 295
id Software Games ................................................................................................................. 296
Gaming with Cedega..............................................................................................................298
Loki Software game demos.................................................................................................... 299
Neverwinter Nights ................................................................................................................ 302
Summary..................................................................................................................................... 303
Chapter 8: Music, Video, and Images in Linux..........................................................305
Understanding Multimedia and Legal Issues in Linux................................................................ 305
Extending Freedom to Codecs .................................................................................................... 306
Listening to Music in Linux........................................................................................................ 307
Configuring a sound card ....................................................................................................... 309
Choosing audio players ..........................................................................................................316
Automatically playing CDs.................................................................................................... 317
Playing and managing music with Rhythmbox...................................................................... 317
Troubleshooting Your CD-ROM............................................................................................ 318
Playing music with XMMS Audio Player.............................................................................. 321
Using ogg123, mpg321, and play command-line players ...................................................... 325
Using MIDI audio players...................................................................................................... 325
Converting audio files with SoX ............................................................................................ 326
Extracting and encoding music .............................................................................................. 328
Creating your own music CDs ............................................................................................... 331
Creating CD labels with cdlabelgen ....................................................................................... 335
Viewing TV and Webcams ......................................................................................................... 336
Watching TV with TVtime..................................................................................................... 337
Video conferencing and VOIP with Ekiga ............................................................................. 339
Taking Webcam videos and snapshots with Cheese .............................................................. 342
Playing Video.............................................................................................................................. 343
Examining laws affecting video and Linux............................................................................ 345
Understanding video content types......................................................................................... 346
Converting Video to Theora................................................................................................... 347
Watching video with Xine...................................................................................................... 347
Using Totem movie player..................................................................................................... 351
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