IOCD驱动的语义支持：服务导向M2M架构的互操作性关键

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本文主要探讨了在面向服务的M2M架构（Service-oriented M2M Architecture, SO-M2M）背景下，如何通过引入IOCD（Input, Output, Capability, Deployment）为基础的语义支持来提升设备间的互操作性和整体系统的灵活性。随着物联网（Internet of Things, IoT）的发展，M2M通信变得越来越复杂，传统的M2M设备和软件结构往往缺乏统一的服务层，导致不同厂商的产品难以协同工作，依赖于特定API实现的数据服务和自定义数据定义限制了其可扩展性和通用性。作者 Yan Li、Xuemei Hu、Yulin Zhang、Abdul-Wahid Mohammed 和 Yang Xu 来自中国电子科技大学计算机科学与工程学院，他们提出了一种名为IOCD的设计模式，灵感来源于Semantic Sensor Network (SSN) 概念中的服务发现模式。IOCD模式通过关注机器的四个关键属性——输入（Input）、输出（Output）、能力（Capability）和部署（Deployment），提供了一种简洁的方式来抽象和描述M2M设备和服务，以促进它们之间的无缝交互。在IOCD设计模型中，这四个核心属性被扩展并应用于实际的M2M系统设计中。输入描述设备或服务能够接收的数据类型和处理请求的方式，输出则表明它可以提供的服务结果；能力标识设备的功能和性能限制，如处理速度、数据解析等；而部署属性涉及设备的位置、网络连接方式以及运行环境等信息。这种设计模式旨在通过标准化和语义化，使得不同M2M设备能够理解并利用彼此的能力，从而实现服务的互操作性，简化服务发现过程，并提高整个SO-M2M架构的效率和可靠性。为了实现这一目标，文章可能会深入探讨如何在IOCD框架下构建统一的M2M服务注册、发现和协调机制，以及如何通过API和数据模型的标准化来促进不同供应商设备间的无缝集成。此外，还可能涉及如何利用语义网技术（Semantic Web）来增强设备和服务的语义表达，以便机器可以更好地理解和处理来自其他设备的信息。总结来说，这篇研究论文旨在解决当前M2M架构中的互操作性问题，通过IOCD设计模式，推动SO-M2M架构向更加开放、灵活和智能的方向发展，为未来的物联网应用打下坚实的基础。

IOCD-based Semantic Enablement for Service-oriented M2M Architecture

Yan Li, Xuemei Hu, Yulin Zhang, Abdul-Wahid Mohammed, Yang Xu

School of Computer Science and Engineering

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China, 611731

xuyang@uestc.edu.cn

Abstract—To build a simple picture of M2M communication

under service-oriented M2M architecture, a key innovation

underlines the enablement of M2M device abstraction and

semantics support. However, state of the art structures of

M2M devices/software lack common M2M Service Layer for

interoperability. Devices/software rely heavily on speciﬁc API

implementation-oriented data services and the data deﬁnition

of their own. In this paper, we propose a generic M2M design

pattern called IOCD by referring to the SSO pattern used in

Semantic Sensor Network ontology to enable interoperability

among M2M devices and their services. This brieﬂy abstracts

and describes machines from four key properties: input (I),

output (O), capability (C) and deployment (D). Based on the

design pattern, we extend these four properties to build our

IOCD design model. To enable IOCD semantic support, we

build our M2M semantic server under oneM2M architecture,

and extend the oneM2M Generic semantic functional model.

The M2M semantic server retrieves data from the oneM2M

platform, and semantically annotates and reasons on the data

according to IOCD design model.

Keywords-M2M, Semantic, Ontology, IOCD design pattern.

I. INTRODUCTION

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) technology is a hot research

area, and usage of M2M devices dominates in many realms

[1] [2]. Although the M2M market is much alive and grow-

ing, vertical M2M solutions dominate, and so lacks common

Service-oriented M2M Architecture for interoperability a-

mong large scale heterogeneous devices and services [3].

This inevitably impacts or even impedes large-scale M2M

deployment. Enabling the semantic support for service-

oriented M2M architecture is therefore key in this research

ﬁeld. To this end, oneM2M [4] is the current standards

organisation seeking to integrate global M2M standards and

vertical industry applications.

Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) has so far been

able to specify publicly available encoding and interface

standards, which allow developers create applications, plat-

forms, and products involving Web-connected devices so

as to make complex spatial information and services ac-

cessible and useful with all kinds of applications. In order

to add real-time sensor dimension to the Internet, Sensor

Web Enablement (SWE) makes the Web a unique and

revolutionary framework of open standards for exploiting

Web-connected sensors and sensor systems of all types.

From resource perspective, the IOT.A project [5] has also

proposed a resource model that captures different resource

types including sensor, actuator, processor, storage and tag.

This resource model is limited in representational scope, and

more resource types need to be deﬁned in order to link up

with external ontologies. Semantic Sensor Network ontology

[6] represents a high-level schema model, which provides

sensor’s device description, capabilities, platform and related

attributes in the semantic webs and applications. However, it

does not include modeling aspects for features of actuators

and other M2M devices like RFID tags.

In this paper, we propose a semantic model–IOCD to en-

able interoperability among M2M devices and their services.

This is a more generic framework, which is not limited to

vertical applications, and describes the common properties

of M2M devices from four aspects: input, output, capability

and deployment. To achieve semantic support for service in

this approach, we also implement an M2M semantic server

under oneM2M standard functional model architecture based

on the IOCD model.

II. IOCD DESIGN PATTERN

The key requirement of providing common service is

to convert application demands into speciﬁc manipulations

for both applications and machines. In consequence, we

extend the SSO design pattern [7] to achieve a more generic

framework called IOCD design pattern.

Figure 1. IOCD design pattern

As shown in Fig.1, the IOCD design pattern has 4 core

elements to satisfy the essential requirement of modeling a

machine: input(I), output(O), capability(C) and deploymen-

t(D). This design pattern can reﬂects 3 main perspectives:

1) data: with a focus on the data ﬂow and related metadata,

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