从新手到专家：JavaScript实战指南（第2版）

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"JavaScript.Novice.to.Ninja.2nd.Edition" 是一本面向初学者的JavaScript编程指南，全面更新以覆盖ECMAScript 6和现代JavaScript开发实践。本书通过实用的方法教你解决实际问题，创建吸引人的动画，构建更智能的表单，以及开发更丰富的应用程序。在本书中，你可以学习到： 1. **JavaScript基础**：了解编程的基本概念，如函数、方法、属性、循环和逻辑结构。 2. **事件处理**：利用事件监听用户交互，提升用户体验。 3. **智能表单**：构建能够增强用户体验的动态Web表单。 4. **文档对象模型(DOM)**：掌握如何操作和更新DOM，实现页面动态更新。 5. **HTML5 API**：利用HTML5强大的API为应用程序添加功能。 6. **测试与调试**：运用测试驱动开发(TDD)方法编写更健壮的代码。 7. **面向对象编程**：学习JavaScript中的面向对象编程思想。 8. **Ajax**：理解并应用Ajax技术进行异步数据交换，实现页面无刷新更新。 9. **现代JavaScript开发**：探索最新的开发工具和技术趋势。书中的章节分布如下： - 第1章：初识JavaScript - 第2章：编程基础 - 第3章：数组、逻辑与循环 - 第4章：函数 - 第5章：对象 - 第6章：文档对象模型 - 第7章：事件 - 第8章：表单 - 第9章：窗口对象 - 第10章：测试与调试 - 第11章：更深入的函数 - 第12章：JavaScript中的面向对象编程 - 第13章：Ajax - 第14章：HTML5 API - 第15章：现代JavaScript开发实践 - 第16章：下一步行动本书由Darren Jones撰写，适合想要从零开始学习JavaScript编程的读者，通过逐步指导和实例，帮助读者从新手成长为JavaScript高手，并能构建一个完整的JavaScript问答应用。

Programming

Programming is about making computers do what you want. A computer

program is basically a series of instructions that tell your computer how to

perform a task. Unfortunately, though, computers don’t speak the same

language as us ― they only use 1s and 0s. The first computers were

programmed using punched cards, with a hole representing a 1 and no hole

representing 0.

The first computer programs were written in machine code and assembly

language. These are low-level programming languages that are closely

associated with a computer’s hardware. This means they can be difficult

languages to program in because they involve writing abstract code that is

heavily tied to a computer’s architecture. If speed is very important, however,

then writing in machine code or assembly language can be the best option.

High-level programming languages, on the other hand, allow abstractions

to be used that make the code easier for humans to read and write. Programs

are written in a language such as C, C++ or Java, which is then compiled into

machine code and executed. The programs written using these languages are

very fast, making high-level languages suited to writing games and

professional business software where speed is important. Most native apps

are also written in higher-level languages.

Scripting languages are also high-level, but they are interpreted, which

means they are translated into machine code at run time. This often makes

them slower than compiled languages, although interpreters are becoming

ever more sophisticated, and increasingly blurring the lines between

compiled and interpreted languages.

The History of JavaScript

The World Wide Web started life as a bunch of pages linked by hyperlinks.

Users soon wanted more interaction with these pages, so Netscape (an early

browser vendor) asked one of their employees, Brendan Eich, to develop a

new language for their Navigator browser. This needed to be done quickly

because of the intense competition between Netscape and Microsoft at the

time.

Eich managed to create a prototype scripting language in just 10 days. To do

this, he borrowed various elements from other languages, including AWK,

Java, Perl, Scheme, HyperTalk and Self. This was an impressive feat, but in

the rush to be first to market, a number of quirks and bugs ended up in the

language that were never fully addressed.

The new language was originally called Mocha, but it was changed to

LiveScript, then hastily rebranded as JavaScript so it could benefit from the

publicity that Sun Microsystem’s Java language was attracting at the time.

This name has often caused some confusion, with JavaScript often considered

a lighter version of Java. However, the two languages are unrelated ―

though JavaScript does have syntactical similarities to Java.

JavaScript made its debut in version 2 of Netscape’s Navigator browser in

1995. The following year, Microsoft reverse-engineered JavaScript to create

their own version, calling it JScript to avoid copyright issues with Sun

Microsystems, who owned the Java trademark. JScript shipped with version 3

of the Internet Explorer browser, and was almost identical to JavaScript ― it

even included all the same bugs and quirks ― but it did have some extra

Internet Explorer-only features. Microsoft included another scripting

language called VBScript with Internet Explorer at the same time.

JavaScript (and JScript) was immediately popular. It had a low barrier to

entry and was relatively easy to learn, which meant an explosion in its usage

for making web pages dynamic and more interactive. Unfortunately, its low

barrier was also a curse ― many people were now writing snippets of code

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