Red Hat/CentOS/Fedora 20上Juno版OpenStack官方安装教程

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本篇教程是关于在最新版本的RHEL7、CentOS 7以及Fedora 20平台上安装OpenStack Juno的官方指南。OpenStack Juno是一个开源的云计算平台，由OpenStack Foundation维护，它由多个关键项目组成，如Compute（计算服务）、Identity Service（身份验证服务）、Networking（网络服务）、Image Service（镜像服务）、Block Storage（块存储）、Object Storage（对象存储）、Telemetry（监控与测量）、Orchestration（编排）和Database（数据库）。这些组件可以根据云需求进行独立安装或整合配置。该教程详细指导了如何通过Fedora 20的软件包和Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7及其衍生版（通过EPEL仓库）安装OpenStack。教程不仅涉及安装步骤，还包含了配置选项的解释和示例配置文件，这对于理解和定制OpenStack环境至为重要。所有内容都遵循Apache License 2.0，这意味着用户可以按照协议的规定使用该指南，但必须遵守相应的授权条款。学习者将能够按照这篇官方文档，了解如何正确地在新版本的Linux发行版上部署OpenStack，确保系统的稳定性和兼容性。无论是作为系统管理员还是开发者，这篇指南都是深入理解OpenStack架构和操作流程的宝贵资源。在阅读过程中，读者会掌握从安装基础组件到配置高级功能的全面知识，以便构建和管理一个功能强大的云计算基础设施。

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OpenStack Installation Guide for

Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS,

and Fedora

March 16, 2015 juno

Figure1.5.Minimal architecture example with legacy networking (nova-

network)—Hardware requirements

OpenStack Installation Guide for

Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS,

and Fedora

March 16, 2015 juno

2. Basic environment

Table of Contents

Before you begin .......................................................................................................... 11

Security ......................................................................................................................... 12

Networking ................................................................................................................... 13

Network Time Protocol (NTP) ........................................................................................ 24

OpenStack packages ..................................................................................................... 26

Database ....................................................................................................................... 27

Messaging server ........................................................................................................... 28

This chapter explains how to configure each node in the example architectures including

the two-node architecture with legacy networking and three-node architecture with Open-

Stack Networking (neutron).

Note

Although most environments include Identity, Image Service, Compute, at least

one networking service, and the dashboard, the Object Storage service can op-

erate independently. If your use case only involves Object Storage, you can skip

to Chapter9, “Add Object Storage” [99] after configuring the appropriate

nodes for it. However, the dashboard requires at least the Image Service and

Compute.

Note

You must use an account with administrative privileges to configure each node.

Either run the commands as the root user or configure the sudo utility.

Note

The systemctl enable call on openSUSE outputs a warning message when the

service uses SysV Init scripts instead of native systemd files. This warning can be

ignored.

Before you begin

For best performance, we recommend that your environment meets or exceeds the hard-

ware requirements in Figure1.2, “Minimal architecture example with OpenStack Network-

ing (neutron)—Hardware requirements” [4] or Figure1.5, “Minimal architecture example

with legacy networking (nova-network)—Hardware requirements” [8]. However, Open-

Stack does not require a significant amount of resources and the following minimum re-

quirements should support a proof-of-concept environment with core services and several

CirrOS instances:

• Controller Node: 1 processor, 2 GB memory, and 5 GB storage

OpenStack Installation Guide for

Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS,

and Fedora

March 16, 2015 juno

• Network Node: 1 processor, 512 MB memory, and 5 GB storage

• Compute Node: 1 processor, 2 GB memory, and 10 GB storage

To minimize clutter and provide more resources for OpenStack, we recommend a minimal

installation of your Linux distribution. Also, we strongly recommend that you install a 64-

bit version of your distribution on at least the compute node. If you install a 32-bit version

of your distribution on the compute node, attempting to start an instance using a 64-bit im-

age will fail.

Note

A single disk partition on each node works for most basic installations. Howev-

er, you should consider Logical Volume Manager (LVM) for installations with op-

tional services such as Block Storage.

Many users build their test environments on virtual machines (VMs). The primary benefits of

VMs include the following:

• One physical server can support multiple nodes, each with almost any number of net-

work interfaces.

• Ability to take periodic "snap shots" throughout the installation process and "roll back" to

a working configuration in the event of a problem.

However, VMs will reduce performance of your instances, particularly if your hypervisor

and/or processor lacks support for hardware acceleration of nested VMs.

Note

If you choose to install on VMs, make sure your hypervisor permits promiscuous

mode and disables MAC address filtering on the external network.

For more information about system requirements, see the OpenStack Operations Guide.

Security

OpenStack services support various security methods including password, policy, and en-

cryption. Additionally, supporting services including the database server and message bro-

ker support at least password security.

To ease the installation process, this guide only covers password security where applicable.

You can create secure passwords manually, generate them using a tool such as pwgen, or

by running the following command:

$ openssl rand -hex 10

For OpenStack services, this guide uses SERVICE_PASS to reference service account pass-

words and SERVICE_DBPASS to reference database passwords.

The following table provides a list of services that require passwords and their associated

references in the guide:

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